1,935,051 research outputs found
Undang-undang dasar Republik Islam Iran
No full textBuku ini memuat undang-undang dasar negara Iran, bagi kamu yang ingin tahu dan menambah wawasan tentang negara Iran, cocok sekali untuk dibacaviii, 121 hlm, 20,9 x 13,6 c
Weighing Benefits and Costs of Military Action Against Iran
No full textFounding director Ambassador Edward P. Djerejian is a signatory to a recently released report that aims to offer an objective, nonpartisan analysis of the benefits and costs of using military force against Iran. The signatories -- former officials of the U.S. government and professionals in U.S. national security -- believe the report remains consistent with U.S. policy to maintain pressure Iran while holding open the possibility of reaching a political solution, without ruling out the use of military force. The report is published by The Iran Project, a nongovernmental organization that seeks to improve official contacts between the United States and Iranian governments
Iran and the Global Financial Crisis
No full textThe global financial crisis is set to depress oil producing economies. As the crisis is already pushing down oil prices, a firm response to the fallout of the crisis from governments and central banks is expected. Oil prices have tumbled more than 70% since their July peak and there are fears they could continue their plunge because of diminishing demand caused by the current financial meltdown. Though, the Iranian government does not seem to be greatly concerned about the ongoing global situation, although many Iranian economists believe that sanctions and the international financial crisis will soon be taking their toll on Iran’s economy by unfavorably affecting oil, trade, and trade financing. Even if the relative isolation from the world’s economy may seem to protect Iran from the negative impact of the global financial crisis to a certain extend at least for now, plunging oil prices and a massive credit deterioration suggest otherwise.Iran; Financial Crisis; Oil Revenue; Currency Exchange; Currency Crash
Talking Away the Crisis? The E3/EU-Iran Negotiations on Nuclear Issues. College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 6/2007, November 2007
No full textThe E3/EU-Iran negotiations on nuclear issues have been ongoing since summer 2003 with the aim to find a balance between Iran’s desire to establish a peaceful nuclear enrichment programme and satisfying the safeguards of the international community against the possible development of a nuclear weapons programme. This paper provides an analysis of these negotiations and draws the conclusion that the E3, and later the E3/EU, have entered the negotiations with Iran without a clear strategy or alternative outcomes, focusing only on ‘getting what they want’. It argues that in order to reach a mutually acceptable solution, the E3/EU needs to take a more pro-active stand in preparing the pre-negotiations and negotiations. It will be important to find a common formula. The E3/EU needs to create a win-win situation and end the crisis before it is too late
Ethnic and geographic differentiation of helicobacter pylori within Iran
No full textThe bacterium Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human stomach, with individual infections persisting for decades. The spread of the bacterium has been shown to reflect both ancient and recent human migrations. We have sequenced housekeeping genes from H. pylori isolated from 147 Iranians with well-characterized geographical and ethnic origins sampled throughout Iran and compared them with sequences from strains from other locations. H. pylori from Iran are similar to others isolated from Western Eurasia and can be placed in the previously described HpEurope population. Despite the location of Iran at the crossroads of Eurasia, we found no evidence that the region been a major source of ancestry for strains across the continent. On a smaller scale, we found genetic affinities between the H. pylori isolated from particular Iranian populations and strains from Turks, Uzbeks, Palestinians and Israelis, reflecting documented historical contacts over the past two thousand years
Poverty, Growth and Redistribution: A Case Study of Iran
No full textPoverty, Growth, Redistribution , Iran
Unemployment Conundrum in Iran
No full textThis paper examines the major causes of Iran’s unemployment conundrum using a simultaneous-equation model and annual time series data from 1968 to 2000. It is found that the rate of unemployment responds positively to output gap and increasing economic uncertainty and negatively to the higher growth rates of real investment and inflation, supporting the view that there exists a degree of trade-off between inflation and unemployment. However, since persistent and soaring inflation rates eventually lead to the chronic depreciation of the domestic currency and rising economic instability, it will be irrational to exploit this trade-off to fight against unemployment, particularly in the post-1979 revolution. Iran possesses one of the youngest populations in the world with approximately 40 per cent of its population less than 15 years. It is thus argued that if major tax and constitutional reforms are not undertaken, unemployment will continue to rise, depicting a sombre future for the next working age generation.Unemployment, Iran
Ethnic differences in transition to first marriage in Iran
No full textThis paper, using data from the 2000 Iran Demographic and Health Survey and a range of time-varying district-level contextual information derived from the 1986 and 1996 censuses of Iran, applies a discrete time hazard model to study ethnic differences in women’s transition to first marriage. The model specification accounts for both spatial and temporal changes in the socio-economic context of transition to marriage. We found ethnic-specific responses on women’s marriage timing to changes in the socio-economic context between the mid 1970s and 2000. Some ethnic groups appear to be more resistant to change despite sharing similar changes in their socio-economic context.development, education, ethnicity, Iran, marriage, marriage market, women status
Executive Summary: Weighing the Benefits and Costs of International Sanctions Against Iran
No full textThe executive summary of a nonpartisan report that aims to offer an objective analysis of the benefits and costs of international sanctions against Iran
Towards reflexive land and water management in Iran : linking technology, governance and culture
No full textKey words: Qanat, land and water, sustainability, Industrial and reflexive modernity This PhD thesis is concerned with the causes and consequences of the environmental crisis and explores possible trajectories towards sustainable land and water management in Iran and other countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The basic assumption underlying the conceptual framework of this thesis is that soil and water technologies, social institutions and environmental mentalities are strongly interconnected; they co-evolve, shaping and reshaping one another in the process. The main research question concerns the changes within this network of technologies, institutions and mentalities that are required for a successful transition from industrial modernity to what sociologists like Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens and Scott Lash have called ‘reflexive’ modernity. In order to examine the possibilities and problems of a reflexive turn in land and water management in Iran and other MENA-countries, large-scale empirical studies were conducted among farmers and village informants, soil and water experts, and policymakers. </p
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