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The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history
No full textShachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe, Dorchin, Netta (2018): The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history. Zootaxa 4521 (4): 451-498, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.
FIGURES 29–34 in The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history
No full textFIGURES 29–34. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 29. Cynips cornifex, asexual generation; 30. Neuroterus numismalis, sexual generation; 31. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation; 32. Cynips quercus, asexual generation; 33. Cynips divisa, asexual generation; 34. Neuroterus albipes, asexual generation.Published as part of Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta, 2018, The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history, pp. 451-498 in Zootaxa 4521 (4) on page 487, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261002
Pseudoneuroterus Kinsey 1923
No full textPseudoneuroterus Kinsey, 1923 A Western Palearctic genus of four species, which is closely related to Neuroterus (Melika et al. 2010). Species in this genus induce leaf, acorn or branch galls on oaks from section Cerris, and both generations are known for some of them. Two described and two undescribed species are known from Israel on Q. ithaburensis.Published as part of Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta, 2018, The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history, pp. 451-498 in Zootaxa 4521 (4) on page 478, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261002
Cynips Linnaeus 1758
No full textCynips Linnaeus, 1758 The genus is represented by nine species in the Western Palaearctic and one species, C. staminobia Kovalev, in the Eastern Palaearctic (Melika 2012) as well as many species from The Nearctic Region (Kinsey 1930, 1936; Melika & Abrahamson 2002). Three species are known from Israel on Q. boissieri.Published as part of Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta, 2018, The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history, pp. 451-498 in Zootaxa 4521 (4) on page 473, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261002
Biorhiza Westwood 1840
No full textBiorhiza Westwood, 1840 A Holarctic genus with six species, four of which in the Nearctic Region (Melika & Abrahamson 2002), one - B. nawai (Ashmead) in the Eastern Palaearctic, and another - B. pallida in the Western Palaearctic. All species are associated with oaks of section Quercus, on which the asexual generation develops in root galls and the sexual generation in bud galls (Melika 2006b).Published as part of Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta, 2018, The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history, pp. 451-498 in Zootaxa 4521 (4) on pages 470-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261002
Synergus Hartig 1840
No full textSynergus Hartig, 1840 This is the biggest genus of cynipid inquilines, with 117 described species throughout the Holarctic and Neotropical Regions. The genus is found in galls of species associated mostly with deciduous oaks of sections Cerris, Ilex, Lobatae and Quercus. One species is known from Israel on Q. ithaburensis.Published as part of Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta, 2018, The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history, pp. 451-498 in Zootaxa 4521 (4) on page 480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261002
Degradation characteristics of metal/Al2O3/n-InGaAs capacitors
Full text linkImplementation of new materials in Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor stacks requires capabilities to predict long-time degradation as well as the impact of process changes on degradation processes. In this work, the degradation under constant voltage stress of metal gate/Al2O3/InGaAs stacks is studied for different pre-dielectric deposition treatments. The results show that the degradation, particularly under negative bias, is strongly affected by the oxide-semiconductor surface treatment of the samples. Two contributions (interface states and bulk traps) dominate depending on the stress conditions. Surface treatment with NH4OH shows a better quality of the interface in term of interface states; however, it contributes to generation of positive charge on the dielectric layer.Fil: Palumbo, Félix Roberto Mario. Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Israel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Inbar, Moshe. Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Israel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Plagiotrochus coriaceus
No full textPlagiotrochus coriaceus (Mayr, 1882) Host plants. Israel: Q. calliprinos. Elsewhere: Q. ilex and Q. coccifera. Life history. Known only from the leaf galls of the asexual generation, which are slender, single-chambered swellings protruding on both sides of the leaf, 2 mm in diameter, sometimes in aggregations. Phenology. The galls develop in spring and summer and adults emerge the following spring. In Israel old galls were observed in May. Distribution. Israel: Found once in Nahal Sfunim at the foothills of Mt. Carmel. Elsewhere: Western Mediterranean.Published as part of Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta, 2018, The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history, pp. 451-498 in Zootaxa 4521 (4) on page 477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261002
Gall volatiles defend aphids against a browsing mammal
Full text linkBackground: Plants have evolved an astonishing array of survival strategies. To defend against insects, for example, damaged plants emit volatile organic compounds that attract the herbivore’s natural enemies. So far, plant volatile responses have been studied extensively in conjunction with leaf chewing and sap sucking insects, yet little is known about the relationship between plant volatiles and gall-inducers, the most sophisticated herbivores. Here we describe a new role for volatiles as gall-insects were found to benefit from this plant defence.
Results: Chemical analyses of galls triggered by the gregarious aphid Slavum wertheimae on wild pistachio trees showed that these structures contained and emitted considerably higher quantities of plant terpenes than neighbouring leaves and fruits. Behavioural assays using goats as a generalist herbivore confirmed that the accumulated terpenes acted as olfactory signals and feeding deterrents, thus enabling the gall-inducers to escape from inadvertent predation by mammals.
Conclusions: Increased emission of plant volatiles in response to insect activity is commonly looked upon as a “cry for help” by the plant to attract the insect’s natural enemies. In contrast, we show that such volatiles can serve as a first line of insect defences that extends the ‘extended phenotype’ represented by galls, beyond physical boundaries. Our data support the Enemy hypothesis insofar that high levels of gall secondary metabolites confer protection against natural enemies
Dryocosmus Giraud 1859
No full textDryocosmus Giraud, 1859 A Holarctic genus of 29 species, inducing leaf, twig, shoot and bud galls on oaks from sections Cerris; Castanea, and Chrysolepis. Most species are known from both generations. Adults resemble those of Chilaspis but differ from them in certain morphological characters. This is a paraphyletic genus, with seven species in the Western Palaearctic (Cerasa et al. 2018) and many species in the Eastern Palaearctic (Tang et al. 2016a) and the Nearctic Regions (Melika & Abrahamson 2002). Two species are known from Israel on Q. ithaburensis.Published as part of Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta, 2018, The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history, pp. 451-498 in Zootaxa 4521 (4) on page 474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261002
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