4 research outputs found
Post-tsunami Indonesia:An enquiry into the success of interface in Indonesian tsunami early warning system
No full textAs a result of the massive death and destruction caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, developing effective disaster preparedness strategies became a priority among countries in the region. The Indian Ocean end-to-end tsunami warning and mitigation system was established in the years following the tsunami and became fully operational in 2013. A tsunami warning system is typically divided into two stages, upstream and downstream. The former deals with detecting the earthquake and predicting the tsunami, and the latter focuses on disseminating the tsunami warning and evacuating people. Between the upstream and downstream there is an interface, where the tsunami information is evaluated at the national level, a decision to issue a warning is taken, and an official evacuation order can be given. The operation of interface mechanism differs across countries, depending on specific political, social, cultural and geographical circumstances. A detailed study of four countries in the Indian Ocean region was undertaken to understand the technical, legal and socio-cultural complexities that occur during operationalisation of the interface. The findings of the Indonesian case study and a detailed analysis of the interface arrangements in the Indonesian tsunami early warning system (Ina-TEWS) are presented in this chapter. An initial literature review was carried out and a conceptual framework was developed. Data collection was carried out using interviews and focus group discussions. Descriptive and content analysis methods were used for data analysis and organised under the themes of the conceptual framework. Ina-TEWS was reviewed against each parameter in the conceptual framework to understand how the interface arrangements have developed and performed since its inception. The findings revealed several gaps in the operationalisation of the interface arrangements in Ina-TEWS, and these were used to inform recommendations that could be used to make improvements in the future. Due to the geographical and administrative factors, the Ina-TEWS operates in a decentralised manner. The local level mechanisms are uniquely complex in Ina-TEWS, and there is a need to expand and clarify the guidelines for the local stakeholders. The involvement of many stakeholders at both national and local levels necessitates clarity about the functions, SOPs and legal obligation of each actor. The communication networks and the coordination among the interface institutions also need to be improved for effective operation of the Ina-TEWS. However, the decentralised nature of the interface mechanism provides opportunities for quick delivery of warning and evacuation information, as for evaluation and feedback processes. A summary of the centralised and decentralised components of the interface mechanism is provided in the conclusion
Development of Nationwide Vs30 Map and Calibrated Conversion Table for Indonesia using Automated Topographical Classification
No full textA nationwide Vs30 map for Indonesia was developed based on automated topographic classification from 90-m grid digital elevation data and their correlation with Vs30. Automated topographic classification has been proposed by Iwahashi and Pike (2007) and a procedure to convert topographic class into Vs30 maps has been developed by Imamura and Furuta (2015) based on Vs data from J-SHIS (Japan Seismic Hazard Information System). In order to be suitable for Indonesia, calibration work according to Imamura and Furuta's procedure should be conducted since the geotechnical conditions in Japan may not be the same as in Indonesia. This paper presents adjustment of the Vs30 correlation by Imamura and Furuta to convert topographic class into Vs30 and construct a Vs30 map of Indonesia. This correlation was calibrated by using Vs data from BMKG (Indonesian Agency for Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysics) as well as standard penetration test logs that were collected by the authors. Utilization of local field measurement data will certainly enhance the reliability of the Vs30 map. The developed nationwide Vs30 map will be very useful for disaster mitigation programs and for preliminary design of earthquake resistant buildings and infrastructure in Indonesia.</jats:p
Unveiling transboundary challenges in river flood risk management:learning from the Ciliwung River basin
No full textTo cope with massive development, many urban and surrounding rural areas have been agglomerated into a greater metropolitan area, aiming for regional economic development. Many of these metropolitan areas have experienced a dramatic increase in impacted area and economic loss from annual flooding. The issues and challenges emerging from transboundary river flood risk management have become a major concern for the Jakarta metropolitan area with a long river basin crossing several administrative jurisdictions. Previous studies have addressed the challenges of flood risk, but they have tended to overlook transboundary issues and power sharing. To tackle future flood events, this paper aims to unveil transboundary challenges and power sharing in flood management, learning from Ciliwung River. As the longest river basin crossing cities and regencies of Greater Jakarta, the complexity of Ciliwung flood risk management was driven by flood variables triggered not only by natural, physical, and socioeconomic factors, but also by transboundary challenges and power sharing. A total of 13 significant transboundary flood drivers were identified from the literature, policy, and practices. Using Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement (MICMAC), a power–dependency model, several strategic key flood drivers were further recognized based on key stakeholders' perspectives obtained from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Findings of the study show that a lack of control of spatial plans and weak stakeholder coordination–cooperation are found to be the priority key flood drivers for risk reduction intervention. Finally, this study contributes to the literature on governance of flood risk management by emphasizing the need for a coordinated and integrated approach to mitigate flood risks that extend beyond administrative boundaries, enhancing overall resilience and sustainability
Perubahan Pengaturan Masa Jabatan Hakim Konstitusi Dan Implikasinya Perspektif Pendekatan Sistem Jasser Auda
No full textAbstract: The DPR has again initiated changes to the term of office of constitutional judges through the Fourth Amendment to the Constitutional Court Law (UU MK). Through the revised draft that has been circulated in the public, the provisions on the term of office that were originally set until retirement age (age 70) as stated in Article 87 letter b of the MK Law, are to be changed to a term of office of 5-10 years with an evaluation mechanism by the proposing institution. This revision has reaped controversy in society, especially among legal experts and academics. Therefore, researchers will discuss the changes from the perspective of the Jasser Auda system approach. This system approach is important to use, because changes regarding the rules on the term of office must be considered comprehensively and based on clear parameters and benefits and can have a positive influence on the independence of the judiciary. This type of research is normative legal research with a statutory regulatory approach. The research method used is library research. The results of the study indicate that changes to the regulation on the term of office of constitutional judges do not meet the features of the Jasser Auda system approach and will later have implications for weakening the independence of judges and abuse of authority. This condition also has an impact on reducing the credibility of the Constitutional Court and injuring the principles of the rule of law and democracy.
Keywords: Constitutional Judges; Term of Office; a System Approach of Jasser Auda
Abstrak: DPR kembali menginisiasi perubahan masa jabatan hakim konstitusi melalui Perubahan Keempat Undang-Undang Mahkamah Konstitusi (UU MK). Melalui draf revisi yang telah tersebar di publik, ketentuan masa jabatan yang semula ditetapkan hingga usia pensiun (usia 70 tahun) sebagaimana tertuang dalam Pasal 87 huruf b UU MK, hendak dirubah dengan masa jabatan selama 5-10 tahun dengan mekanisme evaluasi oleh lembaga pengusul. Revisi ini telah menuai kontriversi di masyarakat khususnya para pakar hukum dan akademisi. Oleh karenanya, peneliti akan membahas perubahan tersebut menurut perspektif pendekatan sistem Jasser Auda. Pendelatan sistem ini penting untuk dipakai, sebab perubahan mengenai aturan masa jabatan haruslah dilakukan pertimbangan secara menyeluruh dan didasarkan pada parameter dan manfaat yang jelas serta dapat membawa pengaruh positif terhadap independensi kekuasaan kehakiman. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Metode penelitian yang duganakan adalah studi kepustakaan (library research). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan pengaturan masa jabatan hakim konstitusi tidak memenuhi fitur-fitur pendekatan sistem Jasser Auda dan nantinya akan berimplikasi melemahkan independensi hakim dan penyalahgunaan wewenang. Kondisi tersebut juga membawa dampak bagi menurunnya kredibilitas Mahkamah Konstitusi dan tercederainya prinsip negara hukum dan demokrasi.
Kata Kunci: Hakim Konstitusi; Masa Jabatan; Pendekatan Sistem Jasser Aud
