530 research outputs found
Higher Dietary Non-enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity Is Associated with Decreased Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Japanese Adults
No full textFew studies have assessed associations of non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) in the overall diet with all-cause or specific mortality, and their results have been inconsistent
The Validity and Reproducibility of Dietary Non-enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity Estimated by Self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaires
No full textHigh dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) has been inversely related to the incidence of degenerative diseases. However, few studies have investigated the validity and reproducibility of dietary NEAC estimated from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We assessed the validity and reproducibility of FFQ-based dietary NEAC against a dietary record (DR)
Risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer in Japan - results from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study cohort
No full textEpidemiology of Gastric Cancer—Changing Trends and Global Disparities
No full textOverall, the past century has seen a substantial decline in gastric cancer, attributable to decreases in risk factors such as H. pylori infection, tobacco smoking, and the intake of salt-preserved food. One potential preventive strategy for those at high risk is H. pylori eradication for infected subjects, but confirmation of this effect awaits longer follow-up. Obesity continues to advance and may cause increases in cardia cancer, particularly in Western populations, and careful monitoring of this outcome is warranted in both Western and Asian populations. These changes in gastric cancer epidemiology foreshadow a new era in gastric cancer control and warrant further monitoring of descriptive patterns and risk factors
Abstract 5307: Analysis of volatile organic compounds for the diagnosis of lung cancer
No full textAbstract
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. The prognosis of lung cancer depends on disease detection at an early stage. Recently, effectiveness of lung cancer screening by using low dose computed tomography scanning have been showing. However, it still has problems such as cost of screening and radiation exposure. Thus, less invasive and cost beneficial lung cancer screening procedure would be needed. In this context, several study to understand the efficacy of molecules from expiration of patients as a lung cancer screening were showing, but it was still controversial. In this study, we investigated to determine whether volatile organic compounds (VOC) from patients could be used for the detection for lung cancer by using novel small and unique absorbent material named MonoTrap .
Method: The subjects’ gas was collected from skin and exhaled breath in a MonoTrap (GL sciences), and the VOCs were analyzed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS). First of all, we preliminary analyzed for both sample from skin and exhaled breath for 12 patients and 11 healthy volunteers to clarify which samples were more sensitive to diagnose lung cancer. Subsequently, each VOC was determined in detail for 7 healthy individuals and 4 lung cancer patients and these values were statistically analyzed.
Results: By preliminary study, characteristics of VOC derived from skin were significantly correlated with cancer condition as compared with healthy volunteer by using comprehensive multivariate analysis. Therefore, we performed further quantitative analysis by targeting unique individual molecules derived from skin. In VOCs from skin, Mann-Whitney U test showed that 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, hexadecane, and acetamide were significantly higher in lung cancer patients (p=0.036, p=0.006, p=0.036, respectively).
Conclusion: In this study, we found that 3 kinds of VOCs could be a potential diagnostic biomarkers of lung cancer. Further prospective study is now planning to validate these data using large number samples.
Citation Format: Takuya Inoue, Hironori Takagi, Yuki Owada, Yuzuru Watanabe, Mitsuro Fukuhara, Takumi Yamaura, Satoshi Muto, Naoyuki Okabe, Yuki Matsumura, Takeo Hasegawa, Takeda Manami, Atsushi Sato, Hiroyuki Suzuki. Analysis of volatile organic compounds for the diagnosis of lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5307. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5307</jats:p
Body Mass Index and Diabetes in Asia: A Cross-Sectional Pooled Analysis of 900,000 Individuals in the Asia Cohort Consortium
No full textAbstract 2282: Smoking and alcohol and the risk of myelodysplastic syndrome: The JPHC study
No full textAbstract
Background. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem cells that are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, multilineage dysplasia, peripheral cytopenias, and susceptibility to leukemic transformation. Even without progression to leukemia, there is substantial morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a better understanding of the etiology of this disease can lead to a significant reduction in the incidence and the mortality as a consequence, but it remains largely unknown. Smoking and alcohol are important modifiable risk factors for human cancers. However, only a few epidemiological studies have investigated their association with the risk of MDS. Here, we evaluated the association of smoking and alcohol consumption and the risk of MDS in a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan.
Methods. We included 95,950 Japanese subjects (45,451 men and 50,059 women; age 40-69 years at baseline) of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study who completed a questionnaire about their smoking and alcohol habits. During 18.3 years of follow-up, we identified 70 MDS cases (50 men and 20 women). We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using the Cox proportional hazards model to describe the relative risk of MDS associated with the smoking categories at baseline (never smokers, former smokers, current smokers, ever smokers of &lt;30 and ≥30 pack-years) and the drinking categories at baseline (non-drinkers, occasional drinkers, and regular drinkers of 1-299 or ≥300 g/week of ethanol) after adjustment for potential confounders.
Results. Smoking was marginally associated with an increased risk of MDS among men, with a HR for current smokers relative to never smokers of 2.11 (95% CI: 0.91-4.89). This risk increase was also observed in ever smokers with more than 30 pack-years compared to never smokers (HR=2.22, 0.95-5.19). A linear increase in HR with increasing pack-years was also seen, albeit without statistical significance (p-trend=0.083). In contrast, alcohol consumption was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in the risk of MDS among men (nondrinkers: reference, occasional drinkers: HR=0.48, 0.16-1.43; 0-299 g/week: HR=0.37, 0.19-0.74; ≥300 g/week: HR=0.45, 0.20-0.99, p for trend=0.008). All types of alcohol beverages (sake, distilled spirit and beer) consistently showed a protective effect. We also explored a possible interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption, but no obvious interaction was observed.
Conclusions. This study showed that alcohol has a significant protective effect on the risk of MDS among Japanese men. In addition, this study also provides evidence that smoking increases the risk of MDS among Asian population, as it does among Western populations. Previous findings on the association between alcohol and the risk of MDS have been inconsistent, and further investigation across multiple populations is needed.
Citation Format: Tomotaka Ugai, Keitaro Matsuo, Norie Sawada, Motoki Iwasaki, Taiki Yamaji, Taichi Shimazu, Shizuka Sasazuki, Manami Inoue, Yoshinobu Kanda, Shoichiro Tsugane. Smoking and alcohol and the risk of myelodysplastic syndrome: The JPHC study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2282. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2282</jats:p
Body Mass Index, Body Height, and Subsequent Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Middle-Aged and Elderly Japanese Men and Women: Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study
No full textEffect of Cross-Pollination and Several Overcoming Treatments for Self-Incompatibility on Pollen Tube Growth in Pistils of ^|^lsquo;Pione^|^rsquo; Grapes
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