7,478 research outputs found
The systematics and genetics of tomatoes on the Galápagos Islands (Solanum, Solanaceae)
No full textGalápagos tomatoes (Solanum section Lycopersicon) have long interested
scientists and plant breeders. Several morphological and physiological
characters found in the endemic Galápagos tomatoes have been bred into the
cultivated Solanum lycopersicum, making the native plants an invaluable
resource for the development of this important global crop.
Extensive fieldwork was carried out on twelve islands, old records were
confirmed, new records added, but several previously recorded populations of
endemic tomatoes could not be confirmed. I collected tomatoes from 12 islets
and Islands. Detailed morphometric analysis on c.400 plants and extensive
genetic studies on c.1,200 plants were carried out in addition to fieldwork and
natural history studies. Observations and experiments were carried out on
herbarium specimens, field collected and green house grown accessions. I
confirmed the presence of four taxa in the Galápagos Islands – two endemic
species S. cheesmaniae and S. galapagense, the latter here described as new,
and two introduced species S. pimpinellifolium and S. lycopersicum.
Hybrids were found involving all taxa growing in the Galápagos Islands.
Of particular interest is an extensive hybrid zone between S. cheesmaniae and
S. pimpinellifolium spanning 20km along the Baltra Road on Isla Santa Cruz.
Hybridization raises the threat of extinction by introgression and the possibility
of the evolution of a serious invasive species. Conservation recommendations
are proposed.
In addition, a genetic analysis was undertaken of 60 seed bank
accessions of all four tomato species from the Galápagos. Again, indications of
hybridization were found, raising the potential of introgression within the seed
bank collections, occurring potentially during rejuvenation cycles.
Furthermore, I propose a new outline for a generic invasive species
threat/impact scoring system. Applying this new system I class Solanum
pimpinellifolium as an alien invasive species and assess its impact on Isla
Santa Cruz in the Galápagos Islands
Axinyssa isabela Carballo & Cruz-Barraza, 2008, sp. nov.
No full textAxinyssa isabela sp. nov. (Figs. 2–5, Table 1) Material examined. Holotype: MNCN 1.01 / 620, Costa Fragatas (Isla Isabel, Nayarit), 21 º 50 ’ 40 ’’N, 105 º 52 ’ 46 ’’W, 10 m depth, 02/08/ 2005. Paratypes: BMNH 2008.4. 2.1, Cerro del Faro (Isla Isabel, Nayarit), 21 º 50 ’ 25 ’’N, 105 º 53 ’07’’W, 20 m depth, 02/08/ 2005. LEB-ICML-UNAM- 56, Bahía Tiburones (Isla Isabel, Nayarit), 21 º 50 ’ 33 ’’N, 105 º 53 ’ 10 ’’W, 12 m depth, 11 / 20 / 1999. LEB-ICML-UNAM- 67, Las Monas (Isla Isabel, Nayarit), 21 º 46 ’ 35 ’’N, 105 º 51 ’ 42 ’’W, 20 m depth, 11 / 21 / 1999. LEB-ICML-UNAM- 1050, Punta Bobo (Isla Isabel, Nayarit), 21 º 50 ’ 35 ’’N, 105 º 52 ’ 44 ’’W. 12 m depth, 12 /09/ 2003. LEB-ICML-UNAM- 1291, Playa Iguanas (Isla Isabel, Nayarit, México), 21 º 51 ’07’’N, 105 º 53 ’ 45 ’’W, 4 m depth, 02/08/ 2005. Diagnosis. Incrusting to massive amorphous, yellow sponge, with a firm, fleshy and compressible consistency. Surface is smooth to irregular conulose-microconulose. The choanosome has abundant collagen and a confused skeleton, with ascending single spicules or tracts, ending at the surface commonly in bouquets or single spicules causing a fine hispidation. The spicules are oxeas and derivates (stylotes and strongyles) in a wide size-range, from 200 –(546)– 780 µm long by 3 –(8.7)– 15 µm wide. Description. Incrusting cushion-shaped to massive amorphous (from 3 to 5 cm thick), sometimes lobate sponge, with rounded borders and apical oscules (Fig. 2 A–C). The species grows over rocky substrates, covering areas up to 17 x 12 cm. The surface varies within the same specimens; it can be smooth, although generally, it is irregular, conulose-micro-conulose and minutely hispid, due to the terminal part of the choanosomal spicule and tracts that form brushes on the surface (Fig. 3 A–G). Sometimes small raised ridges may be observed running over the surface. Subectosomal spaces from 0.5 to 1 mm in diameter. Subectosomal aquiferous canals (from 0.5 to 1.5 mm in diameter) are visible around some oscula. Circular or oval shaped oscula (1 to 6 mm in diameter) are scattered irregularly on the surface. They are flush with the surface of the sponge or slightly elevated by an ectosomal membrane. The consistency is firm, fleshy, compressible and resilient in life, but crumbly after preservation. The ectosome is a thin, translucent, partly detachable surface membrane. The choanosome is cavernous, with aquiferous channels very variable in size, from 70 µm to 1.5 mm in diameter. The color in life is light yellow-orange (Fig. 2 A–C). After fixation, the color becomes ochre or dark brown. Skeleton. Ectosome without a specialized skeleton, but with some spicules from peripheral choanosomal skeleton arranged criss-cross or paratangentially, protruding through the surface (Fig. 3). The subectosomal region is characterized by dense collagen with ascending single spicules or tracts and only few small sub-ectosomal channels (Fig. 4). The deeper choanosomal region is very cavernous, with abundant spongin as a collagen matrix. Skeletal arrangement is confused with ascending single spicules or grouped in tracts, becoming slightly more organized towards the periphery (Fig. 4). Spicules. The spicules are mainly oxeas, but derivatives like styles are commonly present. They are large and thin, lightly curved at the centre, or even flexuous. With symmetrical or asymmetrical ends and very variable tips; sharp, mucronate, stepped and blunt tips (Fig. 5). Spicules are present in a wide range of sizes but not divided into categories. Measurements: 200 –(546)– 780 µm long and 3 –(8.7)– 15 µm wide. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to Isla Isabel National Park where the specimens were collected. Distribution. Even though a great number of localities have been sampled along the Mexican Pacific coast during the last 8 years (see papers by Carballo et al.), Axinyssa isabela sp. nov. was only found at the National Park Isla Isabel (Nayarit, Mexican Pacific coast). The species is relatively common in vertical walls, small caves and overhangs at depths between 4 and 28 m at different localities of the island (Fig. 1). Remarks. Axinyssa isabela sp. nov. is a common sponge at Isla Isabel (Mexican Pacific coast), and constitutes the first record of Axinyssa for the East Pacific region. This species has characteristics typical of Axinyssa according to the most recent definition (Erpenbeck & van Soest 2002), and it also contains typical chemical compounds of this genus (Zubía et al., 2008). The closest species to Axinyssa isabela sp. nov. is A. ambrosia (de Laubenfels, 1936) described from the Dry Tortugas (Caribbean), and later reported widespread in the Caribbean (Diaz et al. 1993). Both species are quite similar but subtle morphological differences are present. A. isabela sp. nov. has a thin, translucent, partly detachable membranous layer, which is not present in A. ambrosia. The choanosome is also different, A. ambrosia presents a skeleton with spicules densely strewn in the interior. Toward the periphery this species exhibits radial tracts no longer than 2 to 3 spicule lengths, ending as small conules on the surface. On the other hand, A. isabela sp. nov. has a cavernous choanosome with spicules ascending singly or in tracts, becoming slightly more organized towards the periphery, with abundant collagen and relatively low spicular density. Both species also differ in spicule symmetry and dimensions. A. ambrosia presents fusiform and hastate oxeas, with transitional styloids and strongyloxeas. These are longer and thicker (from 425 to 925 µm long, and from 8 to 30 µm thick) than those seen in A. isabela sp. nov. The latter species presents thin, slightly curved or flexuous oxeas, with symmetrical or asymmetrical ends. Although the similarities between both species are high, we do not consider these species conspecific because of large differences in geographic distance and habitat (Diaz et al. 1993). In addition, we have found consistent morphological differences in skeletal organization and symmetry, as well as regarding the size of spicules, and natural products composition (Zubía et al. 2008). In fact, the levels of genetic differentiation found between an amphi-isthmic Spirastrella sibling pair, together with cytological and small but consistent morphological differences, clearly demonstrated that they belong to different biological species (Wulff 1996, Boury-Esnault et al, 1999). M. microsigmatosa (Carribean) and Mycale cecilia (Pacific Ocean) is another example of a trans-Isthmian species pair. They are two morphologically similar species, which were synonymized by Bergquist (1965), and later suggested as valid species on the basis of their geographical separation and small differences in spicule dimensions (Hajdu & Rützler, 1998). The closest sponge in the East Pacific ocean is Oxeostilon fernaldi (Sim & Bakus 1986) (now in Topsentia according to Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002). Both species are incrusting to massive yellow sponges, but Topsentia fernaldi has a dense and confused choanosomal skeleton and a compact ectosomal crust of oxeas, both with little spongin. In addition T. fernaldi has two size categories of oxeas, which differ in form and size from A. isabela sp. nov. spicules. Axinyssa isabela sp. nov. is also different from other Caribbean species such as A. flaveolivescens Hofman & Kielman, 1992, and A. lithophaga (Wiedenmayer, 1977). A flaveolivescens is described as an endolithic bright yellow sponge, which has large protrusions that emerge from dead coral. This species is clearly different from our species in external morphology and in the smaller size range of spicules (Table 1). A. lithophaga differs from A. isabela sp. nov. by having a purplish black external color and different spicule size and morphology, with fusiform oxeas and strongyloxeas, but true oxeas are rare. Large ones are larger than A. isabela sp. nov. spicules (230–1320 by 2–25 µm). Axinyssa. isabela sp. nov. also differs from the Indo-Pacific Axinyssa -species A. aplysinoides (Dendy, 1922) (cited by Hooper et al. 1997), Axinyssa oinops and Axinyssa pitys (de Laubenfels, 1954), Axinyssa radiata (Lévi & Lévi, 1983) and A. aplysinoides (Dendy, 1922) (see Table 1). Axinyssa oinops differs from A. isabela mainly by having a wine red color and a gelatinous consistency. Axinyssa pitys is different by having a dirty drab color, and a profusely cavernous surface. Axinyssa radiata is a cylindrical-massive ochre sponge with larger spicules (oxeas: 1500–2100 x 15–40; styles: 400 – 110 x 15 µm) than A. isabela sp. nov. Axinyssa specimens and species Shaped Color Spicules (oxeas-oxeotes) Distribution Pacific Axinyssa -speciesPublished as part of Carballo, José Luis & Cruz-Barraza, José Antonio, 2008, First record of Axinyssa Lendenfeld, 1897 (Demospongiae, Halichondrida) from the East Pacific Ocean, with the description of Axinyssa isabela sp. nov., pp. 58-68 in Zootaxa 1784 on pages 60-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18241
Values of δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N (mean ± SD in ‰) in large and small tiger sharks (<i>G</i>. <i>cuvier</i>) sampled at two locations within the Galapagos Marine Reserve, together with isotopic values for different groups of potential prey that make up the trophic web of this species: squids (asterisk), pelagic and demersal fish (diamonds), sea lions from Isabela and Santa Cruz rookeries (triangles), and sea turtles from Isabela and Santa Cruz nesting areas (squares).
No full textFor tiger sharks: Large from Isabela (Black X), small from Isabela (red *), large from Santa Cruz (black *), small from Santa Cruz (red *). Values were adjusted with the Trophic Enrichment Factor (TEF) proposed by Malpica et al. [47].</p
Política de divulgação científica da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
No full textElaboração: Grupo de Trabalho responsável pela elaboração da Política de Divulgação Científica da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, criado pela Portaria N° 6.396/2019. Política aprovada pelo Conselho Deliberativo da Fiocruz em 10/12/2020 e publicada na Portaria da Presidência da Fiocruz no. 58 de 05 de março de 2021
FIGURE 1 in First record of Axinyssa Lendenfeld, 1897 (Demospongiae, Halichondrida) from the East Pacific Ocean, with the description of Axinyssa isabela sp. nov.
No full textFIGURE 1. Sampling localities and distribution of Axinyssa isabela sp. nov. along the coast of Isabel Island (Sea of Cortes, Pacific Ocean). The numbers show the different localities: (1) Playa Iguanas, (2) Cerro del Faro, (3) Bahía Tiburones, (4) Punta Bobos, (5) Costa Fragatas, (6) Las Monas.Published as part of Carballo, José Luis & Cruz-Barraza, José Antonio, 2008, First record of Axinyssa Lendenfeld, 1897 (Demospongiae, Halichondrida) from the East Pacific Ocean, with the description of Axinyssa isabela sp. nov., pp. 58-68 in Zootaxa 1784 on page 60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18241
PCoA based on the genetic distances (Euclidian) found between the individuals sampled in the three islands: Isabela (ISA—green), San Cristobal (SCY- blue) and Santa Cruz (SCZ—purple).
No full textPCoA based on the genetic distances (Euclidian) found between the individuals sampled in the three islands: Isabela (ISA—green), San Cristobal (SCY- blue) and Santa Cruz (SCZ—purple).</p
The Santiago and Isabela Island goat eradication campaigns during Project Isabela (2001–2006).
No full text<p>Figures do not include Judas goat operations on southern Isabela after March 2006.</p
Nuevo edificio municipal en Puerto Villamil-Isabela.
No full textEl Archipiélago de Galápagos se ubica a 972 kilómetros del Ecuador Continental, y lo conforman 13 grandes islas volcánicas, 6 islas pequeñas y 107 rocas e islotes con extensión de 7.850 km2 en pleno Océano Pacífico (Gobernación de Galápagos, 2014).
El conjunto de islas forman la Provincia de Galápagos divididas en 3 cantones: San
Cristóbal, Santa Cruz e Isabela siendo la capital Puerto Baquerizo Moreno cabecera
cantonal de San Cristóbal (Gobernación de Galápagos, 2014). Cabe recalcar que las
Galápagos pertenecen al Ecuador desde el 12 de febrero de 1832 (Gordillo, Relatos de
44 años en Galápagos, 2000). En el periodo del Presidente Guillermo Rodríguez Lara se dicta la cantonización de Isabela, teniendo como cabecera cantonal Puerto Villamil y parroquia rural Tomás de Berlanga, se le adiciona tres islas a su jurisdicción (Fernandina, Teodoro Wolf y Charles Darwin).
La Isla Isabela es la que posee la mayor zona terrestre de todo el Archipiélago
siendo la más grande de la provincia.
Hasta el año 2010 que fue el último censo, la población era de 2.256 habitantes
(INEC, 2010) y la ocupación del suelo le corresponde 98.9% al Parque Nacional
Galápagos y prácticamente el 1% a la zona poblada entre urbana y rural (Puerto
Villamil y Tomás de Berlanga respectivamente) (GAD Municipal Cantón Isabela, 2012). El edificio municipal se construye dando respuesta a la desaparición del organismo encargado de administrar los cantones, es así que surge una institución
denominada Concejo Municipal y la máxima autoridad elegida por voto popular, se la
conocía como Presidente ya que en esos años Alcalde solo era el que presidía el
Municipio de San Cristóbal, finalmente en 1996 en Isabela también toman el nombre de
Alcalde (Gordillo, 2003)
Dr. Kevin Cruz - Faculty Author Interview
No full textDr. Kevin Cruz, Assistant Professor of Management in the Robins School of Business, discusses his recent article, “Perceptions of psychological contract breach and perceptions of co-worker exclusion: The moderating effects of collectivism and individualism,” in Occupational Health Science. Dr. Cruz’s research interests focus on employee – employer relationships, employee – team relationships and employee – co-worker relationships
Comunidades biológicas en los manglares de Isabela, Santa Cruz y San Cristóbal
No full textSe determinó la composición de flora y fauna que albergan los Bosques de Manglar de Concha de Perla en Isabela ; Playa de los Alemanes Santa Cruz y Puerto Grande en San Cristóbal. Se realizaron los muestreos desde agosto del 2010 a Enero del 2011. En estos lugares se monitorearon factores bióticos como flora de manglar, peces y macro invertebrados así como factores abióticos como salinidad y temperatura. En peces se reportaron 46 especies, la mayoría de los peces censados se encontraban dentro del rango de talla de 1 a 10 cms. Se encontraron relaciones directas entres los dos factores. Se determinó que los manglares que se desarrollan en las costas de Galápagos crecen en forma de arbustos, siendo R. mangle la especie más abundante. En cuanto macro invertebrados la zona meso litoral inferior presentó como la más diversa y abundante.Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Naturale
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