4 research outputs found
Cardiovascular Consequences of Acute Kidney Injury: Treatment Options
Get PDFSoon after haemodialysis was introduced into clinical practice, a high risk of cardiac death was noted in end-stage renal disease. However, only in the last decade has it become clear that any renal injury, acute or chronic, is associated with high overall and cardiovascular lethality. The need for early recognition of kidney damage in cardiovascular pathology to assess risk and develop tactics for patient management contributed to the emergence of the concept of the “cardiorenal syndrome” (CRS). CRS is a pathophysiological disorder of the heart and kidneys in which acute or chronic dysfunction of one of these organs leads to acute or chronic dysfunction of the other. The beneficial effect of ultrafiltration as a component of renal replacement therapy (RRT) is due to the elimination of hyperhydration, which ultimately affects the improvement in cardiac contractile function. This review considers the theoretical background, current status of CRS, and future potential of RRT, focusing on the benefits of ultrafiltration as a therapeutic option
Glutathione Reductase Is Associated with the Clinical Outcome of Septic Shock in the Patients Treated Using Continuous Veno-Venous Haemofiltration
Get PDFBackground and objectives: At present, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH) in the early treatment of septic shock. This study focuses on the association between survival and different parameters of oxidative stress (RedOx). Thereby, we evaluated whether RedOx markers are associated with the outcome of septic shock in patients under early-initiated CVVH treatment. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of 65 patients with septic shock who started CVVH within 12 h after hospital admission. Blood samples were taken from each patient prior to the start of CVVH. The following RedOx markers were measured: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase (GR), total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated using binary logistic regression and stepwise multivariable regression. Results: The 65 patients had a median age of 66 years and 39 were male. Based on the outcome, the patients were divided into two groups—non-survivors (n = 29) and survivors (n = 36)—and the levels of RedOx markers were compared between them. Of all the markers, only higher GR activity was found to be significantly associated with the fatal outcome; 100.3 U/L versus 60.5 U/L, OR = 1.027 (95% CI, 1.010–1.044). Following adjustment for the sequential organ failure assessment score and other parameters, GR activity still presented a significant association with the fatal outcome, OR = 1.020 (95% CI, 1.002–1.038). Conclusions: GR activity is associated with in-hospital fatal outcomes among septic shock patients under early-initiated CVVH treatment. Septic shock patients who have a lower GR activity at hospital admission may have a favourable outcome of the early initiation of CVVH
Chemical and physical environmental risks for 3D printer maintenance staff
No full text“3D drukāšanas iekārtu apkalpojošā personāla ķīmiskie un fizikālie darba vides riski”. Darba autore: Anete Bušmane. Zinātniskā vadītāja: Dr.chem. Elīna Pajuste. Darba apjoms ir 64 lpp., tajās ietvertas 9 tabulas, 26 attēli, 1 pielikums un 42 literatūras avoti. 3D drukas nozarē no digitāla formāta tiek izdrukāts reāls un aptaustāms objekts, šī nozare līdz šim maz izpētīta ne tikai Latvijā, bet visā pasaulē. Galvenie faktori uz kuriem tiek vērsta uzmanība zinātniskajos rakstos un pētījumos, ir par nozarē sastopamajiem ķīmiskajiem un fizikālajiem riska faktoriem. Zinātnisko pētījumu šajā jomā nav daudz, un tie kas šobrīd ir pieejami nav ar viennozīmīgu informāciju, Latvijā šī nozare līdz šim nav tikusi pētīta. Darbs sastāv no 4 daļām, kuru ietvaros veikta literatūras izpēte, izvēlēto metožu raksturojums, iegūto rezultātu analīze, izstrādāti priekšlikumi un aizsardzības pasākumi. Maģistra darbā izmantotās metodes: anketēšana, ķīmisko un fizikālo rādītāju mērījumi darba vides gaisā. Iegūtie pētījuma rezultāti ļauj secināt, ka 3D drukas nozarē nodarbinātie ir pakļauti putekļu un dažādu gaistošo organisko savienojumu ietekmei un ir nepieciešams pievērst papildus uzmanību šai nozarei no darba aizsardzības viedokļa, jo tā šobrīd ir strauji augoša. Atslēgvārdi: 3D druka, ķīmiskie riska faktori, fizikālie riska faktori, drukas iekārtas.“Chemical and physical environmental risks for 3D printer maintenance staff.” Author of work: Anete Busmane. Scientific supervisor: Dr.chem. Elina Pajuste. The total amount consists of 64 pages, 9 tables, 26 pictures, 1 appendices and 42 sources. 3D printing is industry, a real and informative object is printed out from a digital format, and this sector has not been studied so far not only in Latvia but throughout the world. The main factors underlying attention in scientific papers and studies are the chemical and physical risk factors in the industry. There is not much scientific research in this field, and those who are currently not available with unambiguous information, this sector has not been studied in Latvia until now. The work consists of 4 parts, in which literature research was conducted, the characteristics of the chosen methods, analysis of the obtained results, proposals and protective measures were developed. Methods used in the master's thesis: surveys, measurements of chemical and physical parameters in the working environment. The results of the study suggest that workers in the 3D printing industry are exposed to the effects of dust and various volatile organic compounds, and it is necessary to pay extra attention to this sector from the point of view of labour protection as it is currently fast growing. Keywords: 3D printing, chemical risk factors, physical risk factors, printers
The results of the treatment of the cutaneous melanoma radical surgery in the Oncology Centre of Latvia of the Riga East University Hospital
No full textTēmas aktualitāte: Ādas melanomas sastopamība turpina ik gadu pieaugt, ne tikai visā pasaulē, bet arī Latvijā. Neskatoties uz plaši veiktajiem sabiedrības izglītošanas pasākumiem, melanomas pacientu mirstība nav ievērojami samazinājusies. Mērķis: Raksturot saslimstību ar ļaundabīgo ādas melanomu un izvērtēt sargmezglu biopsijas rezultātus. Materiāli: Aprakstošs retrospektīvs pētījums tika veikts Rīgas Austrumu klīniskās universitātes slimnīcas stacionārā “Latvijas Onkoloģijas centrs”. Pētījumā tika iekļauti 134 pacienti ar pirmreizēji diagnosticētu ādas ļaundabīgo melanomu, un radikāli ķirurģiski ekscidēta laika periodā no 2012.gada janvāra līdz 2012.gada decembrim. Dati tika ievākti no pacientu slimības vēsturēm “Latvijas Onkoloģijas centra” dokumentu arhīvā. Rezultāti: Pētījumā tika iekļauti 134 pacienti no kuriem, sievietes bija 56% (n=75), , vīrieši 44% (n=59). Vidējais vecums 61,26 ± 15,99 gadi. Ievērojami vairāk pacientu bija pēc 50 gadu vecuma – 77% (n=104). ĶMI bija robežās no 19,23 kg/m2 līdz 48,07 kg/m2 ar vidējo vērtību 29,32 ± 5,60 kg/m2. Biežākā melanomas lokalizācija bija uz muguras – 32,8% (n=44). Sievietēm biežāk uz apakšējām ekstremitātēm 33% (n=25), vīriešiem uz muguras 35,6% (n=21), (p=0,001). Melanoma ar izčūlojumu bija 56,3% pacientiem, visvairāk II stadijā, savukārt I stadijā bija visvairāk melanomu bez izčūlojuma (p=0,001). 20% pacientu melanomas biezums pēc Breslova bija ≤ 1,0 mm, bet vairāk par 1,0 mm bija 80% pacientiem, no kuriem visvairāk 34,4% bija vecuma grupā pēc 69 gadu vecuma. Salīdzinot melanomas biezumu un pacientu vecumu, tika novērots, ka pieaugot pacientu vecumam, pieaug melanomas biezums pēc Breslova (p=0,031). Rezultātos par lielumu un biezumu pēc Breslova bija vērojama statistiski ticama saistība (p=0,004). Sargmezgla biopsija tika veikta 30 pacientiem, no kuriem 5 pacientiem tika konstatētas mikrometastāzes sargmezglā. Ir zināms, ka no pētījumā iekļautajiem pacientiem trīs ir miruši, no tiem divi pacienti ir miruši divu gadu laikā no melanomas diagnozes uzstādīšanas un viens pacients pusgada laikā. Secinājumi: Pētijuma ietvaros pārsvarā ir vērojamas kopīgas tendences ādas melanomas pacientu vidū pasaulē un Latvijā.Title: The results of the treatment of the cutaneous malanoma radical surgery in the Oncology Centre of Latvia of the Riga East University Hospital Author: Antra Busmane, medical student Supervisor: Dr.med. Inese Kolontaja Zaube Introduction: The occurrence of skin melanoma keeps raising not only all around the world, but also in Latvia. Despite of all the preventive and educational campaigns the death rate of patients with melanoma has not declined considerabely. Aim: To carachtarize the morbidity with malignant skin malanoma and to assess the results of sentinel node biopsy. Materials: The descriptive retrospective study was conducted in the clinical Oncology Centre of Latvia of the Riga East University Hospital. There were 134 patients included in the study who were diagnosed with malignant skin melanoma for the first time and which was radically surgically excised from January to December 2012. The data was collected from the madical histories of patients from the archive of Oncology Centre of Latvia. Results: There were 134 patients included in the study out of which 56% (n=75) were women, 44% (n=59) were men. Mean age 61,26 ± 15,99 years. There were considerably more patients after age of 50 – 77% (n=104). BMI was in a range from 19,23 kg/m2 to 48,07 kg/m2 with the mean value of 29,32 ± 5,60 kg/m2. Most oftenly the melanoma was localized on the back – 32,8% (n=44). For women most oftenly on the lower limbs – 33% (n=25), for men – on the back – 35,6% (n=21), (p=0,001). 56,3% of the patients had melanoma with ulceration, mostly in stage II, but patients with melanoma in stage I, mostly had melanoma without ulceration (p=0,001). 20% of the patients had melanoma with Breslow thickness ≤ 1,0 mm, but for 80% of the patients – more than 1,0 mm out of which 34,4% where in the age group after the age of 69. Comparing the thickness of melanoma and the age of the patients, it was observed that as the age of the patients increases, then Breslow thickness of melanoma also increases (p=0,031). There was oserved a statistically believable connection between the results about the size and Breslow thickness of melanoma (p=0,004). The biobsy of sentinel node was conducted for 30 patients and micrometastasis were found for 5 patients. It is known that three patients included in the study have died, out of which two died in two year time period after the melanoma was diagnosed and one died in a half year time period after the melanoma was diagnosed. Conclusions: In many aspects the study shows that there are common tendencies between skin melanoma petients globally and in Latvia
