1,721,066 research outputs found
Influence of human milk, standard formula and fermented formula on thymus size and stool ph in healty term newborns.
No full textPreventing and Treating Colic: An Update
No full textInfantile colic (IC) is c is a self-limiting functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) with a favorable natural history. Worldwide, IC has a significant impact on many newborns and their families. Although not an indication of an illness, its symptoms are wide and generic and may indicate a potentially serious underlying issue in a tiny percentage of newborns who may require a medical evaluation. The pathogenesis appears to be multifactorial implying a complex relationship between the infant and the environment. One of the most studied theories attributes a key role to the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of IC. A variety of approaches have been suggested for the clinical management of IC, and several randomized controlled trials have been reported in the literature. Probiotics can change the host’s microbiota and positively impact health. They may be able to restore balance and create a better intestinal microbiota landscape since there is mounting evidence that the gut microbial environment of colicky newborns differs from that of healthy infants. In this review, we revise the most commonly studied probiotics and mixtures to treat and prevent IC and the most recent recommendations
GER and Probiotic
No full textGastroesophageal reflux (GER) refers to retrograde movement of gastric contents out of the stomach with or without regurgitation and vomiting.
Regurgitation is defined as the passage of refluxed gastric content into the oral pharynx while vomiting is defined as expulsion of the refluxed gastric content from the mouth. The frequency of regurgitation may vary largely in relation to age, and younger infants up to first month of age are more frequently affected by regurgitation. The effect of the intestinal microflora in the pathophysiology of GER and regurgitation is becoming in the last few years more evident even though the exact mechanisms of interaction between the intestinal bacteria and host are still unknown. Probiotic might play an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis by modulating intestinal barrier function, immunity, motility, and influencing the gut–brain interaction. The role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of GER could represent a promising field of research in the next future
Indications and Recommendations by Societies and Institutions for the Use of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Paediatric Functional Intestinal Disorders
No full textTo report the indications and/or recommendations by Societies and Institutions for the use of probiotics and prebiotics in functional intestinal disorders in childhood
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatrics from Treating Illnesses to Managing Children's Overall Well-Being
No full textRecent technological advances have facilitated the creation of new application and management models for expanding knowledge across various domains, including the medical field. This new landscape has necessitated the evolution of medicine through the development of organizational, methodologic, and technological changes, collectively referred to as precision medicine. These changes emphasize the need for a highly dynamic, adaptable, and personalized innovative approach to healthcare delivery, accessible anytime and anywhere.
The realization of this global transformation has been particularly enabled by the significant expansion of information and communication technologies. The emergence of mobile, nano-, bio-, and molecular technologies; the development of robotics and bioinformatics; the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) methods, including intelligent processing of clinical data and big data cloud computing; predictive analytics; the creation of neural networks, with cognitive and psychosocial models; cyber-physical systems; and the “internet of things” are all critical elements driving the current phase of healthcare transformation.
Among these elements, AI has undoubtedly emerged as one of the most transformative technologies since the early 20th century, serving as a key driver in what has been termed the “knowledge society.”7 The application of AI has the potential to reshape interpersonal and professional interactions across all sectors. One area in which AI is having a particularly significant impact is in healthcare, especially in the field of pediatrics.
This commentary, authored by members of the Social Pediatrics working group of the European Pediatric Association, Union of National Pediatric Societies and Associations, briefly outlines the fundamental elements that characterize precision medicine in pediatrics and the role of artificial intelligence in pediatric medicine, emphasizing its potential importance in the clinical management of children. Our aim is to raise further pediatricians' awareness of these practices in clinical management and to promote a conscious and proper use of these new technological opportunities to support a desirable transition from merely treating illnesses to managing children's overall well-bein
Role of probiotics in pediatric patients with helicobacter pylori infection: A comprehensive review of the literature
No full textPhysiological basis of food intolerance in VLBW
No full textTo provide an overview on the role of gut immunity, nervous system and motility patterns in the development of feeding intolerance in newborns. Maturation of the GI is important not only for digestion and absorption, but for endocrine and exocrine function as well. There is little data available about the development of the motility function and of the mucosal barrier of the human gut, and in particular about the motility patterns and mucosal changes in newborns during early days of life. It is known that functional maturation of the gastrointestinal tract is quite different over time with respect to its anatomical development. Besides, the gastrointestinal tract through innate and specific immunologic factors, acts as a defense against ingested antigens. In addition to the mucous membrane integrity and digestion, numerous specific immunologic cells and mediators orchestrate such defensive mechanisms. In case of food antigens, the outcome is usually in favor of tolerance. Defects in that barrier, however, can lead to the development of aberrant immunologic responses, including hypersensitivity reactions. It is obvious that an appropriate feeding regimen during early infancy is in favor of food tolerance. However, in addition to genetic predisposition, development of tolerance is facilitated by an adequate gut barrier (immune or nonimmune), well-coordinated GI motility and nervous network, and appropriate food regimen.To provide an overview on the role of gut immunity, nervous system and motility patterns in the development of feeding intolerance in newborns. Maturation of the GI is important not only for digestion and absorption, but for endocrine and exocrine function as well. There is little data available about the development of the motility function and of the mucosal barrier of the human gut, and in particular about the motility patterns and mucosal changes in newborns during early days of life. It is known that functional maturation of the gastrointestinal tract is quite different over time with respect to its anatomical development. Besides, the gastrointestinal tract through innate and specific immunologic factors, acts as a defense against ingested antigens. In addition to the mucous membrane integrity and digestion, numerous specific immunologic cells and mediators orchestrate such defensive mechanisms. In case of food antigens, the outcome is usually in favor of tolerance. Defects in that barrier, however, can lead to the development of aberrant immunologic responses, including hypersensitivity reactions. It is obvious that an appropriate feeding regimen during early infancy is in favor of food tolerance. However, in addition to genetic predisposition, development of tolerance is facilitated by an adequate gut barrier (immune or nonimmune), well-coordinated GI motility and nervous network, and appropriate food regimen. © 2011 Informa UK, Ltd
Social Media and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children
No full textAlthough social platforms allow people to stay in touch with each other, they are also a source of stress. Social media posts that focus on the positive may cause stress for users who are not happy to see how everyone else seems to be doing well in life while they are dissatisfied with their lives. Social media also can provide a platform for the spread of dissenting opinions and hostile and unfriendly comments, which can cause distress. However, it is unclear how stress triggered by social media can cause physical problems and adverse effects on gut health and related body systems. Studies are limited and insufficient to fully elucidate how social media use may affect gut health. Children, vulnerable members of society, are exposed to the negative influence of external factors on their health and well-being. This article, written by members of the Working Group on Social Pediatrics of the European Association of Pediatrics, Union of European National Societies and Associations of Pediatrics, discusses the role of social media as a cause of FGIDs in children. The goal is to raise awareness among general pediatricians and families about this phenomenon, which often affects children and adolecsen
The early administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 controls regurgitation episodes in full-term breastfed infants
No full textForty breastfed full-term infants were randomly, double blind assigned to receive orally Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) DSM 17938, 5 drops/daily (10(8) colony-forming units), for 4 weeks (n = 20) or an identical placebo (n = 20), starting before third day of life. They underwent basal and final visit to monitor growth parameters and gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Parents registered daily: crying minutes, stool frequency and consistency, numbers of regurgitations, adverse events. Secretory IgA (sIgA) has been measured in saliva on 28th day. Treated infants demonstrated a reduction in daily regurgitations at the end of treatment (p = 0.02), three neonates in the placebo group only needed simethicone for GI pain, sIgA level was similar in both groups. Random casualty produced an unbalanced gender distribution in the groups, but this bias did not affect the results. Therefore, early administration of L. reuteri DSM 17938 resulted beneficial in preventing regurgitation episodes during the first month of life
Navigating Resistance and Adaptation in Health Care: How Pediatricians Can Balance Transformation and Children’s Needs
No full text- …
