139 research outputs found
Skupno delo družine in vrtca pri zmanjševanju možnosti za pojav specifičnih učnih težav v predšolskem obdobju
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Yugoslavia - How redistribution hurts productivity in a socialist economy
No full textSocialism as practiced in Eastern Europe is characterized by massive income redistribution. This paper focuses on: (a) interfirm redistribution, consisting of taxing profitable firms in order to subsidize unprofitable ones; and (b) intrafirm redistribution, consisting of the compression of personal income differentials within a firm. The author constructs a theoretical model of redistribution of income as practiced in Yugoslav firms. Empirical results lead to the conclusions that efficiency in production could be improved at no cost if such redistribution were abolished. Furthermore, economies in which much of the GNP is redistributed through bargaining are also bound to be inefficient in distribution because some groups are less able to represent their common interests than others. Contrary to a common belief, socialist countries can not be praised on the count of equity either. This paper presents the estimating framework and the results of the empirical analysis obtained on the basis of a sample of Slovenian enterprises and a brief discussion of policy implications concludes the paper.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Inequality,Health Economics&Finance,Work&Working Conditions
Population aging and the labor market : the case of Sri Lanka
No full textSri Lanka's population is predicted to age vary fast during the next 50 years, bringing a slowdown of labor force growth and after 2030its contraction. Based on a 2006 representative survey of old people in Sri Lanka, the paper examines labor market consequences of this process, focusing on retirement pathways and the determinants of labor market withdrawal. The paper finds that a vast majority of Sri Lankan old workers are engaged in the informal sector, work long hours, and are paid less than younger workers. Moreover, the paper shows that labor market duality carries over to old age: (i) previous employment is the most important predictor of the retirement pathway; (ii) older workers fall into two categories: civil servants and formal private sector workers, who generally stop working before they reach 60 because they are forced to do so by mandatory retirement regulations, and casual workers and the self-employed, who work until very old age (or death) due to poverty and insufficient income and who stop working primarily because of poor health; and (iii) the option of part-time work is used primarily by workers who held regular jobs in their prime age employment, but not by casual workers and self-employed.Labor Markets,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Labor Policies,Work&Working Conditions,
THE HISTORY OF RECORDING TECHNIQUES THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTEROACUSTIC MUSIC
No full textPričujoče diplomsko delo podaja pregled osnovnih in specifičnih značilnosti elektroakustične glasbe in zgodovine snemalne tehnike. Zgodovinski prerez zajema tako nove iznajdbe na področju snemalne tehnologije kot njeno uveljavljanje in uporabo pri komponiranju elektroakustične glasbe skozi 20. stoletje. Diplomsko delo je razdeljeno na štiri zgodovinska obdobja, ki so bila zaznamovana tako s strani tehnološkega razvoja kot tudi z vidika elektroakustične glasbe. Poleg pomembnih skladateljev elektroakustične glasbe so v delu predstavljena tudi njihova pomembna dela, ki so zaznamovala glasbeno zgodovino. Da je avtor lahko prišel do odgovorov na zastavljena raziskovalna vprašanja, je v teoretičnem diplomskem delu uporabil več različnih raziskovalnih metod.The diploma thesis delivers an overview of basic and specific characteristics of the electroacoustic music and the history of recording techniques. Historical cross section deals with new inventions in the field of recording technology, implementation of recording technology itself, and its usage in composing electroacoustic music throughout the 20th century. The thesis is divided into four parts according to historical periods which were influenced by technological development and electro-acoustic music. In addition to presentation of important composers of electroacoustic music, their major works are presented as well. In order to answer the research questions, the author used several different research methods
Macedonian society and culture in the poems of Blaže Koneski
No full textDiplomsko delo obravnava odraz makedonske družbe in kulture v pesmih Blažeta Koneskega (1921–1993), ključne figure v razvoju makedonskega jezika in kulture. Za analizo so uporabljene pesmi Тешкото, Татковина, Свети Никола, Велигденско јајце, Минаре in Сирма. Pesem Тешкото je povezana z makedonsko zgodovino, saj izraža nacionalni ponos in vztrajnost makedonskega ljudstva skozi zgodovino, še posebej v obdobju zatiranja in upora, kot sta Ilindenska vstaja in narodnoosvobodilni boj. V pesmi Татковина avtor izraža globoko pripadnost in ljubezen do domovine ter spodbuja ohranjanje kulturne dediščine. Makedonija, zaznamovana z versko in kulturno raznolikostjo, je nazorno predstavljena skozi pesmi Свети Никола in Велигденско јајце, ki poudarjajo pomen verskih praznovanj in družinskega povezovanja. Pesem Минаре prav tako simbolizira versko in kulturno dediščino Makedonije ter pomen sprejemanja različnih kulturnih izrazov v družbi. Pesem Сирма, ki je tesno povezana z makedonskim ljudskim slovstvom, tematizira žensko moč in spreminjanje tradicionalnih spolnih vlog v makedonski družbi, pri čemer junakinja Sirma simbolizira pogum, odločnost in ljubezen do domovine. Analiza pokaže, da je povezava med izbranimi pesmimi Blažeta Koneskega in makedonsko zgodovino, tradicijo in kulturo zelo tesna, v nekaterih pa prepoznamo tudi univerzalne motive. Koneski je s svojimi deli prispeval k razvoju literarne identitete in modernizaciji makedonske poezije, pri čemer je združeval ljudsko tradicijo s sodobnimi temami in subjektivnimi opažanji.The thesis explores the reflection of the Macedonian society and culture in the poems by Blaže Koneski (1921–1993), a key figure in the development of the Macedonian language and culture. The poems used for the analysis are Тешкото, Татковина, Свети Никола, Велигденско јајце, Минаре and Сирма. The poem Тешкото is connected to Macedonian history, as it expresses the national pride and perseverance of the Macedonian people throughout history, especially during the period of oppression and rebellion, including the Ilinden uprising and the national liberation movement. In the poem Татковина, the author expresses a deep belonging and love for the homeland and encourages the preservation of cultural heritage. The poems Свети Никола and Велигденско јајце, which emphasize the importance of religious celebrations and family bonding, vividly present Macedonia, a land marked by religious and cultural diversity. The poem Минаре also symbolizes the religious and cultural heritage of Macedonia and the importance of accepting cultural diversity in society. The poem Сирма, which is closely related to Macedonian folk literature, depicts women\u27s power and changing of the traditional gender roles in Macedonian society, with the heroine Sirma symbolizing courage, determination and love for the homeland. The analysis shows that the connection between the selected poems of Blaže Koneski and Macedonian history, tradition and culture is very close, and in some of the poems we can also recognize universal motifs. With his work, Koneski contributed to the development of the literary identity and the modernization of Macedonian poetry, combining folk tradition with contemporary themes and subjective observations
Live longer, work longer : making it happen in the labor market
No full textThe objective of the paper is to summarize labor market implications of population aging and to discuss policy options to increase the employment of old workers. The paper argues that population aging and ensuing shrinking of the workforce will create a significant drag on the economies of developed, transition, and even some developing countries. Thus working longer is an imperative: unless countered by productivity increases, working longer, or both, population aging and ensuing shrinking of labor force will reduce economic growth and may jeopardize the economic well-being of some of the elderly. However, extending working lives has proven difficult, both because workers do not want to work longer and because employers are lukewarm about employment old workers. Among measures to motivate workers to work longer, the paper proposes providing retirement incentives and attractive, flexible working arrangements; and to stimulate employers to hire old workers, it argues for removing obstacles imposed by restrictive labor market institutions, for increasing human capital of workers via life-long learning, and for addressing age discrimination. Chances for extending working lives will also increase with improving health of old workers. The organization of the paper is as follows. Section 1 discusses the implications of population aging for economic growth. Section 2 examines factors that stand in the way of longer working lives - why workers opt for early exit from the labor market, and why employers are often lukewarm about employing old workers. In the policy part of the paper, Section 3 proposes possible measures to attract workers to work longer, and Section 4 describes how to remove institutional obstacles and introduce incentives that would make old workers more appealing to employers.Labor Markets,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,,Labor Policies,Work&Working Conditions
The costs and benefits of Slovenian independence
No full textOne year is not enough time to draw conclusions about independent Slovenia's prospects, and it may not be easy for other countries to copy Slovenia's model. Slovenia is ethnically homogeneous, culturally and historically compatible with the West, and near (and somewhat protected from)friendly Western neighbors. And despite sharp political divisions, it has shown a political will to fight counterproductive redistribution. Still, Slovenia's experience may offer insights for other new post-Communist economies. Despite the obvious short-run costs of the brutal breakup of Yogoslavia's federal structure, Slovenia's medium- and long-run economic prospects are fairly good. Declining trade with the rest of Yugoslavia dims Slovenia's short-run prospects. But in the long run it may benefit from greater macroeconomic stability, freedom from subsidizing less-developed regions of Yugoslavia, and speedier integration with Western Europe. What has happened to Slovenia does not prove that separation necessarily improves welfare. In fact, had forces amenable to rational debate and compromise prevailed in Yogoslavia, Slovenia's secession might have decreased welfare. Slovenia's experience suggests that secession from a larger entity that is wrecked by political instability may produce economic benefits. Local autonomy gives Slovenia a chance to introduce a new currency and achieve macroeconomic stability, for example. This can work only if the local political constellation is not controlled by coalitions bent on preserving the old system of redistribution and is not hampered by major political divisions that paralyze decisionmaking. In short, secession can be beneficial if the new state is more homogeneous and functions more coherently than the old state. Not all newly independent states would face the costs Slovenia has faced. In the Czech-Slovak breakup, for example, political risk and refugee costs (or rather, the costs of migration) were much smaller than in Slovenia. Indeed, the Czech republic may also expect short-term costs but long-term gains.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Stabilization,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,National Governance
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