108 research outputs found
Navigating Thyroid Dysfunction and Comorbidities Among University Students in Abbottabad, Pakistan – A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Screening Tool for Thyroid Dysfunction
No full textAyesha Iqbal,1,2 Saira Azhar,3 Ghulam Murtaza,4 Rashida Bibi,5 Sana Samreen,6 Muhammad Mamoon Iqbal,7,8 Wajid Syed,9 Mahmood Basil A Al-Rawi10 1Division of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; 2Office of Lifelong Learning and the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G1C9, Canada; 3College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan; 4Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 54000, Pakistan; 5Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; 6Aurobindo College of Pharmacy, Warangal, Telangana, India; 7Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 22040, Pakistan; 8University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Balmoral Building Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square Leicester Leicestershire, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK; 9Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 10Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Wajid Syed, Email [email protected]: Thyroid dysfunction has a direct role in diagnosing, and assessment and indicates the development of thyroid carcinoma. This study aimed to assess thyroid dysfunction through medical camps in different age and sex groups in students of Comsats University Abbottabad Pakistan.Methods: In this study, a cross-sectional survey design was used. For data collection, a two-day medical camp was set in the Comsats University Abbottabad campus. The students were examined physically for symptoms of thyroid dysfunction using the survey questionnaire specifically designed for this study.Results: The current research revealed that 78 out of 1032 students, or 7.6% of the population, had thyroid disease. Although 39.3% (=406) were found to have low risk, followed by 36.7% (n=379) had moderate risk and 23.9% (n=247) had high risk of thyroid dysfunction. Altogether, 6.1% (n=63) of the students had high blood pressure (BP), 3.2% (n=33) had high cholesterolemia, 3.4% (n=33) had angina, and 0.9% (n=9) had diabetes mellitus (DM). In relation, students who exhibit signs and symptoms that last longer than five weeks include 42.2% (n=435) who felt the need for excessive sleep, 35.3% (n=364) who felt tired, 36.8% (n=380) who had trouble concentrating and 30.1% (n=311) who had palpitations. The high risk of thyroid being seen predominantly in students between the ages of 15– 20 years (31.2%, n=148), as opposed to other age groups (p=0.001). Similar to this, women having a higher risk of thyroid disease (26.5%) than men (22.8%) (p =0.001).Conclusion: In conclusion, few students suffer with thyroid found to have high risk of thyroid disease. This method of questionnaire-based screening for thyroid dysfunction is cost-effective, with no additive risk of adverse effects from excessive screening, and could help in the early detection of thyroid and help avoid excess costs related to thyroid dysfunction and cancer screening.Keywords: thyroid dysfunction, screening, medical camp, thyroid cance
تحریکِ آزادی میں اُردو زبان کا کردار
No full textٰIt is true fact that in freedom movement religious unity brother-hood, love for the mother-land can be seen in Urdu poetry which kindled resowting in the heart of Indian muslims. Urdu literature gave the people the motion which awakened the new spirit in desparate people. Iqbal enlighten the spirit of patriotism through his poetry in Muslims. He wrote thought provoking and inspiring poems, Prem Chand, Sa'aadat Hassan Manto, Ali Abbas Hussain, Krishan Chander, Asmat Chughtai, Rajendar Singh Baidi, Hoisted the flag of freedom through their writings. Unveil the conspiracies of British. Urdu language cannot be denied and forgotton which played a vital and key role, in the freedom movement
Thermal conductance of interfaces between titanium nitride and group IV semiconductors at high temperatures
No full textThis article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Samreen Khan, Xinping Shi, Joseph Feser, Richard Wilson; Thermal conductance of interfaces between titanium nitride and group IV semiconductors at high temperatures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 22 July 2024; 125 (4): 041601. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0220124 and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0220124.
© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
This article will be embargoed until 07/22/2025.Measuring the temperature dependence of material properties is a standard method for better understanding the microscopic origins for that property. Surprisingly, only a few experimental studies of thermal boundary conductance at high temperatures exist. This lack of high temperature data makes it difficult to evaluate competing theories for how inelastic processes contribute to thermal conductance. To address this, we report time domain thermoreflectance measurements of the thermal boundary conductance for TiN on diamond, silicon-carbide, silicon, and germanium between 120 and 1000 K. In all systems, the interface conductance increases monotonically without stagnating at higher temperatures. For TiN/SiC interfaces, ranges from 330 to 1000 MW/m2-K, with a room temperature conductance of 750 MW/m2-K. The interface conductance for TiN/diamond ranges from 140 to 950 MW/m2-K. Notably, for all four interfacial systems, the conductance continues to increase with temperature even after all phonon modes in the vibrationally soft material are thermally excited. This observation suggests that inelastic processes are significant contributors to the thermal conductance in all four interfacial systems, regardless of whether the materials forming the interface are vibrationally similar or dissimilar. Our study fills a notable gap in the literature for how interfacial conductance evolves at high temperatures and tests burgeoning theories for the role of inelastic processes in interfacial thermal transport.This work was supported as part of ULTRA, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0021230
قائد اعظم: نظریہ پاکستان اور استحکام پاکستان
No full textMuhammd Ali Jinnah Lawyer, Politician and Statesman an the founder of Pakistan Jinnah on and Iranian Postage Stamp Muhammad Ali Jinnah also spelled Muhammad (25 December 1876-11 September 1948 in Karachi, Present day Pakistan) is the founder of Pakistan. After the Partition of India, He became the Governer-General of Pakistan. As a mark of respect, Pakistan call him Quaide Azam(1) Quaide-Azam is a phrase which in the Urdu language means "The Great Leader" people called him Baba-I-Quam, Another phrase in the Urdu language which means "The father of nation".The day of his birth is a National holiday in Pakistan.(1) In the 19th century, the lan dwas incorporated into British India Pakistan's Political history began 1906 with the birth of all india muslim league. established in opposition to the indian Natinal congress party which is accused of failing to protect Muslim interests, amid neglect and under-re presentation." On 29 December 1930, Philosopher Sir Muhammad Iqbal Called for an autonomous new state in north western Indian for Indian Muslims The league rose in Popularity through the late 1930's Muhammad Ali Jinnah expoused the two Nation theory and led the league to adopt the Lahore resolution of 1940, demanding the informatin of independent states in east and west of British india. Eventually, a successful movement led by Jinnah resulted in the partition of Indian and independence from Britian on 14 August 1947
Isolation and Characterization of Agarolytic Bacteria from Marine Environment
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Prognostically significant fusion oncogenes in Pakistani patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their association with disease biology and outcome
No full textBackground and objectives: Chromosomal abnormalities play an important role in genesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and have prognostic implications. Five major risk stratifying fusion genes in ALL are BCR-ABL, MLL-AF4, ETV6-RUNX11, E2A-PBX1 and SIL-TAL1. This work aimed to detect common chromosomal translocations and associated fusion oncogenes in adult ALL patients and study their relationship with clinical features and treatment outcome. Methods: We studied fusion oncogenes in 104 adult ALL patients using RT-PCR and interphase-FISH at diagnosis and their association with clinical characteristics and treatment outcome. Results: Five most common fusion genes i.e. BCR-ABL (t 9; 22), TCF3-PBX1 (t 1; 19), ETV6-RUNX1 (t 12; 21), MLL-AF4 (t 4; 11) and SIL-TAL1 (Del 1p32) were found in 82/104 (79%) patients. TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene was associated with lymphadenopathy, SIL-TAL1 positive patients had frequent organomegaly and usually presented with a platelets count of less than . Survival of patients with fusion gene ETV6-RUNX1 was better when compared to patients harboring other genes. MLL-AF4 and BCR-ABL positivity characterized a subset of adult ALL patients with aggressive clinical behaviour and a poor outcome. Conclusions: This is the first study from Pakistan which investigated the frequency of5 fusion oncogenes in adult ALL patients, and their association with clinical features, treatment response and outcome. Frequencies of some of the oncogenes were different from those reported elsewhere and they appear to be associated with distinct clinical characteristics and treatment outcome. This information will help in the prognostic stratification and risk adapted management of adult ALL patients.Noreen Sabir, Zafar Iqbal, Aamer Aleem, Tashfeen Awan, Tahir Naeem, Sultan Asad, Ammara H Tahir, Muhammad Absar, Rana MW Hasanato, Sulman Basit, Muhammad Azhar Chishti, Muhammad Faiyaz Ul-Haque, Ahmad Muktar Khalid, Muhammad Farooq Sabar, Mahmood Rasool, Sajjad Karim, Mahwish Khan, Baila Samreen, Muhammad Hassan Siddiqi, Saba Shahzadi, Sana Shahbaz, Agha Shabbir Ali, Amer Mahmood, Muhammad Akram, Tariq Saeed, Arsalan Saleem, Danish Mohsin, Ijaz Hussain Shah, Muhammad Khalid, Muhammad Asif, Mudassar Iqbal, Tanveer Akhta
The role of consumer multiple identities in bank choice in Pakistan.
No full textIdentity via consumption has received much attention in academic research, however fewer studies are found on the role of multiple identities in consumption. This gap becomes wider when it comes to financial services consumption (banking in particular). Further, components of these multiple identities (personal, role and group) are yet to be explored in relation to consumer choice. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the theory of multiple identities by classifying and defining the components of each consumer multiple identities and exploring the role each of these identities play in consumers’ bank choice. The choice motivation between Islamic and Non-Islamic banks is explored in this regard, where Islamic banks provide the same services as Non-Islamic banks but with an exception of paying/earning any interest. Previous studies have found culture and religion to play a strong role in the formation of multiple identities, thus the author will also investigate the influence of culture (role of family) and religion (religious beliefs, commitment and affiliation) on consumers’ multiple identities and hence on their bank choice. Pakistan is chosen as the context of this study because 1) the presence of Islamic and Non-Islamic banks; 2) Pakistan is a country which was found in the name of religion and thus there is strong presence of religious values in the country; and 3) Pakistan is considered to be an under researched country in the area of consumption, which made it the best suited context for this study. Adopting a qualitative approach, the author conducted 39 semi-structured interviews with Pakistani bank consumers, and the data was analysed thematically using NVIVO 10. Data analyses revealed four key findings. First, religious identity, role of being son/daughter and career identity were the salient consumer identities in relation to bank choice. Second, while defining the components of these multiple identities, the author found that; religious identity was comprised of religious beliefs, role of religion and spirituality. Parents’ happiness, importance of parents and father vs mother made up the role identity of being son/daughter. Whereas moving out, ambitious; future oriented, and making parents proud were grouped under career identity. Third, the role identity of son/daughter was considered to be the most relevant in terms of the consumption of the services of Islamic banks. Fourth, the overlapping nature of cultural and religious influences gave rise to identity conflict in participants’ lives. The author therefore found two types of identity conflict in relation to participants’ bank choice: inter and intra identity conflict. This study contributes to the theory of multiple identities, consumption and financial services literature. First, by investigating different level of identities enacted by consumers via their consumption behaviour. Second, by identifying components of each of these multiple identities. Third, the author discovered a conflict among and between multiple identities, labelled inter and intra identity conflict for the purpose of this study. The fourth contribution to the theory of multiple identities is on what made some identities salient over the others. Similarly, this study also contributes to the existing debate of the precedence of religion over culture and vice versa in the consumption research. Finally, this is one of the first studies to explore the topic of multiple identities in the context of financial services, hence contributing to the consumption literature of banking choice. This study has implications for the banking sector in Pakistan. Islamic banks should design their communication strategies using sound Islamic tangible cues to improve the congruence between their banks and consumers. This will also help to address consumers’ identity conflict. Future research can further explore the identities of Islamic banks and its alignment with consumer identities utilising big sample data
Obstetric Restless Legs Syndrome in Industrialized Area of Pakistan
No full textObjective:To determine the frequency of obstetrics Restless legs syndrome(RLS) in industrialized area of Karachi and to identifypossible risk factors of RLS in Pakistani population.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was carried out in a Teaching Hospital from 1st January 2013 to 31st January2014.All pregnant women of 20- 44 years old in first trimester without peripheral vascular disease, painful legs, peripheralneuropathy, nocturnal leg cramps and moving toes were enrolled in the study. A close-ended questionnaire developed fromInternational RLS Study Group was used.The diagnosis of RLS was then ascertained by the obstetrician by using the criteriaof the International RLS Study Group and they were labeled as “RLS sufferers and were kept in RLS group while others thatis non RLS sufferers were kept in the healthy group. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed usingSPSS Statistical Software 17.Results:During a period of thirteen months, 900 pregnant women were interviewed and examined out of these 85.7% fulfilledthe criteria and constituted the study population. Out of these 31.90 % were RLS suffers. Among RLS suffers 55% were residentof industrialized area. The majority of RLS suffers were multigravida and in their advance pregnancies.Conclusion: The frequency of obstetrics Restless legs syndrome (RLS) in industrialized area of Karachi is 31.90 % Possiblerisk factors of RLS in Pakistani population are multigravidity, advance pregnancy, industrialized area etc
Broad‐spectrum inhibitory effect of green synthesised silver nanoparticles from <i>Withania somnifera</i> (L.) on microbial growth, biofilm and respiration: a putative mechanistic approach
No full textThe Dynamic Effects of Fiscal Policy Shocks in Pakistan
No full textThis study investigates the dynamic effects of fiscal policy shocks in Pakistan by using structural vector auto-regressive (SVAR) model for annual time series data from 1972 to 2014. To identify the effects of fiscal shocks on macro economy, four different identification approaches has been used i.e. Recursive approach, Blanchard and Perotti approach, Sign Restriction and Event Study approach for two different lags. Both sets of impulse responses gives the same results and support Mountford and Uhlig (2005) that different lag order has no effects on the whole results. While the impulse responses of all identification approaches give different results criticized Caldara and Kamps (2006) that different identification methods given the same results. The most common results provided both government expenditure and revenue shocks showed that an expansionary fiscal policy increased output only for short and medium term at the cost of high prices and have no significant effects in the long run
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