1,721,070 research outputs found
Il veterinario a tutela dei selvatici e della sanità Pubblica
No full textL’aumento generalizzato delle attività umane ha generato una continuità spaziale, che si è tradotta in contiguità di ambienti, fra animali selvatici, animali domestici ed insediamenti umani. Purtroppo questa stretta convivenza (promiscuità?) è in grado di favorire malattie contagiose nelle tre comunità di selvatici, domestici ed umani. Inoltre la riduzione dell’habitat silvestre, la sua frammentazione ed il disturbo antropico che si assommano all’eccessivo sfruttamento di molte specie rappresentano un trend in ascesa che pone crescenti problemi di biologia della conservazione. Questa erosione di habitat ha inoltre importanza come causa di patologie non infettive ma può anche favorire la colonizzazione di agenti trasmissibili. La consapevolezza della necessità di tutelare l’ambiente è una priorità epocale e la salute degli animali selvatici è uno dei punti chiave per la conservazione delle specie selvatiche. L’interesse per la salute degli animali selvatici si interfaccia con barriere legislative fra stati nella movimentazione di animali e prodotti di origine animale quando particolari malattie sono presenti nella fauna selvatica di una determinata area geografica. Le più recenti tendenze nella gestione di importanti malattie degli animali domestici non sottovalutano l’importanza degli animali selvatici come componenti della biocenosi (patocenosi) in cui dovrà realizzarsi l’eradicazione. In accordo con queste regole internazionali di polizia veterinaria, i veterinari dovranno occuparsi di malattie dei selvatici con lo scopo di migliorare la salute dell’ambiente e di evitare la diffusione di malattie dagli animali domestici ai selvatici (e vice versa) dimostrando alla Comunità Europea l’efficacia delle misure di controllo applicate.
Il coinvolgimento dei veterinari nella protezione dell’ambiente, in relazione alle loro competenze, dovrebbe essere migliorato anche alla luce degli importanti risultati scientifici ottenuti da alcuni gruppi di ricerca negli ultimi decenni. Il ruolo dei veterinari nella conservazione e nella salute degli animali selvatici non è una nuova moda; in particolare l’ affermazione che le malattie degli animali selvatici non rappresentano ancora uno sbocco professionale ma potrebbero e dovrebbero divenirlo è tuttora valida. A tuttoggi, in un contesto di salute degli ecosistemi la medicina dei selvatici non può essere considerata appannaggio di un ristretto gruppo di ricercatori o l’interesse “hobbystico” di alcuni colleghi considerando che le malattie trasmissibili e quelle non infettive sono uno degli aspetti più rilevanti per assicurare il successo in termini di conservazione ambientale
Detection of Lotmaria passim in honeybees from Emilia Romagna (Italy) based on a culture method
Full text linkLotmaria passim is considered an emerging field of study in honeybee pathology, since it can threaten the health of the colony leading to a higher mortality rate. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the diffusion of this trypanosomatid in Italy. In this study, we highlight the presence of L. passim in the province of Bologna through its culture isolation from honeybee guts and microscopic observation
Effects of Exercise on Urinary Parameters and Proteins in Well-Trained Canicross Dogs: A Preliminary Study
No full textThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of exercise during canicross competition on urinary biochemical parameters and urinary proteins. Our results showed that, among the parameters analysed in routine urinalysis, pH was affected by exercise and albuminuria also showed changes immediately after physical exercise with a return to baseline within 2 h after the physical activity. In particular, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis allowed the separation of the urinary proteins on the basis of their molecular mass allowing a qualitative evaluation of the urinary proteome and a quantitative analysis of urine albumin and uromodulin, with a significant increase in urinary albumin and a decrease in uromodulin after exercise. In this study, urine was collected by spontaneous voiding and the use of this non-invasive sampling method proved useful in obtaining information on the health of the animals in the immediate moments before and after the competition without increasing the stress of the animals involved in the competition by any visits or invasive manipulations by veterinarians
First insights into the urinary metabolome of captive giraffes by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Full text linkThe urine from 35 giraffes was studied by untargeted1H-NMR, with the purpose of obtaining, for the first time, a fingerprint of its metabolome. The metabolome, as downstream of the transcriptome and proteome, has been considered as the most representative approach to monitor the relationships between animal physiological features and environment. Thirty-nine molecules were unambiguously quantified, able to give information about diet, proteins digestion, energy generation, and gut-microbial co-metabolism. The samples collected allowed study of the effects of age and sex on the giraffe urinary metabolome. In addition, preliminary information about how sampling procedure and pregnancy could affect a giraffe’s urinary metabolome was obtained. Such work could trigger the setting up of methods to non-invasively study the health status of giraffes, which is utterly needed, considering that anesthetic-related complications make their immobilization a very risky practice
Seasonal changes of zinc, copper, and iron in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed fortified diets
No full textFour groups of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) were fed diets with additional metal contents: a basal diet (diet A) contained Zn at 60.9 +/- 1.9 mg/kg diet, Cu at 3.9 +/- 0.9 mg/kg diet, and Fe at 138.3 +/- 6.8 mg/kg diet; the other diets were supplemented with copper (20 mg/kg, diet B), iron (100 mg/kg, diet C), or zinc (300 mg/kg, diet D). Two consecutive year-classes (0+ and 1+ age fish) from the same parent stock were examined. Several fish tissues were analyzed for metal contents in five different periods of each year in order to determine (1) the sensitivity of certain tissues as indicators of trace element metabolism and (2) possible seasonal variations. Growth data were similar for gilthead sea bream fed the basal diet and the metal-fortified diets. Mineral concentrations in tissues were found to be little affected by the dietary supplementation of trace elements, suggesting an efficient homeostatic control of these three metal concentrations. Tissues involved in metal metabolism (e.g., liver, kidney, gills) presented greater variations between minimum and maximum values with respect to other tissues (e.g., brain, muscle, eye). Seasonal variations were observed during the 2 yr of this study and were especially evident for zinc and copper concentrations in the liver. The overall pattern of metal variations showed a decreasing trend during the 2 yr. Results from this study indicate that (1) trace element concentrations in fish tissues vary with age and life cycle and (2) trace element requirements may vary in function of age and life cycle.[...
Macrophage aggregates in gilthead sea bream fed copper, iron and zinc enriched diets
No full textGilthead sea bream Sparus aurata from consecutive year classes (0+ and 1+) and from the same parent stock were fed four diets, three of which were fortified with copper, iron and zinc. Concentrations of these elements were little affected by the diet. Hepatic, renal and splenic tissues sections were examined to detect the influence of the diet on the number and morphology of macrophage aggregates (MAs); in particular their structure was examined in the spleen. Three different types of MAs were detected: (1) unstructured, (2) partially structured and scarcely defined and (3) fully structured and well defined. Melanin was the most abundant pigment in the pigmented macrophages which form MAs and the amount of this pigment was influenced by season. Ferritin, in contrast with previous data obtained in other fish species, was more abundant in renal than in splenic MAs. Significant differences in splenic MA numbers among fish fed different diets and among different periods of the year were detected. The results suggest that a polyfactorial regulation could act on the splenic MA number in gilthead sea bream.[...
Distribuzione degli aggregati dei melanomacrofagi e concentrazioni di metalli in orate (Sparus aurata L.) alimentate con diete artificiali supplementate di ferro e rame
No full textEffetti di elementi traccia (Fe, Zn, Cu) in esemplari di orata (Sparus aurata) alimentati con diete sperimentali
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