196 research outputs found
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer tissues have increased base excision repair capacity
No full textThe molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of bladder cancer (BC) are complex and have not been fully elucidated. Alterations in base excision repair (BER) capacity, one of several DNA repair mechanisms assigned to preserving genome integrity, have been reported to influence cancer susceptibility, recurrence, and progression, as well as responses to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We report herein that non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) tissues exhibit increased uracil incision, abasic endonuclease and gap-filling activities, as well as total BER capacity in comparison to normal bladder tissue from the same patient (p<0.05). No significant difference was detected in 8-oxoG incision activity between cancer and normal tissues. NMIBC tissues have elevated protein levels of uracil DNA glycosylase, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, AP endonuclease 1 and DNA polymerase beta protein. Moreover, the fold increase in total BER and the individual BER enzyme activities were greater in high-grade tissues than in low-grade NMIBC tissues. These findings suggest that enhanced BER activity may play a role in the etiology of NMIBC and that BER proteins could serve as biomarkers in disease prognosis, progression or response to genotoxic therapeutics, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guerin.Muftuoglu, M (corresponding author), Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar Univ, Dept Med Biotechnol, TR-34752 Istanbul, Turkey ; Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, TR-34752 Istanbul, Turkey.
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On Unfair Permutations
No full textIslak, Umit/0000-0003-4281-5171In this paper we study the inverse of so-called unfair permutations. Our investigation begins with comparing this class of permutations with uniformly random permutations, and showing that they behave very much alike in case of locally dependent random variables. As an example of a globally dependent statistic we use the number of inversions, and show that this statistic satisfies a central limit theorem after proper centering and scaling. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.TUBITAK [113F059]; Scientific and Research Council of Turkey [TUBITAK-117C047]The author C. P. has been supported by TUBITAK within the project 113F059 entitled "The conjecture of Mazur-Tate-Teitelbaum, CM elliptic curves and applications" as a postdoctoral researcher at Koc University. The author U.I. is supported by the Scientific and Research Council of Turkey [TUBITAK-117C047]. Parts of this paper were completed at the Nesin Mathematics Village, the authors would like to thank Nesin Mathematics Village for their kind hospitality. Also, the authors would like to thank an anonymous referee who detected some errors in original manuscript, and whose comments improved the paper significantly
Effect of Different Exercise Modalities on Type 2 Diabetes in Rat: Continuous Versus Weekend Warrior Exercises
No full text
A Rare Tumor of the Face: Malignant Nodular Hidradenoma with Dermoscopic Features Mimicking Amelanotic Melanoma
No full textLow-cost, highly efficient, and tunable ultrafast laser technology based on directly diode-pumped Cr:Colquiriites
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 335-352).This doctoral project aims to develop robust, ultra low-cost (150) as the pump source, we have obtained continuous-wave (cw) output powers >250-mW with slope efficiencies >50%. Record cw tuning ranges were demonstrated for Cr:LiSAF (775-1042 nm), Cr:LiSGaF (777-977 nm), and Cr:LiCAF (754-871 nm). For femtosecond pulse generation, semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs/SBRs) were developed, which were used to initiate and sustain mode-locking. Typical performance was ~25-100 fs pulses, with an optical spectrum in the 770-920 nm range, with ~1-2 nJ of pulse energies from ~100-MHz repetition rate cavities. Record electrical-to-optical conversion efficiencies of ~10% were demonstrated in the cw mode-locked regime. A mode-locked tuning range of 767-817 nm, with ~130-fs long pulses was obtained by using Cr:LiCAF as gain medium. With the Cr:LiSAF gain medium, using regular SESAMs/SBRs centered around 800 nm, 850 nm, and 910 nm, mode-locked tuning ranges of 803-831 nm, 828-873 nm, and 890-923 nm were demonstrated, respectively. By using a broadband oxidized SESAM/SBR, a record tuning range of 800-905 nm was demonstrated with ~150-fs long pulses. Using an extended cavity Cr:LiCAF laser, pulse energies >15-nJ with peak powers exceeding 100-kW were obtained. We performed the first cavity-dumping experiments with a Cr:Colquiriite laser and demonstrated pulse energies >100-nJ, and peak powers approaching MW level, at repetition rates up to 50-kHz. Cr:LiCAF gain media were also pumped by single-emitter multimode diodes, where we obtained >2-W output power in cw operation, and ~100-fs pulses with 390-mW of average power at a repetition rate of 140 MHz in cw mode-locked operation. As an example application area for this low cost technology, we performed multiphoton microcopy experiments with a single-mode diode-pumped Cr:LiCAF laser. We also performed attosecond-resolution timing jitter characterization experiments of the femtosecond Cr:LiSAF laser, and measured a record-low upper limit for the integrated timing jitter of the Cr:LiSAF laser (137-attoseconds in 10 kHz-10 MHz range).by Umit Demirbas.Ph.D
Bulky gastrinoma of the common bile duct: Unusual localization of extrapancreatic gastrinoma - case report
No full textZollinger-Ellison syndrome is characterized by elevated levels of serum gastrin associated with increased gastric acid secretion, gastrointestinal ulcerations and diarrhea. Most gastrinomas (75%) occur sporadically and are located within the gastrinoma triangle. Extraduodenal, extrapancreatic and extranodal gastrinomas have been shown in 5.6% of the patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome who underwent surgery. We report a 44-year-old female who had been complaining of nausea and diarrhea for 12 years. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging detected a homogeneous, regular-shaped 6 x 7 cm solid mass, located between the liver, right kidney and inferior vena cava. Somatostatin receptor positive scanning led us to investigate a neuroendocrine tumor. Serum gastrin level was found very high and the patient underwent surgery. Local excision of the tumor was performed, and an 8x6x5 cm, well-capsulated, solitary mass, originating from the common bile duct was removed. The unique feature of our case is the unusual localization, and although the tumor was very large in size, only capsule invasion was observed with no evidence of distant metastasis
Effects of different aerobic exercise frequencies on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats: Continuous versus short bouts and weekend warrior exercises
No full textBackground: Exercise training is known to have multiple beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to explore the effects of aerobic exercise frequency on diabetic parameters, the histopathological structure of skeletal muscle, diabetic myopathy, and mitochondrial enzyme activity in an experimental model of T2DM. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 35) were rendered diabetic by injection of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Rats with blood glucose concentrations between 7 and 17 mmol/L were used. Diabetic rats were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: (i) control sedentary; (ii) diabetic sedentary; (iii) diabetic with continuous exercise (30 min/day, 5 days/week); (iv) diabetic with short bouts of exercise (3 x 10 min/day, 5 days/week); and (v) diabetic rats as weekend warriors (35 + 40 min/day, 2 days/week). After 6 weeks swimming exercise (total duration 150 min/week), biochemical tests were performed to measure insulin, glucose, cytokines, serum and muscle myeloperoxidase (MPO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histologic analysis (histomorphometric and mitochondrial enzyme analysis) was also performed. Results: Compared with diabetic sedentary rats, significant improvements were observed in all exercise groups in terms of glucose levels, weight loss, tissue MPO and MDA levels, muscular connective tissue, muscle atrophy, mitochondrial enzyme, and all histomorphometric analyses. Conclusions: The results of the study emphasize the effects of training on inflammation, increased oxidative stress, myopathy, and mitochondrial damage in a rat model of T2DM, and demonstrate that there is no major difference between exercise modalities provided that the total duration of exercise remains the same
Diagnostic Role of Colon Capsule Endoscopy in Patients with Optimal Colon Cleaning
No full textBackground. Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a diagnostic test with relatively rare usage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate both the optimal cleaning regimen for CCE and the diagnostic value of test in the study group. Methods. A total of 62 patients were enrolled in this study. In the first step, 3 different colon preparing regimens were given to 30 patients [Group A: 3 days of liquid diet, sodium phosphate (NaP) (90 mL), and NaP enema; Group B: 3 days of liquid diet, 4 L of polyethylene glycol (PEG), and metoclopramide; Group C: 3 days of liquid diet, 4 L of PEG, NaP (45 mL), and bisacodyl after capsule ingestion] (10 patients in each group). The other consecutive 32 patients were cleaned with the best regimen which was NaP + PEG and CCE was performed. The results of CCE were controlled with colonoscopy in 28 patients. Results. Group C had the highest cleaning score, compared with the other groups (2.2 +/- 0.4 versus 2.7 +/- 0.4 versus 3.7 +/- 0.4, p value = 0.000). The CCE findings were as follows in 28 patients who were also examined with colonoscopy: polyp (range: 5-10 mm) in 6 patients, internal hemorrhoids in 3 patients, angiodysplasia in 1 patient, diverticula in 1 patient, and ulcerative colitis in 1 patient. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of CCE were 100%, 92%, 93%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions. Low dosage NaP combined with PEG provides optimal bowel preparation for CCE. CCE appears to be a highly sensitive diagnostic modality for detecting colonic pathologies
High Cholesterol Diet-Induced Changes in Oxysterol and Scavenger Receptor Levels in Heart Tissue
No full textInvolvement of high cholesterol and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases is well studied, as it can be hypothesized that various products originated from lipid peroxidation, such as oxysterols, or affected protein expression might lead to cardiomyocyte damage followed by the pathological modifications. Although oxidation of excessive cholesterol to oxysterols in elevated stress conditions is identified by a number of studies, the role of a high cholesterol diet in regulating fatty acid and oxysterol accumulation, together with scavenger receptor mRNA levels, in the heart remains little investigated. Our study provides a detailed analysis of the changes in fatty acid, oxysterol, and scavenger receptor profiles and its relation with histological alterations in the heart tissue. We evaluated alterations of fatty acid composition, by the GC-MS method, while 4 beta-, 25-, and 27-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol levels by means of LC-MS/MS in high cholesterol diet-fed rabbits. Additionally, a number of proteins related to lipid metabolism and scavenger receptor mRNA expressions were evaluated by Western blotting and RT-PCR. According to our in vivo results, a high cholesterol diet enhances a number of unsaturated fatty acids, oxysterols, and LXR alpha, in addition to CD36, CD68, CD204, and SR-FI expressions while alpha-tocopherol supplementation decreases LXR alpha and SR expressions together with an increase in 27-hydroxycholesterol and ABCA1 levels. Our results indicated that the high cholesterol diet modulates proteins related to lipid metabolism, which might result in the malfunction of the heart and alpha-tocopherol shows its beneficial effects. We believe that this work will lead the generation of different theories in the development of heart diseases
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