73 research outputs found
CATALYTIC CO-GASIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS IN A DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER USING MINERAL CATALYSTS
No full textPRELIMINARY STUDY OF CO-GASIFICATION OF DIFFERENT LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS IN BENCH SCALE REACTOR
No full textUtilisation of biomass energy for power generation is a cheapest and environmental
friendly way via gasification technology. However, challenge with biomass
gasification is shortage of feedstock for continuous gasification process which
consequently interruption in power generation. Mixing ofdifferent biomass materials
improved the physical or morphological behaviour of inferior biomass that reduces
the operational instability ofprocess. Co-gasification of different biomass materials
would enable flexible utilisation of solid feedstock in order to obtained uniform gas
composition for power generation applications. The current research focuses on the
co-gasification of different lignocellulosic biomass materials with different blending
ratios for the quality of syngas and performance of the process. Furthermore, the
temperature profile and syngas flare obtained from different blending ratios of
feedstock were studied. Characterization of biomass materials (wood, OPF and
coconut shell) mainly consists ofultimate analysis, proximate analysis, heating value
and elemental analysis were investigated prior to experiments. The co-gasification
study was carried out in a batch feed downdraft gasifier. The syngas composition
(CO, H2, CH4 and C02) from each experiment was analyzed using Emerson X-Stream
online gas analyzer
Effect of Blending Ratio on Quality of Producer Gas From Co-Gasification of Wood and Coconut Residual
No full textBiomass gasification often encounters the shortage of biomass supply for continuous operation. Co-gasification of different biomass materials is a promising solution that can address the shortage of biomass supply for the continuous gasification process. However, the effectiveness of co-gasification is not well understood. Furthermore, there is nearly no reported work of co-gasification of two or more biomass materials. In this study, two Malaysian local biomass materials, wood residual and coconut shells were co-gasified in a 33.6 kW thermal capacity downdraft gasifier to investigate the effect of blending ratio the on quality of the producer gas. The results show that producer gas composition increased as coconut shells proportion increased in blends of up to 60%. A blend of 40:60 W/CS results in a synergetic effect as compared to discrete gasification of both feedstock. The maximum H2 and CO were obtained as; 11.46 vol.% and 23.99 vol.% respectively at 40:60 W/CS blending ratio. The results achieved from 40:60 W/CS blend were 16.70% and 10.96% higher as compared to pure wood gasification for H2 and CO respectively. It is concluded that coconut shells can be utilized a substitute of wood residual in form of blends or as discrete feedstock for the continuous gasification process without the change in gasifier geometry
Deployment of bioenergy and carbon capture and storage and biochar for the decarbonization of industries in France
No full textThis thesis studies the deployment of pyro-gasification with carbon capture, storage and biochar for the decarbonization of French industry. French industries emit a lot of greenhouse gases as carbon dioxide. This thesis shows how these technologies could help reduce carbon dioxide emissions, trap carbon into biochar, capture carbon dioxide and store it into geological storage. It also shows an economic analysis of this project as well as how it could be viable with a business model and a PESTEL analysis.
Through this work, results show that carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by pyro-gasification and biochar, and by pyro-gasification and car-bon capture, and storage and biochar. The second one helps to reduce carbon dioxide emissions even more. However, as the energy demand of industries is not reduced, we can see an increase of CO2 emissions from 2025 to 2050. All industries cannot be decarbonized since their gas consumption isn’t sufficient for the energy capacity of the technology chosen. For industries with a higher energy consumption than the technology, one part of their energy consumption was decarbonized with synthetic gas. However, to meet the demand of energy, the other part was supply by natural gas. A post energy conversion carbon capture technology was chosen because of its technology readiness level and its efficiency. Geological storage was chosen instead of other storage because France has a lot of underground location to store carbon dioxide. Biochar is either used on the industry location or on another location. Carbon credits for biochar and car-bon capture was generated on the voluntary market. Economically, without surprise, results show that scenario with carbon capture and storage is expensive with a high payback period. This why a solid business model and a PESTEL analysis is important to convince investors to support this kind of projects. Regulations and government support should be improved to also help Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage and biochar
Steam gasification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a focus on investigating effects of calcium oxide, recycled feedstock and bed material
Full text linkPlastic pollution is still a problem as it causes negative environmental health effects, and the increasing demand for plastics contributes to the increase of greenhouse gas emissions. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is a type of plastic commonly used to manufacture beverage bottles, various household containers, single use take-away packaging etc., and while mechanical recycling technology is relatively mature, there is still a significant amount of PET that reaches its end of life in landfill or incineration plants. Gasification is one promising thermochemical method to recover useful products from end-of-life PET. This work investigated the effects of calcium oxide feedstock types, and bed material types on product yields from steam gasification of PET, which have not been studied in previous research. A bubbling fluidized bed gasifier was used, and the products (gas, tars, and solid residue) were analyzed. The results showed that in the presence of CaO, higher gas yield and lower tar yield were obtained due to the catalytic effect of CaO on steam reforming of tar. When recycled PET granulates or flakes were used, the gas yields did not vary significantly compared to virgin PET, which means our previous research regarding virgin PET could be directly applied to recycled PET. When CaO was in the bed instead of being fed with PET, the hydrogen yield was higher. Compared to CaO, calcined dolomite seems less effective in boosting hydrogen yield, probably due to its lower mechanical strength which leads to fragmentation and elutriation. All these insights could subsequently be incorporated in future modelling and experimental studies, and larger scale applications on steam gasification of PET
Technical readiness level of biohydrogen production process and its value chain
No full textThe use of biohydrogen originated from biomass can play an important role in global energy security as it can be used in fuels and chemicals, in addition to its environmental sustainability due to its carbon neutral characteristics. Currently, the capacity of biohydrogen generation is insufficient, while the infrastructure that encompasses biomass waste resource and generation faces various technical-, policy-, and cost-related challenges. Biological and thermochemical processes are the two fundamental routes for the conversion of biomass into biohydrogen. Numerous studies have investigated these processes, which include gasification, pyrolysis, and liquefaction, etc. This chapter aims to provide a critical insight of the technical readiness level of each technology and to analyze the exact level (commercial state, pilot scale, and lab scale) of each technology involving the biomass collection, storage, and product delivery set up. This study will provide a guideline for further research, policymaking, and investment for prospectus investors
Steam gasification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with CaO in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier for enriching H2 in syngas with Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
No full textFunding Information: This work made use of the Aalto University Bioeconomy Facilities. We acknowledge the provision of facilities and technical support by Aalto University at OtaNano-Nanomicroscopy Center (Aalto-NMC). Nordkalk Oy Ab is acknowledged as providing CaO. Vadim Desyatnyk and Mika Ahlgren are acknowledged for the reactor system fabrication. Samuel Wijaya, Mikael Hytti, Juha Linnekoski, Ville Liljeström, and Inge Schlapp-Hackl are acknowledged for providing technical support for the experimental operation, elemental analysis, gas chromatography method development, XRD, and TGA-MS, respectively. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The AuthorsPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) is widely used as packaging and textile materials. Although PET bottles recycling is mature in many countries, steam gasification could be a solution to recover valuable products from end-of-life PET. CaO has been investigated as an absorbent to capture CO2 and improve H2 production in gasification but mostly it was analyzed as an individual effect. As the main novelty, this work studied not only the individual effect of temperature, steam/PET ratio and CaO/PET ratio on gas products, tars, and char but also the combined interaction of them on gas yields using response surface methodology in PET steam gasification with CaO. The experimental work was conducted in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier and mathematical models were fitted with considering all significant terms. The results showed that H2 yield was doubled at 800 °C but increasing by 44% at 750 °C when the CaO/PET ratio raised from 0 to 2.0. Thus, temperature, CaO, and their interaction had significant effect on H2 yield, which was also reflected by the P-values calculated from the coefficients of the mathematical models. Tar analysis showed that benzene accounted for 80 wt% in tar products and adding CaO can reduce benzene by 34%. However, CO2 increased with adding CaO at temperatures of 700 °C – 800 °C implying that CaO mainly functioned as a catalyst instead of an absorbent. The models fitted well in R2 and model validations with non-model-fitting points. Therefore, the models can be applied for the prediction of gas product yield in the studied range.Peer reviewe
Corrigendum to “Steam gasification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with CaO in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier for enriching H2 in syngas with Response Surface Methodology (RSM)” [APEN 348 (2023) 121536] (Applied Energy (2023) 348
No full textThe authors regret to inform the readers that there was a typo in Eq. (9). The coefficient of the term T2 should be −0.000253 instead of −0.0025. Therefore, the correct Eq. 9 should be: [Formula presented] Correspondingly, the contour of CO yield in Fig. 6 (A) based on Eq. (9) should also be replotted.[Formula presented] Other results and conclusions would not be affected by this corrigendum. For example, the validation in Table 6 was conducted with the correct coefficient. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused
Thermochemical Characterization of Oil Palm Fronds, Coconut Shells, and Wood as A Fuel For Heat and Power Generation
No full textThis study investigated the thermochemical characterization of oil palm fronds (OPF), coconut shells (CS) and wood for their use as a solid fuel for thermal conversion processes. The ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, calorific values, and elemental contents through energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of OPF, CS, and wood samples were measured. The results of OPF and CS were compared with wood considered as benchmark solid fuel. Proximate analysis was performed as per ASTM standard procedure in a muffle furnace and used thermos-gravimetric analysis technique. The ultimate analysis was used to determine the weight percentage of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in CHNS analyzer. Elements analysis was done using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The ultimate analysis results show carbon content was higher in CS as compared to OPF and wood. The hydrogen content was higher in OPF. Proximate analysis results revealed that volatile matter was higher in wood, whereas fixed carbon and higher heating value were found higher in CS while ash content was lower in CS. From EDX results found that the OPF has Al, Si, Cl, and K, while, in wood and CS these elements are absent. The thermochemical characterization results of OPF and CS were comparable with the wood. Therefore, it concluded that OPF and CS have the potential to be used as renewable energy source by using appropriate energy conversion technologies, such as gasification, pyrolysis, and torrefaction
Steam gasification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with CaO in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier for enriching H<sub>2</sub> in syngas with Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
No full textPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) is widely used as packaging and textile materials. Although PET bottles recycling is mature in many countries, steam gasification could be a solution to recover valuable products from end-of-life PET. CaO has been investigated as an absorbent to capture CO2 and improve H2 production in gasification but mostly it was analyzed as an individual effect. As the main novelty, this work studied not only the individual effect of temperature, steam/PET ratio and CaO/PET ratio on gas products, tars, and char but also the combined interaction of them on gas yields using response surface methodology in PET steam gasification with CaO. The experimental work was conducted in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier and mathematical models were fitted with considering all significant terms. The results showed that H2 yield was doubled at 800 °C but increasing by 44% at 750 °C when the CaO/PET ratio raised from 0 to 2.0. Thus, temperature, CaO, and their interaction had significant effect on H2 yield, which was also reflected by the P-values calculated from the coefficients of the mathematical models. Tar analysis showed that benzene accounted for 80 wt% in tar products and adding CaO can reduce benzene by 34%. However, CO2 increased with adding CaO at temperatures of 700 °C – 800 °C implying that CaO mainly functioned as a catalyst instead of an absorbent. The models fitted well in R2 and model validations with non-model-fitting points. Therefore, the models can be applied for the prediction of gas product yield in the studied range.</p
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