18 research outputs found
Review paper on four cylinder four stroke petrol engine
No full textThis thesis is about how to perform an analysis of four cylinder four stroke engine. As we know, dynamometer
is very expensive in the market and some way need to be build to perform engine performance analysis based on
functionality of dynamometer. So, engine test rig had been designed before can proceed to fabrication process. Some
sketches software had used like autocad and solidwork to draft out the shape of engine test rig. Materials selection also
included in this designed process. Variable loads will be given at constant engine speed to see whether performance of
engine will decrease or increase. Here, we can analyze at which engine speed is the optimum of performance from this
small engine. So, some losses like power and fuel can be decrease. Author will be taking ideal procedure for improve
performance of engine to change fuel quality by blending approach and reduced emission practically
Fabrication of nitinol nanoparticle using pulsed laser ablation
No full textThis paper consists of the study of the fabrication of Nano material of the Shape memory alloy NiTinol. A
detailed examination is done on the impact of test conditions on the properties of Ni-Ti nanoparticles created by
nanosecond laser ablation of NiTinol target. The paper likewise incorporates the basic circulation of the lighted surface.
The laser wavelengths utilized were 248nm for KrF laser and 1064 nm for Q-exchanged Nd:YAG laser. Nitinol targets
were inundated in mediums like refined water and ethanol. The examples were illuminated with pulses from both the
lasers. 500 pulses were utilized for the investigation of the surface of the objective and 20000 pulses for the molecule age.
The fluences utilized were 2 and 5 J/cm2 individually. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was utilized to think about
the morphology of laser treated NiTi surface and the measure of the produced nanoparticles. Component mapping was
considered through vitality dispersive X-beam spectroscopy (EDX). The outcomes got, was that the ethanol based trial
demonstrates a relative homogeneous natural conveyance in both the laser treated NiTinol surface and the created
nanoparticles. While in refined water inundation, isolate nearness of Nickel and Titanium components was seen on the
illuminated surface and also the produced nanoparticles
Highly biocompatible porous NiTi alloys
No full textNickel Titanium alloys have proved to be a perfect choice for materials used for medical devices like catheters, pacemakers and stone removal mesh. However, there are some challenges related to the shape and size modifications required to suffice the applications. The alloy needs improvements particularly in the areas of porosity for bone replacement, radiopacity, super elasticity and fatigue strength. There is a wide range of applications of biocompatible Porous NiTi alloys in the areas of inter body fusion devices, synthetic bone grafting, etc. Although it cannot be denied of the possibility of high corrosion factor of Porous NiTi alloys as compared to solid NiTinol due to greater surface area in contact with the body fluids. Such cases include definite surface preparation to cater to the need for increased biocompatibility. This paper includes the synthesis of porous NiTi alloys through the sintering process along with a check of the surface treatments and its effects on the properties related to corrosion of Porous NiTinol. The Alloys were subjected to different treatments like dry heating, boiling in water and passivation. The corrosion resistance, after and before the treatments were evaluated
Smart materials [SMS] for today’s smart cities: The dawn of a New smart era
No full textAn overview is presented of the current research and development of smartmaterials, including shape-memory alloys, shape-memory ceramics,shape-memory polymers, smart planes, intelligent houses, shape memory textiles, micromachines, self-assembling structures, color-changing paint and nano systems. Th smartmaterials exhibit some novel performances, such as sensoring (thermal, stress or field), large-stroke actuation, high damping, adaptive responses, shape memory and superelasticity capability, which can be utilized in various engineering approaches to smart systems. Smart Materials has emerged as a very innovative productand brought a revolution in many fields includingautomobile industry, smart architecture and on the whole developing a new Smart City.This paper also includes a case study of the Smart City: London as well as a smart car which canbe developed using smartmaterials
Variations in cardiovascular disease under-diagnosis in England: national cross-sectional spatial analysis
No full textBACKGROUND:
There is under-diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the English population, despite financial incentives to encourage general practices to register new cases. We compared the modelled (expected) and diagnosed (observed) prevalence of three cardiovascular conditions- coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension and stroke- at local level, their geographical variation, and population and healthcare predictors which might influence diagnosis.
METHODS:
Cross-sectional observational study in all English local authorities (351) and general practices (8,372) comparing model-based expected prevalence with diagnosed prevalence on practice disease registers. Spatial analyses were used to identify geographic clusters and variation in regression relationships.
RESULTS:
A total of 9,682,176 patients were on practice CHD, stroke and transient ischaemic attack, and hypertension registers. There was wide spatial variation in observed: expected prevalence ratios for all three diseases, with less than five per cent of expected cases diagnosed in some areas. London and the surrounding area showed statistically significant discrepancies in observed: expected prevalence ratios, with observed prevalence much lower than the epidemiological models predicted. The addition of general practitioner supply as a variable yielded stronger regression results for all three conditions.
CONCLUSIONS:
Despite almost universal access to free primary healthcare, there may be significant and highly variable under-diagnosis of CVD across England, which can be partially explained by persistent inequity in GP supply. Disease management studies should consider the possible impact of under-diagnosis on population health outcomes. Compared to classical regression modelling, spatial analytic techniques can provide additional information on risk factors for under-diagnosis, and can suggest where healthcare resources may be most needed
Mothers “Cord Blood” is the Answer to Your Child’s Future
No full textDespite the fact that the preservation of umbilical cord blood stem cells is put into effect, there has not been sufficient awareness of the cord blood banking procedure and its important role in the treatment of many serious illnesses. Our objective is to diminish this lack of knowledge and to promote the means of educating each parent about the uses, benefits, and various options behind cord blood banking. By trying to get legislation passed which enforces that each pregnant woman must consent to whether or not she wishes to preserve her cord blood, there will be more women venturing out to learn about the aspects of cord blood banking – in effect making the right conscious decision for her child or others prior to the time of delivery. Moreover if cord blood banks collaborated themselves with certain hospitals, then it will also initiate more awareness and make the preservation process, possibly that of public banking, easier and widely accepted among pregnant women.Summer 2012Accompanied by video fil
Low-Cost Automated Paper Strip Reader (APSR)
No full textPaper strip analyzer or a medical strip reader is a low-cost Paper-based Analytical Device (PAD) that is easy-to-use and widely accepted Point-Of-Care (POC) alternative to the relatively complex and expensive ELISA (Enzyme-linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) tests. These devices are used for determining the chemical concentrations (pH, glucose, protein, nitrite, etc.) of the body fluids (blood, urine, sweat, saliva, etc.) to monitor organ functionality and ensure early diagnosis of potential diseases. The test paper strips can be analyzed by comparing the colour changes on the test strip to the existing colour chart either by the operator’s visual interpretation or by a smartphone-based automated system which is a fairly new technology from the past decade. Apart from being time consuming, the manual (naked eye) interpretation of results is subject to the robustness of the clinicians’ eyesight and ambient lighting conditions that may potentially introduce an error while obtaining results. This presented the need to automate this process of colour detection. Despite the faster computation speed of smartphone-based systems, they may introduce image acquisition related errors owing to the varying camera resolutions in different smartphone models. Smartphones also face the issue of poor battery backup and software (in)compatibility. There exists a research gap in terms of an automated technology that is ASSURED: A = Affordable, S = Sensitive, S =Specific, U = User-friendly, R = Rapid & Robust, E = Equipment-free, D = Deliverable. These are the requirements proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for commercial medical sensors. In this study, we try to overcome the shortcomings of smartphone-based technology while adhering to the ASSURED criteria. We present a fully functioning prototype of a 3D printed Raspberry-Pi microcontroller based paper strip reader with a rechargeable battery and consistent illumination. The device is paired with a backend Python program and a user-friendly GUI to display the results. The device also has a feature to export the results with one click to your clinician via email. APSR algorithm is 88.7% accurate and the speed of operation is≈5s which is faster than the best speed reported in the literature yet. The future scope involves making use of Machine Learning and Deep Learning to further improve the algorithm.Biomedical Engineering | Bioelectronic
Impact of Ict on Leveling the Ethnicity Divide in Order to Promote Student Engagement in the Education Sector
No full textA vital contribution of information and communication technologies (ICT) is to bridge the social divide between various categories of students, teachers, researchers, and administrators. This is because ICT provides the leveling field between individuals with diverse backgrounds. An in-depth study of the impact of ethnicity was carried out by the lead author of this chapter in the context of hospitals in the National Health Service in the United Kingdom. Valuable results were derived based on that study. This particular chapter aims to extend and apply that study in the context of education. Multiple educational processes dealing with teachers and students are identified as challenging as these processes can potentially be impacted by ethnicity, gender, affluence, and regional biases of teachers and students. Defining these potential biases and how they are likely to be overcome with ICT-based education is the core premise of this chapter. We also outline the approach to developing educational systems and processes that alleviate the impact of ethnic bias on education
Organologic Dance: Corporeality at the Wane of the Anthropocene
No full textPunktem wyjścia dla autorki jest zaproponowane przez Bernarda Stieglera nowe ujęcie „organologicznej” cielesności, które obejmuje życie nie tylko biologiczne, ale i techniczne, materię organiczną i zorganizowaną materię nieorganiczną. Tekst ukazuje potencjał wynalazczych cielesności w przeciwdziałaniu entropii i postępującej dezintegracji ekosystemów w oparciu o analizę porównawczą dwóch prac performatywnych: Rubble Dance Long Island City (1991) Rudy Burckhardt i Douglasa Dunna oraz Landfill Dance (2012) Tejal Shah. Choć obie prace problematyzują taniec na wysypiskach śmieci przedstawionych jako toksyczne resztki kapitalizmu, to jednak sposób ujęcia cielesności różni się w tych pracach diametralnie. Pierwsza z nich wpisuje się w diagnozy badaczy antropocenu, uwypuklając znaczenie ciała ludzkiego jako żywej materii w kontekście martwych pozostałości epoki industrialnej. Druga natomiast ukazuje cielesność hybrydyczną, wykraczającą poza dychotomię materii organicznej i nieorganicznej i manifestującą się jako sieć relacyjności z innymi systemami – ekologicznymi, geologicznymi, technologicznymi. Autorka proponuje koncepcję „tańca organologicznego” jako performansu projektującego nowe technologie przetrwania w duchu negantropocenu.The author’s point of departure is Bernard Stiegler’s new approach to “organological” corporeality, which encompasses not only biological, but also technological life, organic matter and organized inorganic matter. Based on a comparative analysis of two performance works, Rudy Burckhardt and Douglas Dunn’s Rubble Dance Long Island City (1991) and Tejal Shah’s Landfill Dance (2012), the text demonstrates the potential of inventive corporealities for countering entropy and the progressive disintegration of ecosystems. Although both works involve dance in landfills presented as toxic remnants of capitalism, they approach corporeality in radically different ways. The former is in line with the diagnoses of Anthropocene scholars, highlighting the importance of the human body as living matter in the context of the dead remnants of the industrial age. The latter, in turn, reveals a hybrid corporeality, transcending the dichotomy of organic and inorganic matter and manifesting itself as a network of relationalities with other systems: ecological, geological, technological. The author proposes the concept of “organologic dance” to refer to a performance that projects new technologies of survival in the spirit of the Neganthropocene
