786 research outputs found
Chapitre 9 : Risques sanitaires
No full textCoordination : Isabelle Baldi Rédacteurs : Isabelle Baldi, Gaëlle Coureau, Gaëlle Gault, Pierre-Yves Guernion, Denis Malvy, Simone Mathoulin-Pelissier, Chantal Raherison, Patrick Rolland, Roger Salamon Si les questions sur le changement climatique sont encore souvent centrées sur ses conséquences en matière d’environnement et d’économie, l’attention se tourne progressivement vers les enjeux de santé publique. Ceux-ci recouvrent à la fois les effets sanitaires directs liés aux catastrophes occ..
Ce que disent les études épidémiologiques
Get PDFIsabelle Baldi, chercheuse à l\u27Université de Bordeaux II, explique les avantages et les limites des études épidémiologiques
Aportes de la ergotoxicoliogía a la evaluación de la eficacia real de los epi destinados a proteger del riesgo fitosanitario : del análisis de la contaminación al proceso colectivo de alerta
No full textThis paper presents the results of an ergotoxicologic study on the effectiveness, in real-life conditions, of the protective suits recommended by preventionists. The arguments presented in the paper are based on the Pestexpo study conducted by Isabelle Baldi (Baldi et al. (2002) and Baldi et al. (2006)), which involved analyzing the exposure of vineyard workers to plant protection products by using an ergo-toxicologic approach. The point is to identify different types of exposure by taking into account the characteristics of the actual work (as opposed to what the operators are supposed to be doing) as an outcome of personal, technical and organizational determinants. We were able to point at the permeation of the fabric used for some of the suits. Indeed, after further discussion with PPE manufacturers, it would appear that the suits recommended for agricultural activities were initially developed for industrial purposes and that since farming is just a market niche, these suits may not have been tested for plant protection products, not even for the most common ones. We will explore this topic in terms of organizational and technical failure (Reason, 2004) in the personal protective equipment (PPE) design, testing and standardization process. We will also present the collective whistle-blowing process that was initiated
Aportes de la ergotoxicoliogía a la evaluación de la eficacia real de los epi destinados a proteger del riesgo fitosanitario : del análisis de la contaminación al proceso colectivo de alerta
No full textThis paper presents the results of an ergotoxicologic study on the effectiveness, in real-life conditions, of the protective suits recommended by preventionists. The arguments presented in the paper are based on the Pestexpo study conducted by Isabelle Baldi (Baldi et al. (2002) and Baldi et al. (2006)), which involved analyzing the exposure of vineyard workers to plant protection products by using an ergo-toxicologic approach. The point is to identify different types of exposure by taking into account the characteristics of the actual work (as opposed to what the operators are supposed to be doing) as an outcome of personal, technical and organizational determinants. We were able to point at the permeation of the fabric used for some of the suits. Indeed, after further discussion with PPE manufacturers, it would appear that the suits recommended for agricultural activities were initially developed for industrial purposes and that since farming is just a market niche, these suits may not have been tested for plant protection products, not even for the most common ones. We will explore this topic in terms of organizational and technical failure (Reason, 2004) in the personal protective equipment (PPE) design, testing and standardization process. We will also present the collective whistle-blowing process that was initiated
Il Carcer nella produzione di Cardano
No full textAlongside a larger analysis of Cardano's moral philosophy since the De consolatione (1542), the essay focuses on the dialogue Carcer, and suggests a relationship between the difficulties encountered by the author in the Duchy of Milan in 1560-61, and the trial of 1570 in Bologna. Special attention is devoted to the philosophical reasons that support in the Carcer the Plutarchean sera numinis vindicta, one of Cardano's favorites topics
Comparing three possible hypoelliptic Laplacians on the 5-dimensional Cartan group via div-curl type estimates
Get PDFOn general Carnot groups, the definition of a possible hypoelliptic Hodge-Laplacian on forms using
the Rumin complex has been considered in (M. Rumin, “Differential geometry on C-C spaces and application
to the Novikov-Shubin numbers of nilpotent Lie groups,” C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris Sér. I Math., vol. 329, no. 11, pp.
985–990, 1999, M. Rumin, “Sub-Riemannian limit of the differential form spectrum of contactmanifolds,” Geom.
Funct. Anal., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 407–452, 2000), where the author introduced a 0-order pseudodifferential operator
on forms. However, for questions regarding regularity for example, where one needs sharp estimates, this
0-order operator is not suitable. Up to now, there have only been very few attempts to define hypoelliptic Hodge-
Laplacians on forms that would allow for such sharp estimates. Indeed, this question is rather difficult to address
in full generality, the main issue being that the Rumin exterior differential dc is not homogeneous on arbitrary
Carnot groups. In this note, we consider the specific example of the free Carnot group of step 3 with 2 generators,
and we introduce three possible definitions of hypoelliptic Hodge-Laplacians.We compare how these three possible
Laplacians can be used to obtain sharp div-curl type inequalities akin to those considered by Bourgain &
Brezis and Lanzani & Stein for the de Rham complex, or their subelliptic counterparts obtained by Baldi, Franchi
& Pansu for the Rumin complex on Heisenberg groups
Possession
No full textThis chapter of the Historical Latin Syntax traces the evolution and use of predicative possessive constructions from Archaic to Late Latin. We demonstrate that, far from being merely a so-called “be-language”, Latin is a language where the major possessive type is based on a transitive verb (habeo) since the archaic stage. A textual, contrastive analysis of the habeo x and mihi est x types proves that between these two constructions there is a functional differentiation (i.e. syntactic and pragmatic, while the semantic level is relevant only to a minor extent). This, thus, explains: their different occurrence in the Latin corpus; their division-of-labour and, therefore, their coexistence through the history of Latin; and, finally, the diahronic evolution towards the transitive type. A comparison between the mihi est x and the genitive predicative type, which are fully differentiated on a functional plane, completes the picture of the whole architecture of predicative possession in Latin. Consequences can be drawn on the general plane, as “mixted” types (i.e. languages that are both have- and be-), such as Latin, must be taken into consideration when we approach the typology of predicative possession.
An analysis of attributive constructions is then offered, at the light of parameters such as: the order of the elements in the sequence, the definite status of the possessor/possessum constituents of the phrase, the semantic profile of the relation expressed, and the different morphological markers, etc.. Conclusions partly confirm previous hypotheses about the relation between the Latin stage and the Indoeuropean stage, while several generalizations from the typological point of view have to be adjusted (e.g. external possessor constructions).
The part on predicative possession is mainly due to Andrea Nuti; the part on attributive possession mainly to Philip Baldi. However, as the whole chapter is the result of a deep, mutual work carried on in full cooperation, the authors have agreed not to state explicitly and neatly an author-to-pages correspondence
Apports de l’ergotoxicologie à l’évaluation de l’efficacité réelle des EPI devant protéger du risque phytosanitaire : de l’analyse de la contamination au processus collectif d’alerte
Get PDFL’objectif de cet article est de présenter des résultats récents d’une recherche/action en ergotoxicologie concernant les risques liés à l’usage des produits phytosanitaires. Cette recherche propose une double articulation : la première entre des résultats issus d’analyses en situations de travail portant sur la contamination externe des viticulteurs et des résultats issus de tests en laboratoire portant sur la perméation des combinaisons. La seconde articulation concerne le lien entre l’ensemble des résultats cités ci-dessus et une analyse des failles techniques et organisationnelles de la conception et des processus de certification des EPI (équipements de protection individuelle). Sur ces bases, la question des EPI sera alors abordée sous l’angle d’un transfert de technologie entre des milieux industriels et les réalités des situations agricoles. Ceci conduit à un diagnostic très préoccupant en matière d’efficacité réelle des combinaisons. Nous aborderons aussi les questions des responsabilités juridiques soulevées par de tels manquements. Enfin, nous détaillerons le rôle de whistler blower (Vaugan, 1996) que nous avons décidé de jouer ainsi que le processus d’alerte que nous avons construit afin de poser autrement le problème des EPI et intéresser l’ensemble des acteurs.This paper presents the results of an ergotoxicologic study on the effectiveness, in real-life conditions, of the protective suits recommended by preventionists. The arguments presented in the paper are based on the Pestexpo study conducted by Isabelle Baldi (Baldi et al. (2002) and Baldi et al. (2006)), which involved analyzing the exposure of vineyard workers to plant protection products by using an ergo-toxicologic approach. The point is to identify different types of exposure by taking into account the characteristics of the actual work (as opposed to what the operators are supposed to be doing) as an outcome of personal, technical and organizational determinants. We were able to point at the permeation of the fabric used for some of the suits. Indeed, after further discussion with PPE manufacturers, it would appear that the suits recommended for agricultural activities were initially developed for industrial purposes and that since farming is just a market niche, these suits may not have been tested for plant protection products, not even for the most common ones. We will explore this topic in terms of organizational and technical failure (Reason, 2004) in the personal protective equipment (PPE) design, testing and standardization process. We will also present the collective whistle-blowing process that was initiated.El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados recientes de una investigación/acción en ergotoxicología sobre los riesgos relacionados con el uso de productos fitosanitarios. Esta investigación propone una doble articulación : la primera, entre resultados que emergen de análisis realizados en situaciones de trabajo sobre la contaminación externa de los viticultores y resultados provenientes de tests de laboratorio sobre la permeabilidad de la vestimenta de protección. La segunda articulación trata de la relación entre el conjunto de resultados ya citados y un análisis de los fallos técnicos y organizacionales del diseño y de los procesos de certificación de los EPI (equipos de protección individual). La problemática de los EPI será abordada desde el ángulo de una transferencia de tecnología entre los medios industriales y las realidades de las situaciones agrícolas. Esto conduce a un diagnóstico muy preocupante sobre la eficacia real de las vestimentas de protección. Abordaremos también las preguntas sobre la responsabilidad jurídica que emergen de estas carencias. Finalmente, explicaremos el rol de whistler blower (Vaugan, 1996) que decidimos jugar y el proceso de alerta que construimos para plantear de otra manera el problema de los EPI y hacer emerger el interés del conjunto de los actores sobre esta cuestión
Contribution of Ergotoxicology to the Determination of Actual PPE Effectiveness in Protecting Users From Phytosanitary Risks. From Contamination Analysis to the Collective Whistle-Blowing Process
Get PDFThis paper presents the results of an ergotoxicologic study on the effectiveness, in real-life conditions, of the protective suits recommended by preventionists. The arguments presented in the paper are based on the Pestexpo study conducted by Isabelle Baldi (Baldi et al. (2002) and Baldi et al. (2006)), which involved analyzing the exposure of vineyard workers to plant protection products by using an ergo-toxicologic approach. The point is to identify different types of exposure by taking into account the characteristics of the actual work (as opposed to what the operators are supposed to be doing) as an outcome of personal, technical and organizational determinants. We were able to point at the permeation of the fabric used for some of the suits. Indeed, after further discussion with PPE manufacturers, it would appear that the suits recommended for agricultural activities were initially developed for industrial purposes and that since farming is just a market niche, these suits may not have been tested for plant protection products, not even for the most common ones. We will explore this topic in terms of organizational and technical failure (Reason, 2004) in the personal protective equipment (PPE) design, testing and standardization process. We will also present the collective whistle-blowing process that was initiated.L’objectif de cet article est de présenter des résultats récents d’une recherche/action en ergotoxicologie concernant les risques liés à l’usage des produits phytosanitaires. Cette recherche propose une double articulation : la première entre des résultats issus d’analyses en situations de travail portant sur la contamination externe des viticulteurs et des résultats issus de tests en laboratoire portant sur la perméation des combinaisons. La seconde articulation concerne le lien entre l’ensemble des résultats cités ci-dessus et une analyse des failles techniques et organisationnelles de la conception et des processus de certification des EPI (équipements de protection individuelle). Sur ces bases, la question des EPI sera alors abordée sous l’angle d’un transfert de technologie entre des milieux industriels et les réalités des situations agricoles. Ceci conduit à un diagnostic très préoccupant en matière d’efficacité réelle des combinaisons. Nous aborderons aussi les questions des responsabilités juridiques soulevées par de tels manquements. Enfin, nous détaillerons le rôle de whistler blower (Vaugan, 1996) que nous avons décidé de jouer ainsi que le processus d’alerte que nous avons construit afin de poser autrement le problème des EPI et intéresser l’ensemble des acteurs.El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados recientes de una investigación/acción en ergotoxicología sobre los riesgos relacionados con el uso de productos fitosanitarios. Esta investigación propone una doble articulación : la primera, entre resultados que emergen de análisis realizados en situaciones de trabajo sobre la contaminación externa de los viticultores y resultados provenientes de tests de laboratorio sobre la permeabilidad de la vestimenta de protección. La segunda articulación trata de la relación entre el conjunto de resultados ya citados y un análisis de los fallos técnicos y organizacionales del diseño y de los procesos de certificación de los EPI (equipos de protección individual). La problemática de los EPI será abordada desde el ángulo de una transferencia de tecnología entre los medios industriales y las realidades de las situaciones agrícolas. Esto conduce a un diagnóstico muy preocupante sobre la eficacia real de las vestimentas de protección. Abordaremos también las preguntas sobre la responsabilidad jurídica que emergen de estas carencias. Finalmente, explicaremos el rol de whistler blower (Vaugan, 1996) que decidimos jugar y el proceso de alerta que construimos para plantear de otra manera el problema de los EPI y hacer emerger el interés del conjunto de los actores sobre esta cuestión
Adaptive synchronization in networks with heterogeneous uncertain Kuramoto-like units
No full textWe analyze adaptive synchronization capabilities in networks with Kuramoto-like units whose dynamical features are unknown and thus synchronization protocols must exhibit co-evolution capabilities. In the presence of heterogeneous and uncertain units, synchronization should be enabled by appropriate adaptive protocols that counteract the effect of heterogeneity. An interaction protocol is presented that is used by the units to communicate with each other: the protocol is based on a distributed disagreement measure. The aim of the protocol is to adapt feedback and coupling gains, so as to guarantee the emergence of a synchronous solution. The adaptive strategy is distributed, i.e. each unit self-determines the strength of its gains by using only neighboring measurements. Convergence of the synchronization error to zero is shown via Lyapunov analysis, and numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocol.Accepted Author ManuscriptTeam Bart De Schutte
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