6 research outputs found
Dysphaea vanida Hämäläinen, Dow & Stokvis, 2015, spec. nov.
No full textDysphaea vanida spec. nov. (Figs. 12, 16, 29 –30, 34, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 62, 68, 74, 81–82, 86) Dysphaea dimidiata Selys forma (?);— Asahina (1985: 34, 36, Figs. 45 –47, 67, ‘South Thailand’). Dysphaea dimidiata [nec Selys, 1853]; Asahina (1981: 6; same specimens as above);— Asahina (1990: 10 –11, 17, Figs. 40–41; Ranong and Chumphon);— Hämäläinen & Pinratana (1999: 29, 123, part; records from Tak, Kanchanaburi and Ranong);— Michalski (1992: 61, Kanchanaburi);— Donnelly (1998: 140, Tak);— Donnelly (2000: 162, Kanchanaburi);— Khunwiset & Chanpaisaeng (2002: 193, Kanchanaburi);— Kitagawa & Katatani (2005: 26, 27, Figs. 9–10, Kanchanaburi). Dysphaea walli [nec Fraser, 1927];— Hämäläinen (1988: 24, Kanchanaburi); Hämäläinen (1989: 34, Ranong). Material studied: Holotype ♂: Thailand, Ranong province, Khlong Nakha, Khlong Bang Man, alt. 20–40 m, 12– 13 v 1999, leg. M. Hämäläinen. Deposited at RMHN, Leiden. Paratypes (30 ♂, 2 ♀, all from Thailand), deposited in Coll. Hämäläinen, if not otherwise stated; 4 ♂, Ranong, same data as for holotype; 3 ♂, as above, but date 8–10 ii 1988; 2 ♂, as above, but date 10–11 iv 1998; 1 ♂, as above, but date 9–11 iv 2000; 2 ♂ (in RMNH: RMNH.INS.505755, 505749), as above, but date 25–26 iii 2001; 2 ♂ (1 ♂ in RMNH, RMNH.INS. 505799, as above, but date 8–12 v 2002; 1 ♂ (in RMNH: RMNH.INS. 505742), as above, but date 5 iv 2003; 2 ♂, Kanchanaburi province, Thong Pha Phum District, Lam Khlong Ngu, alt. 490 m, 3 x 1986, leg. M. Hämäläinen; 3 ♂, as above but date 8–9 v 1999, leg. M. Hämäläinen; 2 ♂ (in Coll. Dow), as above, but date 4–6 v 2002; 2 ♂ (in RMNH, RMNH.INS.509984, 509985), as above but date 25 v 2003; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (in tandem), Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum District, Nang Kroan, alt. 600 m, 20 x 1999, leg. M. Hämäläinen; 1 ♂, Thong Pha Phum District (obviously Lam Khlong Gnu), 1990 s, ex. coll. A. Pinratana; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tak province, Mae La Mao, 6 v 1998, ex coll. A. Pinratana; 1 ♂ (in Coll. André Günther), Surat Thani province, Khao Sok, Sok river, 22 ii 2001, leg. A. Günther; 1 ♂ (in Coll. André Günther), Surat Thani, Khao Sok, Bang Laen river, 21 ii 2001, leg. A. Günther; 1 ♂ (in Coll. André Günther), Phangnga province, Khao Lak, Bang Niang river, 9 iv 2009, leg. A. Günther. Other material. Earlier the first author has studied ca. 30 male specimens, collected in 1987–2003 by Bro. Amnuay Pinratana and his co-workers in the same sites as the paratypes from Ranong, Kanchanaburi and Tak provinces. These specimens are preserved at Insect Museum at St Gabriel’s College (Bangkok), which houses Pinratana’s collection. Etymology. The species epithet is based on the common Thai girl name Vanida. In Thai the name means ‘girl’. The name is a noun in apposition and is not named after any particular person. Diagnosis. A narrow winged Dysphaea species, males of which have only a small opaque patch at the wing base. Wing tips narrowly darkened. Description of holotype male (Fig. 12). Head: Labium, labrum, base of mandibles and clypeus shining black, frons and vertex matt black. Thorax: Synthorax matt black with rather obscure, narrow, brownish stripes on sides as in Fig. 16. The upper stripe on mesepimeron, below the humeral suture, very narrow. Venter of thorax without tiny tubercles on poststernum. Legs wholly black, except posterior corner of hind coxa brownish. Wings: Basal area of wings opaque black, with slight violet lustre. In Fw opaque area extends to half way between base and nodus. In Hw basal opaque area extends slightly more apicad, over half way between base and nodus. Tips of wings narrowly opaque, in Hw slightly more extensively than Fw (cf. Fig. 29). Venation typical for the genus. Fw with 33–34 antenodals in first row; Hw correspondingly with 26–27 antenodals. Quadrangle with 0– 1 crossveins in Fw, 1–2 in Hw. Cubital field with 3 crossveins in Fw and Hw, all crossveins in the apical half of the field. Pterostigma long and narrow, broadest in middle; covering 9–11 underlying cells. Abdomen: Matt black, with obscure remnants of brownish lateral stripes on S 2 –S 4. Small pale dorsolateral markings at base of S 3 –S 6. Appendages black; cerci in dorsal and ventral view of typical shape for genus; in lateral view ventral margin of cercus distinctly arched (Figs. 34, 40). In oblique dorsal view, cerci clearly broader in the middle part (Fig. 36). Paraprocts rudimentary. Penis: Terminal segment with two long, flat, rectangular, apical arms directed straight upwards on either side of shaft, then outwards and downwards (Figs. 44, 48). Measurements (mm): Fw 35, Hw 33, abdomen (apps. excl.) 36, cerci 2. Description of female. Based on a specimen collected in tandem with a male paratype at Nang Kroan in Kanchanaburi (Fig. 52). Head: Labium shining black with lateral lobes and sides of middle lobe yellow in basal half. Labrum shining black, with yellow marking in centre, indented with black basally. Base of mandibles largely yellow with black incomplete stripe medially. Clypeus shining black with three tiny yellow spots along ridge. Frons matt black with broad yellow band throughout antefrons, colour contiguous with yellow genae (Fig. 56). Antennae black. Yellow of genae extends almost to the level of lateral ocelli. Vertex and occiput matt black, with two tiny yellow spots on occiput. Eyes in life chestnut brown above, pale greenish below. Thorax: Prothorax black with a row of tiny yellow spots on anterior lobe, rounded large yellow spots on either side of dorsum of middle lobe and a tiny spot medially. Posterior part of hind lobe raised obliquely upwards to form an elongate rectangular flap with prominent lateral ends (Fig. 62). Flap long, the median part slightly more than half length of entire hind lobe, with narrow yellow median stripe and with ends broadly yellow laterally. Synthorax matt black, with pale (pale greenish in life) stripes as in Figs. 68, 74. Stripes on mesepisternum and metepimeron forming a complete loop. Legs black, with yellow markings on posterior side of coxae. Wings: Hyaline with slightly brownish tinge, especially at tips of wings. Fw with 31 antenodals in the first row; Hw with 26–27. Quadrangle with 1–2 cross veins in Fw, 2–3 in Hw. Pterostigma long, covering 8–9 underlying cells. Abdomen: Matt black, with pale (pale greenish in life) markings as follows: S 1 with large lateral spot, covering most of the side of segment. S 2–7 with lateral stripes, broadest on S 2–3 and gradually narrowing towards the apical segments. Obscure tiny lateral spot on S 8 and a little larger, distinct lateral spot at S 9. Appendages black. Measurements (mm): Hw 33, abdomen 31 (apps. excl.), cerci 1. Variation in male paratypes. In some specimens the pale markings on synthorax and on sides of the basal abdominal segments are more distinct, clearly an age-dependent character. In younger specimens the small yellowish dorsolateral markings at the base of S 3–6 are more distinct (cf. Figs. 81–82). The extent of the opaque area in the wings is somewhat variable. In some specimens from the type locality the opaque basal area in the Fw extends only one third of the length of area between base and nodus and in the Hw less than half of this distance. In one specimen from the type locality the opaque patch on wings is very small, reaching only to the apical end of quadrangle (Fig. 30). A specimen from the same site with quite similarly reduced wing patches was illustrated by Asahina (1990, Fig. 40 on p. 17). In a few specimens from Kanchanaburi the opaque area is slightly more extensive than in the holotype, in the Fw reaching over the half way of the distance between base and nodus, in the Hw reaching to the level of 7 cells before the nodus. There is also slight variability in venational details. Measurements (mm): Hw 33–35, abdomen (excl. cerci) 38–39.5. Variation in female paratypes. Specimen from Tak is slightly larger in size; Hw 34 mm, abdomen 32 (apps. excl.) mm, cerci 1 mm. Colour pattern of body and wings is quite similar. Fw with 33–35 antenodals in the first row; Hw with 25–27. Quadrangle with 1–2 crossveins in Fw, 2–3 in Hw. Pterostigma long, covering 8–11 underlying cells. Distinguishing characters. Male: D. vanida is easy to separate from D. dimidiata by the less extensive basal opaque area in both wings. The shape of the cerci of these two species differs, clearly broader in the middle in D. vanida (Fig. 36) than in D. dimidiata (Fig. 35) in oblique dorsal view. The extent of the basal opaque patch on wings of D. vanida resembles that of the north Burmese species D. walli Fraser, 1927, and the Indochinese and southern Chinese D. basitincta Martin, 1904. However, in D. walli the wing tips are hyaline and the wings (Fig. 75) are proportionally considerably broader than in D. vanida (Figs. 29–30). D. walli has more distinct pale markings on the thorax and abdomen (Fig. 75–76); according to the description by Fraser (1927, 1934) the markings on the abdomen are pale blue. Fraser’s (1927) description of D. walli was based on four male specimens from ‘Maymyo, North Shan States, Upper Burma’. Only the holotype is available at BMNH (Kimmins 1966); the three paratypes appear to be lost. D. basitincta is larger in size (Hw 37–41 mm), and the opaque area in wing tips is larger (Fig. 77). The penis structure of D. basitincta is entirely different, the apical arms not being extended laterally but curled downwards close to the stem (cf. Wilson & Reels 2001: 158, Figs. 8–9). Female: The female resembles that of D. dimidiata quite closely, but the wing tip is not as distinctly darkened as in D. dimidiata.Published as part of Hämäläinen, Matti, Dow, Rory A. & Stokvis, Frank R., 2015, Revision of the Sundaland species of the genus Dysphaea Selys, 1853 using molecular and morphological methods, with notes on allied species (Odonata: Euphaeidae), pp. 451-490 in Zootaxa 3949 (4) on pages 476-482, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3949.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24346
Severity of silent myocardial ischemia on ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in patients with stable angina pectoris: Relation to prognostic determinants during exercise stress testing and coronary angiography
No full textAbstractThe relation of silent ischemia in patients with stable angina to known predictors of severity of coronary disease on exercise stress testing and coronary angiography is poorly defined. This issue was therefore examined with use of Holter electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings, treadmill exercise tests and angiographic indexes in 102 patients (not taking antianginal therapy) and the results were compared with Holter and treadmill findings in 42 volunteers.A total of 159 ischemic episodes (90% silent) were identified during 2,503 h on Holter recording in 97 patients (mean duration per episode 22.7 ± 147 min; range 1 to 234). Holter recordings had a 92% specificity and an 80% positive predictive value, but a sensitivity of only 37% and a negative predictive value of 27% for coronary disease. Sixty-three patients (Group I) had no ischemia on Holter recording, 22 (Group II) had a cumulative duration of 1 to 60 min/24 h and in 12 (Group III) ischemia exceeded 60 min/24 h. There was no significant correlation between cumulative ischemia duration on Holter recording and exercise duration or time to ST segment depression on treadmill exercise. In general, the greater the number of coronary vessels involved and the higher the proximal coronary artery stenosis score, the greater the likelihood of ischemia and the longer the cumulative ischemia duration on Holter recording. Irrespective of the severity of coronary disease, in about 25% of Holter recordings in each angiographic category there were no ischemic episodes.The 12 patients in Group III (ischemia duration >60 min/24 h) had a 3-fold greater probability of having three vessel or left mainstem disease and a 4- to 7-fold greater probability of having a higher proximal segment coronary stenosis index (p < 0.003 and p < 0.004, respectively). Thus, evidence of prolonged ischemia on Holter ECG recording increases the likelihood that a patient has multivessel coronary disease but its absence is of little predictive value
Variability of indexes for myocardial ischemia: A comparison of exercise treadmill test, ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and symptoms of myocardial ischemia
No full textAbstractFifty-four patients with chronic stable angina were studied to determine and compare weekly variability of indexes for the detection of myocardial ischemia. All patients underwent three single-blind placebo periods, each lasting 1 week. An exercise treadmill test, 24 h ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring (analyzed blindly) and an accurate diary of anginal attacks and nitroglycerin use were obtained at the end of each placebo period. An unbalanced, completely random component of variance analysis was used to calculate a component for within subject variability and a component for among subject variability.The coefficient of variation and percent variation (within subjects) of onset of chest pain during exercise were 19% and 30%, respectively; the corresponding values were 28% and 33% for onset of 1 mm ST depression, 15% and 15% for exercise duration, 44% and 27% for number of ischemic episodes/24 h, 56% and 43% for anginal frequency and 55% and 27% for nitroglycerin consumption, respectively. With use of this statistical method and variation within subjects, the change in the value of each variable necessary to exceed those attributable to spontaneous variation was determined. The trade-off between repeated measurements and number of subjects, the sample size estimated for planning studies and the minimal sample size for using various designs were also determined.Although the data indicate that all indexes for myocardial ischemia, both during exercise and during daily activity, vary considerably, but the exercise variables have less variability and are more reproducible. The number of ischemic episodes on Holter monitoring has less spontaneous variability than does anginal frequency or nitroglycerin consumption; however, the duration of ischemic episodes detected by Holter monitoring is the most variable index
Abolition of holter monitor-detected silent myocardial ischemia after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
No full textTwenty-four hour Holter ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings were obtained before and after successful coronary angioplasty in 36 patients. Twenty-five patients had one vessel, 10 had two vessel and 1 had three vessel coronary artery disease. Holter monitordetected myocardial ischemia, defined as ST segment depression or elevation ≥1 mm, was present in 10 patients (28%). These 10 patients had a total of 39 ischemic episodes of 3 to 144 minutes' duration, with a total cumulative duration of 398 minutes. None of the 10 had Holter monitor-detected ischemia after successful angioplasty (p < 0.01). Treadmill exercise duration increased by 29% after coronary angioplasty (p < 0.01), and peak exercise heart rate-systolic blood pressure product increased by 27% (p < 0.01).Thus, Holter monitor-detected myocardial ischemia is a relatively uncommon finding in patients with predominant single vessel coronary artery disease undergoing coronary angioplasty. When such ischemia is present, it is eliminated by successful coronary angioplasty
Prognostic significance of silent myocardial ischemia in patients with unstable angina
No full textSilent myocardial ischemia is common in unstable angina, but its prognostic significance is unknown. Fifty-two (42 with subsequent angiography) of 81 patients prospectively evaluated for unstable angina had ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) recordings analyzed by compact analog technique after they had received medical treatment (3 of the 52 had unanalyzable recordings and were excluded). From 1,103 hours of recordings, 298 ischemic episodes were identified, only 9% associated with angina. By Ridit analysis a significant correlation was found between the cumulative duration of transient myocardial ischemia and the number of diseased coronary vessels and indexes of proximal stenosis.During a 3 to 6 month follow-up period, there was one death and one patient was lost to follow-up among 20 patients without transient ischemia; in the group of 11 patients with a cumulative duration of transient ischemia <60 minutes/24 h, 7 were alive and well, 2 required coronary bypass surgery, 1 had coronary angioplasty for recurrence of angina and 1 was lost to follow-up. In the group of 18 patients with ischemia duration >60 minutes/24 h, only 1 developed a stable angina pattern; 12 required coronary surgery (n = 11) or angioplasty (n = 1) and 5 developed myocardial infarction (2 died, 2 needed surgery for postinfarction angina and 1 recovered).A favorable clinical outcome occurred in only 6% of patients in the group with ischemia duration >60 minutes/24 h; this rate was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than that (70%) for the group with ischemia duration 60 minutes/24 h or that (95%) for the group without ischemia. In patients who underwent coronary surgery or angioplasty, ischemia was abolished. Thus, silent ischemia persisting after medical therapy of unstable angina is associated with an adverse short-term prognosis
Bromate reduction by iron(II) during managed aquifer recharge: A laboratory-scale study
No full textThe removal of bromate (BrO3 -) as a byproduct of ozonation in subsequent managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems has so far gained little attention. This preliminary study with anoxic batch experiments was executed to explore the feasibility of chemical BrO3 - reduction in Fe-reducing zones of MAR systems and to estimate potential inhibition by NO3 -. Results show that the reaction rate was affected by initial Fe2+/BrO3 - ratios and by pH. The pH dropped significantly due to the hydrolysis of Fe3+ to hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) flocs. These HFO flocs were found to adsorb Fe2+, especially at high Fe2+/BrO3 - ratios, whereas at low Fe2+/BrO3 - ratios, the mass sum loss of BrO3 - and Br- indicated intermediate species formation. Under MAR conditions with relatively low BrO3 - and Fe2+ concentrations, BrO3 - can be reduced by naturally occurring Fe2+, as the extensive retention time in MAR systems will compensate for the slow reaction kinetics of low BrO3 - and Fe2+ concentrations. Under specific flow conditions, Fe2+ and NO3 - may co-occur during MAR, but NO3 - hardly competes with BrO3 -, since Fe2+ prefers BrO3 - over NO3 -. However, it was found that when NO3 - concentration exceeds BrO3 - concentration by multiple orders of magnitude, NO3 - may slightly inhibit BrO3 - reduction by Fe2+.Sanitary Engineerin
