22 research outputs found
Adoption of Insulin Pumps and Continuous Glucose Monitors: Patient Perceptions of Utility and Usability
No full textThis thesis aims to capture patient perceptions of adoption and use of insulin pumps (IP) and continuous glucose monitors (CGM). The first two phases were dedicated to identify barriers and benefits of adoption of IP and CGM respectively. Four themes were identified in the insulin pump study: 1. the lack of value add to management, 2. the psychosocial impact, 3. requirement of a support structure during adoption, 4. need for behavioural readjustment for success. In the CGM phase, three themes were identified: 1. frustrations, 2. data promotes and proactivity, 3. cost/benefit analysis as a substantial barrier to adoption.In the third phase, a usability study of the five insulin pumps on the North American market was conducted. Ultimately, the Tandem pump caused the fewest use errors that could result in significant safety risk. Based on the results, recommendations to manufacturers and for tailoring diabetes training protocols were made.M.H.Sc
Adoption of Insulin Pumps and Continuous Glucose Monitors: Patient Perceptions of Utility and Usability
No full textThis thesis aims to capture patient perceptions of adoption and use of insulin pumps (IP) and continuous glucose monitors (CGM). The first two phases were dedicated to identify barriers and benefits of adoption of IP and CGM respectively. Four themes were identified in the insulin pump study: 1. the lack of value add to management, 2. the psychosocial impact, 3. requirement of a support structure during adoption, 4. need for behavioural readjustment for success. In the CGM phase, three themes were identified: 1. frustrations, 2. data promotes and proactivity, 3. cost/benefit analysis as a substantial barrier to adoption.In the third phase, a usability study of the five insulin pumps on the North American market was conducted. Ultimately, the Tandem pump caused the fewest use errors that could result in significant safety risk. Based on the results, recommendations to manufacturers and for tailoring diabetes training protocols were made.M.H.Sc
L'écriture détournée d'un mouvement : Patrice Duchesne, Stéphane-Denis Hazel, Isabelle Lapointe, Danny McDonald, Lily St-Gelais, Bruno Tremblay, Lise Dechamplain
No full textBilateral and unilateral arm training improve motor function through differing neuroplastic mechanisms: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial
No full textBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
This randomized controlled trial tests the efficacy of bilateral arm training with rhythmic auditory cueing (BATRAC) versus dose-matched therapeutic exercises (DMTEs) on upper-extremity (UE) function in stroke survivors and uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine effects on cortical reorganization.
METHODS:
A total of 111 adults with chronic UE paresis were randomized to 6 weeks (3×/week) of BATRAC or DMTE. Primary end points of UE assessments of Fugl-Meyer UE Test (FM) and modified Wolf Motor Function Test Time (WT) were performed 6 weeks prior to and at baseline, after training, and 4 months later. Pretraining and posttraining, fMRI for UE movement was evaluated in 17 BATRAC and 21 DMTE participants.
RESULTS:
The improvements in UE function (BATRAC: FM Δ = 1.1 + 0.5, P = .03; WT Δ = -2.6 + 0.8, P < .00; DMTE: FM Δ = 1.9 + 0.4, P < .00; WT Δ = -1.6 + 0.7; P = .04) were comparable between groups and retained after 4 months. Satisfaction was higher after BATRAC than DMTE (P = .003). BATRAC led to significantly higher increase in activation in ipsilesional precentral, anterior cingulate and postcentral gyri, and supplementary motor area and contralesional superior frontal gyrus (P < .05). Activation change in the latter was correlated with improvement in the WMFT (P = .01).
CONCLUSIONS:
BATRAC is not superior to DMTE, but both rehabilitation programs durably improve motor function for individuals with chronic UE hemiparesis and with varied deficit severity. Adaptations in brain activation are greater after BATRAC than DMTE, suggesting that given similar benefits to motor function, these therapies operate through different mechanisms
Introduction of Reusable Learning Objects in a First-year Materials Science and Engineering Course
No full textPreparation of self-healing acrylic latex coatings using novel oil-filled ethyl cellulose microcapsules
No full textNovel oil-filled microcapsules were prepared by introducing a phase separation method using ethyl cellulose as a shell-forming containing rapeseed oil. The prepared oil-filled microcapsules were evaluated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. Results showed that spherical microcapsules with a diameter of 10 to 45 μm and a rough porous shell were obtained. Carboxylated styrene/butadiene copolymer latex films containing various levels of these microcapsules were subjected to various levels of pre-elongation and their tensile properties were examined. The addition of oil-filled microcapsules resulted in a significant improvement in the modulus, strain-to-break, and toughness of the films. The self-healing mechanism of latex films was examined through the colorimetric measurements of the release of dye-containing following the pre-elongation of the samples. These measurements confirmed that pre-elongation of samples resulted in the release of oil within the latex films, hence plasticizing the surrounding polymeric network and partly restoring the mechanical properties of the pre-elongated films
Differential regulatory roles of crustacean predators in a sub-Arctic, soft-sediment system
No full textThe role of predation in structuring soft-sediment communities varies as a function of the number and composition of predators that co-occur in a given habitat. In Bonne Bay, Newfoundland, contrasting abundances or predators in different areas of the bay may contribute to different regulatory roles of predators on infauna. To test this hypothesis, results from a field exclusion experiment were compared with 5 laboratory experiments that measured the individual effects of the main crustacean predators of the bay: snow crab, rock crab, and toad crab. In the field experiment, the exclusion of predators generated clear differences in infaunal composition, and 2 species (the polychaete Pholoe tecta and the clam Macoma calcarea) dominated exclusion treatments. Predator exclusion also resulted in a significant increase in density, but only a modest increase in infaunal diversity. In the laboratory, fresh, undisturbed sediment cores were paired with similar cores, protected by mesh and exposed to each crab species in order to test for their potential effects on infaunal communities. Results indicate that snow crab and rock crab have clear effects on species composition and, as was the case with the field experiment, the infaunal species P. tecta and M calcarea dominated exclusion treatments for both predatory crabs. These predators also reduced total infaunal density, but only rock crab significantly reduced species richness. In contrast, toad crab effects were not significant. 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Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Traumatic Brain Injury : New Theoretical and Clinical Perspectives
No full textMessage from the Scientific Directors ; Introduction ; SECTION ONE : Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
PART I : Current state of knowledge - 1. Visual information processing in adults with traumatic brain injury, by Julie Lachapelle, Alain Ptito and Michelle McKerral. 2. The long-term impact of traumatic brain injury on the family, by Hélène Lefebvre, Diane Pelchat, Isabelle Gélinas, Bernard Michallet and Marie-Josée Levert ; PART II : Intervention - 1. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy following traumatic brain injury: A clinical case, by Jean R. Gagnon. 2. Traumatic brain injury and psychoactive substance abuse, by Monique Désilets, Hélène Lefebvre and Pauline Morissette. 3. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and traumatic brain injury: Specific evaluation and treatment, by Alain Godbout ; PART III : Contemporary perspectives - 1. The need for clinical practice guidelines in cognitive rehabilitation by Claude Paquette. 2. Clinicians, managers, and researchers: Joining forces to measure quality in rehabilitation services by Bonnie Swaine, Carolina Bottari, François Crépeau, Louise Demers, Monique Désilets, Elisabeth Dutil and Felicia Guarna. SECTION TWO
Mild traumatic brain injury ;
PART I : Current state of knowledge -
1. Identifying the sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury in children by Isabelle Gagnon, Robert Forget, Bonnie Swaine and Debbie Friedman. 2. Premorbidity and mild traumatic brain injury in adults, by Pierre Nolin, Johanne Bernier, Jennifer Mawn, Nathalie Boutin and Myriam Lanctôt.PART II : Intervention - 1. Intervention based on the multifactorial nature of MTBI, by Fanny Guérin, Aysha Dominique, Geneviève Léveillée, Stephan Kennepohl, Wormser Honoré, Nicole Brière and Michelle McKerral ; 2. Psychological intervention after mild traumatic brain injury: The use of resilience as a conceptual framework, by Frédéric Banville and Laurence Majaron ; Acknowledgements ; List of Institutions ; List of AbbreviationsThe aim of the Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of the Greater
Montreal (CRIR) is to develop and refine, through its research activities, the
scientific basis and knowledge required to guide effective and efficient
rehabilitation interventions. The inverse is equally true, since, from issues
encountered in the rehabilitation institutions, clinical practice guides the direction
of scientific activities. Other goals of the CRIR are to strengthen partnerships
between the universities and the clinical community, to build a succession of future
researchers through the graduate study programs and scientific activities it
organizes, and to develop a research culture in the rehabilitation institutions.
When the first volume of the Publications du CRIR was launched just over a year
ago, the Publishing Committee made a commitment to publish a second volume on
the theme of traumatic brain injury (TBI). This issue currently provides very fertile
ground for research and reflection among the members of our research centre.
Moreover, we must not forget that this type of trauma causes high morbidity in
Canada and Quebec. Progress in advanced medical technologies and the speed of
emergency response have raised the life expectancies of these individuals, and have
clearly made a significant impact on them and their families in the short, medium
and long term. One year later, this second volume is an indicator of our efforts to
respond, as well as possible, to the needs of those affected by TBI and their families.
This volume is intended to disseminate the research and clinical studies on TBI that
have been conducted under the auspices of the CRIR. Throughout the writing of this
book, our hope was that it would bring together the interests of the diverse health
care professional in the rehabilitation community, including the researchers and
their students, all those who care for individuals who have sustained a TBI, the
managers of the rehabilitation institutions, and the trauma victims themselves, along
with their families.The publication of this book was supported by a grant from the Comité
directeur de la recherche en traumatologie (Association des établissements
de réadaptation en déficience physique du Québec, Association québécoise
d’établissements de santé et de services sociaux, Société de l’assurance
automobile du Québec — AERDPQ-AQESSS-SAAQ
Recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation et traumatisme craniocérébral : Nouvelles perspectives théoriques et cliniques
No full textMot de la direction scientifique ; Introduction ; SECTION UN : Le TCC modéré à sévère
PARTIE I : État des connaissances -
1. Étude du traitement de l’information visuelle chez l’adulte ayant subi un TCC par Julie Lachapelle, Alain Ptito et Michelle McKerral.
2. L’impact à long terme du TCC sur les proches, par Hélène Lefebvre, Diane Pelchat, Isabelle Gélinas, Bernard Michallet, et Marie-Josée Levert ; PARTIE II : Intervention - 1. La psychothérapie psychanalytique à la suite d’un TCC : présentation d’un cas clinique, par Jean R. Gagnon. 2. Le TCC et l’abus de substances psychoactives, par Monique Désilets, Hélène Lefebvre et Pauline Morissette. 3. Vertige paroxystique positionnel bénin et TCC : évaluation et traitement spécifiques, par Alain Godbout ; PARTIE III : Perspectives contemporaines - 1. Pour un guide pratique clinique en réadaptation cognitive par Claude Paquette. 2. Les intervenants, les gestionnaires et les chercheurs : ensemble pour une mesure de la qualité des soins et services en réadaptation, par Bonnie R. Swaine, Carolina Bottari, François Crépeau, Louise Demers, Monique Désilets, Elisabeth Dutil et Felicia Guarna.
SECTION DEUX : Le TCC léger
PARTIE I : État des connaissances - 1. Identification de séquelles à la suite d’un TCCL chez l’enfant par Isabelle Gagnon, Robert Forget, Bonnie R. Swaine et Debbie Friedman. 2. Prémorbidité et TCCL chez l’adulte par Pierre Nolin, Johanne Bernier, Jennifer Mawn, Nathalie Boutin, Myriam Lanctôt ; PARTIE II : Intervention - 1. Intervenir sur la nature multifactorielle du TCCL par Fanny Guérin, Aysha Dominique, Geneviève Léveillée, Stephan Kennepohl, Wormser Honoré, Nicole Brière et Michelle McKerral
2. Intervention psychologique de réadaptation après un TCCL : une approche utilisant la résilience en tant que cadre conceptuel, par Frédéric Banville et Laurence Majaron ; Remerciements ; Coordonnées des établissements ; GlossaireLe Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation du Montréal métropolitain
(CRIR) a pour objectif de développer et de préciser par la recherche, qu’elle soit de
nature fondamentale ou appliquée, qu’elle se situe dans un paradigme positiviste ou
constructiviste, les bases scientifiques et les connaissances nécessaires pour guider des
interventions de réadaptation efficaces et efficientes. L’inverse est également vrai
puisque les pratiques cliniques orientent, à travers les questions qui se posent au sein
des programmes et des équipes, les activités scientifiques et de recherche. Le CRIR a
également pour objectif de renforcer le partenariat entre les universités et les milieux
cliniques, de former par les programmes d’études supérieures et par les activités
scientifiques qu’il organise, la relève des futurs chercheurs et le développement d’une
culture de recherche dans les établissements de réadaptation.
Lors du lancement du premier volume des Publications du CRIR, il y a un peu plus
d’un an, le comité des publications a pris l’engagement d’en publier un second sur le
thème des traumatismes craniocérébraux (TCC). Cette problématique constitue un
terrain de recherche et de réflexion actuellement très fertile pour les membres de notre
centre de recherche. De plus, il ne faut pas oublier que ces traumatismes constituent
une source importante de morbidité au Canada et au Québec. L’avancement des
technologies médicales de pointe et la rapidité avec laquelle les soins d’urgence sont
dispensés augmentent l’espérance de vie de ces personnes, ce qui produit évidemment
un impact considérable sur la personne et ses proches à court, moyen et long terme.
Un an plus tard, ce second volume est un indicateur de nos activités visant à répondre
le plus adéquatement possible aux besoins des personnes ayant subi un TCC et de leur
entourage.
Ce volume vise à faire connaître les recherches et réflexions cliniques concernant les
TCC menées dans le contexte des activités du CRIR. Tout au long de son élaboration,
notre souhait était qu’il rejoigne les intérêts des divers acteurs de la réadaptation, qu’il
s’agisse des chercheurs et de leurs étudiants, des intervenants auprès des personnes
ayant subi un TCC, des gestionnaires des établissements de réadaptation ou des
personnes traumatisées elles-mêmes et leurs proches
Development of surface replacement prostheses for the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpo phalangeal joints
No full textThere were two main aims of the project. A surface replacement prosthesis was previously designed at the University of Durham for the metacarpo-phalangeal joint (MCPJ). Tools were required to assess the joint prosthesis pre-operatively and postoperatively. The areas of assessment which the author was involved in were joint stiffness and a self-assessment questionnaire. The Durham arthrograph had previously been used for many clinical trials to assess joint stiffness objectively. However, the computer system was not portable. Hence a new computer system was developed, in Lab VIEW, for a lap-top computer. Ten normal individuals were assessed to validate the system. A questionnaire was also developed for patients to self-assess the performance of their joints. The questionnaire assessed parameters such as range of movement, hand strength, stiffness and pain on visual analogue scales. The difficulty in performing activities of daily living were assessed on simple descriptive scales. The second part of the project was to develop a surface replacement prosthesis for the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ). Since there was inadequate information in the literature on the architecture of the PEPJ bearing surfaces and phalangeal bone shafts, a detailed study was performed on the bones from 83 PIPJs. Proximal and middle phalangeal bones were dissected, modelled in bone cement, sectioned and shadowgraphed. The shadowgraphs were measured and models of the proximal phalangeal heads were produced. These models were then used to design four PIPJ surface replacement prostheses over a range of sizes which covered 97.6% of the sample population of PIPJs. It was proposed that the MCPJ and PIPJ prostheses would be made entirely from cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). Hence wear tests on pin-on-plate apparatuses were carried out to investigate the wear characteristics of XLPE-on-XLPE compared with other biomaterial combinations. The wear of XLPE-on-XLPE was comparable with UHMWPE-on-stainless steel. XLPE-on-stainless steel wore 10 times faster than XLPE-on-XLPE, and UHMWPE-on-UHMWPE wore 100 times faster than XLPE-on- XLPE. Hence it was concluded that all XLPE joint prostheses were feasible as far as the wear considerations were concerned
