3 research outputs found
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF CERTAIN PLANT SPECIES OF AGRA CITY
Get PDFPlant kingdom harbours an inexhaustible source of active ingredients invaluable in the management of many intractable diseases. Phytochemical techniques played a significant role in searching raw materials and resources for pharmaceutical industry. Preliminary Phytochemical tests are helpful in finding and locating chemical constituents which are source of pharmacologically active principles. Hence during the present study. Phytochemical screening of six native plants of Agra city i.e. Achyranthus aspera, Acalypha indica, Euphorbia hirta, Lindenbergia indica, Parthenium hysterophorus and Peristrophe bicalyculata were carried out by employing standard methods for conducting Qualitative phytochemical analysis for studying the presence of active compounds like Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, Glycosides, Phenols, Flavonoids, Anthroquinone, Terpenoids and Steroids. Ethanolic extract of Achyranthus aspera showed all of these phytocompounds except Tannins in comparison to other extracts. However ethanolic extracts of all plant species revealed the presence of most of the phytocompounds in comparison to other extracts tested. Successive isolation of phytocompounds from plant materials depended on the type of solvent used in extraction procedure. The qualitative changes in the Phytochemical analysis of tested plant species are correlated to methods of preparation. The plants tested are found to be potential due to the presence of various active principles among which Achyranthus aspera is found to be constituted of various primary & secondary metabolites which can be quantified for application in pharmaceutical industry
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF CERTAIN PLANT SPECIES DUE TO VARIOUS DRYING TREATMENTS
Get PDFPhytochemical analysis of the Indian medicinal plants to identify the therapeutically active chemical compounds in them and clinically testing for their efficacy and risks is an inescapable procedure, to provide new sources of natural products to the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, the phytochemical screening studies should be concentrated on the hitherto unexplored medicinal plants for their medicinal values. In the current study the leaves of different medicinal plants like Achyranthus aspera, Acalypha indica, Euphorbia hirta, Lindenbergia indica, Parthenium hysterophorus and Pesistrophe bicalyculata were taken for the chlorophyll and carotenoid estimation by the method of Jayaraman (1981). The leaves of the following plants were allowed to dry in an oven at different temperatures, time period and freeze drying. Oven drying was done at 50±10C for 9 hours and at 70±1ºC for 5 hours. Results obtained revealed that both the drying treatments affect/decrease the chlorophyll content of all the six plants. The maximum effect was seen in Euphorbia hirta (93.97%) for oven drying at 50±1ºC for 9 hours. The minimum effect was observed in Parthenium hysterophorus (21.68%) for oven drying at 70±1ºC for 5 hours and Achyranthus aspera (11.56%) for freeze drying. The leaf preparations treated by oven drying was found to have lower chlorophyll and carotenoid content as compared to freeze drying which in turn has lower chlorophyll content as compared to fresh extracts.Key words: Chlorophyll content, Drying treatments, and leaf extract.
Significant Implications of <i>APOA1</i> Gene Sequence Variations and Its Protein Expression in Bladder Cancer
No full textApolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) is a potential biomarker because of its variable concentration in different types of cancers. The current study is the first of its kind to evaluate the association between the APOA1 genotypes of −75 G/A and +83 C/T in tandem with the APOA1 protein expression in urine samples to find out the risk and potential relationship for differentially expressed urinary proteins and APOA1 genotypes. The study included 108 cases of bladder tumors and 150 healthy controls that were frequency matched to cases with respect to age, sex, and smoking status. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP and the urinary expression of the APOA1 protein was done using ELISA. Bladder tumor cases were significantly associated with the APOA1 −75 AA genotype (p APOA1 +83 C/T heterozygotes showed an association with cases (p p APOA1 −75AA were found more (70.0%) with a higher expression (≥20 ng/mL)of the APOA1 urinary protein and differed significantly against wild type GG (p = 0.03). Again, in low grade bladder tumors, urinary APOA1 protein was exhibited significantly more (52.4% vs. 15.4% high grade) with a higher expression (≥20 ng), while high grade tumor cases (84.6% vs. 47.5% low grade) showed a lower APOA1 expression (p = 0.002). A strong association was observed between APOA1 −75G/A and risk for bladder tumor and its relation to urinary protein expression, which substantiates its possible role as a marker for the risk assessment of the disease and as a promising diagnostic marker for different grades of malignant bladder tumors
