1,729,560 research outputs found
Difference Work: A Conversation with Lilly Irani
No full textIn this interview, Lilly Irani draws on her decade of ethnographic research into globally distributed micro-labor and her experiences with Turkopticon to sharply articulate for us what’s at stake in these processes—and how and why "virtual work" and "digital labor" matter conceptually for the politics of feminist science and technology studies.
Modelling surface roughening during plastic deformation of metal crystals under contact shear loading
No full textDuring plastic deformation, metal surfaces roughen and this has a deleterious impact on their tribological performance. It is therefore desirable to be able to predict and control the amount of roughening caused by subsurface plasticity. As a first step, we focus on modelling plastic deformation during contact shearing of an FCC metallic single crystal, employing a finite strain Discrete Dislocation Plasticity (DDP) formulation. This formulation allows us to capture the finite lattice rotations induced in the material by shearing and the corresponding local rotation of the crystallographic slip planes. The simulations predict a pronounced material pile-up in front of the contact and a sink-in at its rear, which are strongly crystal-orientation dependent. By comparing finite and small strain DDP, we can assess the effect of slip plane rotation on surface roughening and on metal plasticity in general. Results of the simulations are also compared with crystal plasticity, which is also capable of predicting a pile-up and sink-in, but not the crystal-orientation dependency of roughening.Accepted Author Manuscript(OLD) MSE-
Electronic transformation of government in the U.K.: a research agenda
No full textThis paper presents the findings of an exploratory research project into future
e-Government (electronic Government) initiatives. The Virtual Institute for
Electronic Government Research (VIEGO) project aimed at identifying and
further developing the research agenda of e-Government based on a solid
practical ground. As such, the paper offers a novel methodology in identifying
the road map for future e-Government initiatives based on a series of
workshops organised around the U.K. hosting a mixture of stakeholders
involving both academics and parishioners. The analysis of the VIEGO
workshops depicted that an e-Government research agenda involves a
combination of social, technological and organisational issues at both
governmental and individual citizen level, ultimately driven by empirical
case-based experience and active participation in e-Government processes.
Unlike other propositions for the future of e-Government offered in the e-
Government literature, raised research questions not only originated from an
analysis of e-Government literature but also on the outcome of brainstorming,
reflections and contemplations throughout the duration of the project
Developing a frame of reference for ex-ante IT/IS investment evaluation
No full textInvestment appraisal techniques are an integral part of many traditional capital budgeting processes. However, the adoption of Information Systems (IS) and the development of resulting infrastructures are being increasingly viewed on the basis of consumption. Consequently, decision-makers are now moving away from the confines of rigid capital budgeting processes, which have traditionally compared IS with non-IS-related investments. With this in mind, the authors seek to dissect investment appraisal from the broader capital budgeting process to allow a deeper understanding of the mechanics involved with IS justification. This analysis presents conflicting perspectives surrounding the scope and sensitivity of traditional appraisal methods. In contributing to this debate, the authors present taxonomies of IS benefit types and associated natures, and discuss the resulting implications of using traditional appraisal techniques during the IS planning and decision-making process. A frame of reference that can be used to navigate through the variety of appraisal methods available to decision-makers is presented and discussed. Taxonomies of appraisal techniques that are classified by their respective characteristics are also presented. Perspectives surrounding the degree of involvement that financial appraisal should play during decision making and the limitations surrounding investment appraisal techniques are identifie
Ido Irani/ SN 2022oqm -- a Ca-rich Explosion of a Compact Progenitor Embedded in a C/O Circumstellar Material
No full text<p>Code and data accompanying Irani et al. 2023a "SN 2022oqm -- a Ca-rich Explosion of a Compact Progenitor Embedded in Carbon/Oxygen Circumstellar Material"</p>
<p>The repository contains severak .py files:</p>
<p>PhotoUtils.py: a general function package for utilities Ni_tools.py: Code used for Ni 56 fitting fit_powerlaw.py: Code used to fit a power-law balckbody evolution to an power-law expanding blackbody. params.py: parameter file fit_bb_extinction.py: executable script for blackbody fits blackbody_figures.ipynb: notebook plotting figures 8, 11, 12 photometry_figures.ipynb: notebook plotting figures 3, 9,10</p>
Translationally Invariant Constraint Optimization Problems
Full text linkWe study the complexity of classical constraint satisfaction problems on a 2D
grid. Specifically, we consider the complexity of function versions of such
problems, with the additional restriction that the constraints are
translationally invariant, namely, the variables are located at the vertices of
a 2D grid and the constraint between every pair of adjacent variables is the
same in each dimension. The only input to the problem is thus the size of the
grid. This problem is equivalent to one of the most interesting problems in
classical physics, namely, computing the lowest energy of a classical system of
particles on the grid. We provide a tight characterization of the complexity of
this problem, and show that it is complete for the class . Gottesman
and Irani (FOCS 2009) also studied classical translationally-invariant
constraint satisfaction problems; they show that the problem of deciding
whether the cost of the optimal solution is below a given threshold is
NEXP-complete. Our result is thus a strengthening of their result from the
decision version to the function version of the problem. Our result can also be
viewed as a generalization to the translationally invariant setting, of
Krentel's famous result from 1988, showing that the function version of SAT is
complete for the class . An essential ingredient in the proof is a
study of the complexity of a gapped variant of the problem. We show that it is
NEXP-hard to approximate the cost of the optimal assignment to within an
additive error of , for an grid. To the best of
our knowledge, no gapped result is known for CSPs on the grid, even in the
non-translationally invariant case. As a byproduct of our results, we also show
that a decision version of the optimization problem which asks whether the cost
of the optimal assignment is odd or even is also complete for .Comment: 75 pages, 13 figure
Creating social entrepreneurship in local government
No full textThe public sector is often considered synonym with inefficiency and a lack of
motivation to be innovative. This paper seeks to contribute towards the
literature surrounding social entrepreneurship in the public sector, through
using institutional theory to underpin an e-Innovations model that promotes
social entrepreneurship, while recognising how the adoption of innovation
within the public sector is fostered. The proposed model seeks to serve as a
process that threatens the conservative and risk-averse culture endemic in the
public sector
Tarsonemus Gheblealivand & Irani-Nejad & Magowski & Manzari 2018, s. str.
No full textSubgenus Tarsonemus s. str. Type species: Tarsonemus (= Chironemus) minusculus (Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876) by monotypy.Published as part of Gheblealivand, Saeide S., Irani-Nejad, Karim Haddad, Magowski, Wojciech Ł. & Manzari, Shahab, 2018, The genus Tarsonemus Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876 (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Tarsonemidae) in East Azerbaijan, Iran, with a description of T. lenticulatus sp. nov. and re-description of T. annotatus Livshits, Mitrofanov and Sharonov, 1979, pp. 13-38 in Zootaxa 4446 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/143734
Lives of the archive (A stranger's edit)
No full textThe essay examines the performance project "Mishandled Archive" by Tara Fatehi Irani in the context of performative archival practices and explores its disseminative structure and engagement with different platforms of encounter, both analogue and digital
Filchneria irani
No full textFilchneria irani (Aubert, 1964) Figs. 16–22 Aubert, 1964: 79, figs 32–34 (Perlodes (Skobeleva) irani). Holotype and paratype are stored in ethanol and deposited in MZL; lllies, 1966: 389 (Skobeleva irani); Zwick, 1973: 229 (Filchneria irani); Sartori et al., 1990: 170 (Filchneria irani); Zwick, 1997: 495, fig. 7d (Filchneria irani); Mohammadian, 2008: 113–115, (Perlodes(Skobeleva) irani). Diagnosis. The male of F. irani is distinguished by the shape of the posterior margin of tergum 10, which is slightly elevated and its top smoothly rounded; the paraproctal sclerite is triangular and heavily sclerotized basally and along the outer edge, sclerotization narrowed distally, and indistinct at the apex. The female has a wide and short subgenital plate, its posterior margin slightly serrated; the lobes are poorly expressed, each lateral edge bears a small rounded protrusion directed to the side. Complementary description. Adult habitus. Color pattern of male and female on the head and pronotum is similar(Figs. 16,17, 20).Head is brown with pale spots.Most parts of clypeus are covered with a semicircular brownish spot; anterior edge, paired small spots on lateral clypeal margins near M-line bases, and small butterfly-shaped spot in front of anterior ocellus are pale. M-line brown, interocellar area brown, with a rather narrow longitudinal pale stripe slightly widened posteriorly. Occiput with transverse pale band extends along the epicranial stem and compound eyes (Figs. 16, 17, 20); a narrow and short black band surrounds each compound eye posterolaterally. Pronotum brown with pale median band widened posteriorly, anterior corners bear small pale spots, the pronotal rugosities are dark brown, sometimes indistinct (Figs. 17, 20). Male. Holotype. Brachypterous, wings not exceeding tergum 2 (Fig. 16). Coloration of abdominal terga corresponds to original description: large, yellowish quadrangular spot on sides of brown median line of terga 1–7 (Fig. 16). Dark medial line is obscured on terga 8–9, tergum 10 entirely yellowish. Tergum 7 bears two patches of sensilla basiconica on sides of dark medial line posteriorly; tergum 8 densely covered by sensilla basiconica posteromedially; the sensilla basiconica are also present on tergum 9, but they are solitary and scattered closer to the posterior tergal margin (Fig. 18). Posterior margin of tergum 10 slightly elevated, top smoothly rounded, dorsal surfaces covered with sensilla basiconica in the middle (Figs. 18, 19). Paraproct is triangular, wide at the base and narrowed to the apex. The paraproctal sclerite triangular, heavily sclerotized basally and along outer edge, narrowed to the apex, and indistinct; sclerotization along outer sclerite edge serrated, (Fig. 19); inner edge of paraproct is pale and membranous distally. Female. Paratype. Macropterous. Sternum 8 is dark brown in the anteromedian half, bears a pair of oblique, dark brown lateral sclerites surrounding a subgenital plate anterolaterally (Fig. 21). Subgenital plate wide and short, covering about one third of sternum 9; the posterior margin with a slight notch in the middle; the lobes are poorly expressed, enclosed with tiny, brown setae; each lobe at the lateral edge with a small, rounded, lateral protrusion, posterior half of subgenital plate brownish (Fig. 21). Sternum 9 is pale medially, with pair of rounded dark brown spots laterally extending to curve brown bands directed upward under the subgenital plate (Fig. 21). Sternum 10 pale with two small brown spots laterally. Paraprocts are triangular in shape, rounded at the apex. Egg. According to P. Zwick (1997) the egg measures 430×300 μm. Egg has almost parallel lateral margins before anterior pole, the anterior pole is arcuate, posterior one truncated, pedicel very short, the anchor plate flat, pan-shaped (Fig. 22). The chorion is not distinctive. Material examined. Holotype male, paratype female: Iran, prov. Ostan, Chaîne de l'Elbourz, Polur, 2800 m, 10.V. 1956. F. Schmid leg. (MZL). Distribution. Filchneria irani was collected by F. Schmid in northern Iran (Aubert 1964), in Polur village which is situated on the Haraz River in Mazandaran Province. The Haraz River originates from the east slope of Mount Damavand (5610 m asl), Central Elburz (Alborz) Mountain Range and flows in a relatively narrow valley into the Caspian Sea. Schmid has collected material until altitude 2800 m asl. This is the only record of F. irani, an apparently rare species, which is considered an endemic of the Elburz Mountains (Mohammadian 2008).Published as part of Teslenko, Valentina A. & Palatov, Dmitry M., 2023, Redescription of a few Filchneria Klapálek, 1908 (Plecoptera, Perlodidae) species on the type and fresh material, pp. 287-312 in Zootaxa 5277 (2) on pages 292-295, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5277.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/788983
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