121,938 research outputs found
COMBINED USE OF OPEN-AIR AND INDOOR FUMIGATION SYSTEMS TO STUDY EFFECTS OF SO-2 ON LEACHING PROCESSES IN SCOTS PINE LITTER
No full textBoth an open-air fumigation system and a laboratory-based system were used to expose decomposing Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles to controlled concentrations of SO2 (arithmetric mean less-than-or-equal-to 48 nl litre-1) during a period, in total, of 301 days. The experimental design involved reciprocal litter transplants from 'clean' to 'polluted' air and vice versa, using the two fumigation systems. The objectives were (1) to observe the effects of SO2 on leachate and litter chemistry, (2) to assess whether pollution-induced changes are reversible in clean air, and (3) to test the suitability of small-scale fumigation chambers (litter microcosms) compared with open-air systems in soil studies.Through the formation of SO4(2-) ions, dry-deposited SO2 exhibited a marked capacity to remove 'base' cations (Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+) from decomposing pine needles, and also to acidify litter leachates (as indicated by proton fluxes from the litter). When litter was transferred from polluted air (48 nl litre-1 SO2, in the open-air system) to either clean or polluted air in the laboratory, the effects of prior exposure to SO2 on leachate composition were still evident even after 86 days: the role of base cation depletion within the litter, caused by SO42- -induced leaching, is discussed.Data for SO42- fluxes in leachates collected from the small-scale chambers indicated that dry deposition velocities for SO2 were not anomalously high within this fumigation system. It is therefore concluded that microcosm studies can provide information complementary to the open-air fumigation approach in soils research.</p
Incidence, location and reasons for avoidable in-hospital cardiac arrest in a district general hospital
No full textAims: To determine the incidence of avoidable cardiac arrest among patients who had received resuscitation in a district general hospital. To establish how location and individual or system factors influence avoidable cardiac arrest in order to develop an evidence-based preventive strategy. Methods: Expert panel review of case-notes from 139 consecutive adult in-hospital cardiac arrests over 1 year. Results: There were 32348 adult admissions in 1999 with 1023 deaths. The cardiac arrest team was activated 139 times: 118 were for primary in-hospital cardiac arrest. The cardiac arrest rate excluding ‘do not attempt resuscitation’ (DNAR) cases was 3.8/1000 admissions. In 88.5% of deaths there was a DNAR policy. Survival to hospital discharge following resuscitation was 14%. Among the 118 cases, the panel unanimously agreed that 61.9% of arrests were potentially avoidable, rising to 68% when emergency department arrests were excluded (66 and 73% for majority opinion). Cardiac arrests were more likely at the weekend than during the week (P=0.02). The odds of potentially avoidable cardiac arrest was 5.1 times greater for patients in general wards than critical care areas (P<0.001); patients in critical care areas were more likely to survive (P<0.001). The odds of potentially avoidable cardiac arrest was 12.6 times greater for patients nursed in a clinical area judged ‘inappropriate’ for their main complaint (P<0.002, Fisher's exact test) compared to those nursed in ‘appropriate’ areas. The panel agreed that 100% of potentially avoidable arrests were judged to have received inadequate prior treatment. Clinical signs of deterioration in the preceding 24 h were not acted upon in 48%, and review was confined to a house officer in 45%. Conclusion: The majority of treated in-hospital cardiac arrests are potentially avoidable. Multiple system failures include delays and errors in diagnosis, inadequate interpretation of investigations, incomplete treatment, inexperienced doctors and management in inappropriate clinical areas.Objectivo: Determinar a incidência de paragens cardíacas evitáveis entre as vítimas de PCR que foram alvo de manobras de reanimação cardio-respiratória (RCR) num hospital distrital. Estabelecer a eventual relação entre o local da PCR e factores individuais e do sistema que possam relacionar-se com as PCR evitáveis, desenvolvendo desta forma uma estratégia preventiva com base na evidência. Métodos: Um painel de peritos reviu as notas de 139 PCR intra-hospitalares consecutivas em adultos durante um ano. Resultados: Houve 32348 admissões de adultos em 1999 com 1023 mortes. A equipa de paragem cardíaca foi activada 139 vezes: 118 por PCR intra-hospitalar primária. A taxa de paragem cardíaca excluindo os casos ‘do not attempt resuscitation’ (DNAR) foi de 3.8/1000 admissões. Em 88.5% das mortes existia uma política de DNAR. A sobrevivência à alta hospitalar após reanimação foi de 14%. Entre os 118 casos, os peritos do painel concordaram unanimemente que 61.9% das paragens eram potencialmente evitáveis, aumentando para 68% quando foram excluídas as paragens cardíacas no departamento de Emergência (66 e 73% por opinião da maioria). As paragens cardíacas eram mais prováveis ao fim de semana do que durante a semana (P=0.02). A taxa de paragem cardíaca potencialmente evitável foi 5.1 vezes superior para os pacientes em enfermarias gerais do que para os pacientes em áreas de cuidados críticos (P<0.001); os pacientes em áreas de cuidados críticos tinham maior probabilidade de sobreviver (P<0.001). A taxa de paragens cardíacas potencialmente evitáveis foi 12.6 vezes superior para vítimas a quem eram prestados cuidados em áreas clínicas julgadas como ‘inapropriadas’ para a sua queixa principal (P<0.002, teste exacto de Fisher) comparativamente com aqueles a quem foram prestados cuidados em áreas consideradas ‘apropriadas’. O painel de peritos concordou que em 100% das paragens potencialmente evitáveis o tratamento prévio foi inadequado. Sinais clínicos de deterioração nas 24 horas precedentes não foram detectados em 48% dos casos, e a revisão esteve confinada a um interno geral em 45%. Conclusão: A maioria das paragens cardíacas intra-hospitalares tratadas eram potencialmente evitáveis. Falências de multiplos sistemas incluiam atrasos e erros no diagnóstico, interpretação inadequada das investigações realizadas, tratamento incompleto, médicos inexperientes e abordagem em áreas clínicas inapropriadas.Resumen
Objetivos: Determinar la incidencia de paro cardíaco prevenible entre los pacientes que han recibido reanimación cardiopulmonar en un hospital general distrital. Establecer de que manera influyen en el paro cardíaco evitable, la localización y factores individuales o del sistema, para desarrollar una estrategia de prevención basada en evidencia. Métodos: Revisión, por un panel de expertos, de las notas de 139 paros cardíacos de adultos intrahospitalarios consecutivos ocurridos en un año. Resultados: hubo 32348 admisiones de adultos en 1999 con 1023 muertes. El equipo de paro cardíaco fue activado 139 veces: 118 de ellas por paro cardíaco primario intrahospitalario. La tasa de paro cardíaco, excluyendo los casos con ‘orden de no intentar reanimación’(DNAR) fue 3.8/1000 admisiones. En el 88.5% de las muertes había política de DNAR. La sobrevida al alta hospitalaria después de reanimación fue 14%. Entre los 118 casos, el panel acordó unánimemente que 61,9% de los paros eran potencialmente prevenibles, elevándose a 68% cuando se excluyen los paros de la unidad de emergencia (66 y 73% por opinión mayoritaria). Los paros eran mas probables durante los fines de semana que durante la semana (P=0.02). La probabilidad de paro cardíaco potencialmente evitable fue 5.1 veces mayor para pacientes en salas comunes que en áreas de cuidados críticos (P<0.001); los pacientes en áreas de cuidados críticos tenían mas probabilidades de sobrevivir (P<0.001).La probabilidad de paro cardíaco potencialmente evitable fue 12.6 veces mayor para pacientes cuidados en áreas clínicas juzgadas ‘inapropiadas’ para su problema principal (P<0.002, test exacto de Fisher) comparando aquellos cuidados en áreas juzgadas como ‘apropiadas’. El panel acordó que en el 100% de los paros cardíacos potencialmente evitables fueron juzgados como habiendo recibido tratamiento previo inadecuado. Los signos clínicos de deterioro en la 24 horas previas no recibieron acciones consecuentes en 48%, y la revisión fue confinada a un auxiliar en 45%. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los paros cardíacos intrahospitalarios tratados son potencialmente evitables. Las fallas en múltiples sistemas incluyen demora y errores en el diagnóstico, interpretación inadecuada de investigaciones, tratamiento incompleto, doctores inexpertos y manejo en áreas clínicas inadecuadas
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Dissipative Range Scaling of Higher Order Structure Functions for Velocity and Passive Scalars
No full textDifferently to Kolmogorov's second similarity hypothesis, we find that the 2n-th order velocity and scalar structure functions scale with n-th order moment of the energy dissipation and the scalar dissipation, respectively. The origins of this scaling are analyzed by the transport equations of the fourth order velocity and scalar increment moments and by direct numerical simulations
Fast implementation of iterative adaptive approach for wideband unambiguous radar detection
No full textAccepted author manuscriptMicrowave Sensing, Signals & System
Ratio of n-6/n-3 in the diets of beef cattle
No full textEffects of feeding heat-treated canola (C), soybean (S) and flax (F) or mixtures on growth and slaughter characteristics, taste and fatty acid (FA) composition of beef tissue were investigated using 128 crossbred steers to determine the potential of improving the nutritional quality of beef for humans. For Trial 1 (48 steers), dietary treatments were: roasted C, extruded C, roasted S, extruded S, roasted F and extruded F. For Trial 2 (80 steers), the dietary treatments were: S:F (1:1), S:C (1:1), C:F (1:1) and S:F:C (1:1:1), and the oilseeds were processed either by roasting or extruding before mixing. Soybean meal and soybean oil were used to give equivalent lipid and protein contents to each experimental diet. The basal diet consisted of grass silage, barley grain, vitamins and minerals. Steers were fed for a minimum of 100d then slaughtered at a uniform degree of finish. Growth and slaughter characteristics of the steers were only slightly affected by dietary treatment in that the soybean-fed steers consumed more feed and had a higher average daily gain than the canola or flax-fed animals in Trial 1. There was no difference in taste panel parameters for any of the treatments. Inclusion of flax in the diet increased the total n-3 content of meat. Similar results were found for canola and C18:1n-9 although this was not the case for soybean and the n-6 FA. For the n-6 FA in the PL and neutral lipid fractions of the meat samples, levels were correlated with high dietary levels of n-6 or n-9 with low levels of n-3 while for the n-3 FA, levels were correlated with high dietary n-3 levels and low n-6 levels. Oilseed processing method did not have an effect on any fatty acid levels. It is possible to modify the FA composition of beef meat toward a healthier profile by including heat-treated oilseeds in the diet to influence the degree of lipid metabolism in the rumen.ID: S0377840111004007; M3: Article; Accession Number: S0377840111004007; Author: M.A. McNiven (a, ⁎); Author: J.L. Duynisveld (b); Author: T. Turner (a); Author: A.W. Mitchell (a); Affiliation: Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of PEI, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada C1A 4P3; Affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Nappan, NS, Canada B0L 1C0; Keyword: Oilseeds; Keyword: Roasted; Keyword: Extruded; Keyword: Fatty acids; Keyword: Healthy fat; Number of Pages: 11; Language: English
After seven years in Key West, Florida, author John N. Cole learned to appreciat
No full textAfter seven years in Key West, Florida, author John N. Cole learned to appreciate Maine winters for their beauty and power
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