3,658 research outputs found
Medicine disaster in Pakistan points to enhanced safety role for pharmacists
No full textRecently many patients with heart problems have suffered severe reactions to a number of substandard drugs. Syed Shahzad Hasan and Syed Imran Ahmed discuss the implications</p
Medicine disaster in Pakistan points to enhanced safety role for pharmacists
No full textRecently many patients with heart problems have suffered severe reactions to a number of substandard drugs. Syed Shahzad Hasan and Syed Imran Ahmed discuss the implications</p
Environmental Waqf for climate action in the light of Maqasid al-‘Imran: (Hifz al-‘Imran or Hifz al-Bi’ah)
Get PDFEnvironmental degradation has become one of the most pressing global challenges, impacting the entire planet. One of the potential solutions is Waqf, which can contribute significantly to environmental sustainability, including forest restoration and renewable energy development. Hence, this study aims to explore the role of environmental Waqf in addressing climate change, with a focus on the Hifz al-‘Imran (protection of the environment), and to highlight its potential to contribute to effective climate action. The study concludes that Hifz al-‘Imran can provide a strong conceptual foundation for aligning environmental conservation and climate action with the higher objectives of Islamic law
Role of Life Skills Based Education (LSBE) in Empowerment of Adolescents in Pakistan
No full textChildren and young people are considered the future and face of a society. Children face a number of challenges because of exposure to many new issues and situations in adolescence. . The LSBE has been taught to thousands of students in many areas of Pakistan under projects of different non-governmental organizations. The study was an attempt to explore the role of Life Skills Based Education (LSBE) in developing the capacity of adolescents to feel empowered in taking appropriate decisions in routine daily lives. LSBE is an approach of building capacity of adolescents in the age of puberty to get informed of the issues i.e. communication skills, self-awareness, gender, puberty and body changes, infectious diseases etc. through specially designed curriculums
The study will cover the students and teachers of high schools. For the purpose the target population considered was all the students and teachers of five targeted districts (Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, Quetta, and Karachi) who studied LSBE under the initiative of and INGO Rutgers WPF . The proposed research adopted both the qualitative and quantitative approaches with a focus on qualitative data to get the reliable information. A sample of 1500 students was taken for the collection of pre-test and post-test data. In addition, data was collected from the students and teachers in the form of the stories of Most Significant Change as well as through FGDs with students and the teachers.
The results shown a significant positive difference in score of students regarding their knowledge of the basic life skills as well as their self-esteem and confidence as improved in addition to acceptance and understanding of puberty and body changes related issues of adolescents. Furthermore, the acceptance of gender just norms and disapproval of gender based violence and behavior change regarding protection from diseases was also reported. Finally, it was found that life skills based education has a positive impact on overall schools’ environment
The Role of Fathers’ Overseas Migration in Educational Performance of Female Children in Sindh, Pakistan
Get PDFThe process of out-migration has significantly been associated with the welfare of the households at origin across the world. The process of migration is mainly initiated from Pakistan with a prime objective to elevate the social position as there are only a few opportunities left for the people to work and earn for livings. The overall size of international migrants from Sindh province is a handful (approximately .9 million) and the majority of these migrants moved to the Gulf region but some also moved to the rest of the world particularly in Europe and the US. The impact of migration can be seen on many aspects of households of migrants but for the current research, it is focused only on female children’s education in the case of Khairpur (Mir’s) district in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. The selection of the respondents was made by using purposive sampling technique. The data was collected from 120 households of migrants who at least had one member living abroad and sending remittances regularly. The focus of the current research was on two major aspects; (a) out-migration and inflow of remittances and (b) educational outcomes of the female children studying at primary school level. It is perceived that migration of father and subsequently the inflow of remittances can make a huge difference for the educational outcomes of female children. In some cases, the inflow of remittances leads toward the improvement in the educational performance of the female children
Child Abuse in Automobile Workshops in Islamabad, Pakistan
Get PDFEvery year, approximately one million children become victims of abuse by peers, teachers, parents and Ustad (master or the head mechanic). The Ustad sodomize these children at workshops, where they come to gain skills, and earn for their families’ livelihood. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nature and intensity of child abuse in automobile workshops in Islamabad, and to know the self-perception of these victimized children about such actions of their masters. The social learning theory, which is the most applicable theory to study child abuse, explains that the abuse is learned through actions and observations. The masters learned the abusive behavior from their masters, and thus the vicious cycle goes on from one generation to another in the same pattern. The researchers have used the qualitative research approach, and the data were collected from ten (10) automobile workshops in Barakahu, Islamabad, through semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) with the children and their masters. The findings of the research showed that children with ages ranging from 14 to 17 years, work as trainees for more than 11 hours a day, at different automobile workshops in Islamabad, where they fall victim to physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. They faced abuse frequently, but they were unable to complain anywhere, as they deemed it the right of their masters to abuse them. Only a small portion of the respondents accepted the fact that, they have faced sexual abuse in addition to physical and emotional abuse. There is no such formal way through which physical and sexual abuse can be prevented. The majority of the respondents stated that as long as they are under the tutelage of the masters, they can tolerate the abuse, because masters teach them with skills and know-how. Once, they become masters themselves, they get rid of this ill-treatment. The master and some children accomplice in the abuse have a positive impact on children’s learning process, and the parents of these children also encouraged the masters to punish their offsprings during trainings, so they can become perfectly skilled and knowledgeable by the end the target period
Life of Afghan Scavenger Children in Pakistan: A qualitative analysis of scavengers' situation in Rawalpindi, Pakistan
No full textThe nature of this study was qualitative and covers the children collecting the Garbage and Rag picking in Rawalpindi city. In the study, Afghan scavengers were selected for qualitative analyses. The family backgrounds of these scavengers and the demographic factors were also analyzed. Most of the qualitative methods including key informant interviews, visit and stay in the area, In-depth interview of 50 participants was applied to observe the phenomenon and collect the relevant information. The process of scavenging and the situation explored presented that besides poverty and economic pressure, the migration, independent nature of scavenging work, higher income as capered to other forms of child labor and increased urbanization were the major causes behind the phenomenon. The study also revealed that scavenging children face isolation due to their Afghan identity, higher health risks due to unprotected exposure to hazardous waste and routine violence from people. A comprehensive strategy is required for dealing with this issue in society
PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PAKISTANI PHYSICAL THERAPISTS
Get PDFObjectives: To find quality of life (QOL) related to psychological health and its associated factors in Pakistani physical therapists. Methodology: A cross sectional-analytical study was conducted among Pakistani physical therapists, working in different teaching institutes and hospitals. The sample size was (n=464) qualified physical therapists age between 22-50 years selected through convenient sampling technique. Data was collected through general demographic questionnaire including age, gender qualification, marital status, job type, job nature, financial, family and health issues, job satisfaction, overall satisfaction, and for psychological health WHO Quality of Life (WHO-QOL) was used. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21 and the results were presented as mean±SD, frequency (n) and percentages (%) of physical therapist according to their psychological health and p-value and chi-square test was used to identify association between variables. Results: The mean age of study participant was 27.02±3.79 and mean psychological health score was 36.49±17.38 that showed that average population of PTs had poor psychological health. The psychological health showed significant association (p≤0.05) with gender, nature of job, financial issues, health issues and salary satisfaction. Conclusion: The majority of physical therapists have poor psychological health. The male gender, PTs working in both clinical and academic settings, financial issues, family issues their health status and unsatisfied job contribute in poor quality of life related to psychological health
Synthesis, characterisation and charge storage behaviour of some transition metal nitrides
No full textThe application of nanostructured materials with ordered morphologies and properties to electrochemical capacitors (ECs) is being studied in order to provide enhanced energy density without comprising their inherent high power density and excellent cyclability. In this study we have synthesised some metal nitrides through various routes using non-oxide precursor sources and studied their structure, composition and morphology. As synthesised materials were made in to electrodes and their capacitances were measured using cyclic voltammetry.Manganese nitrides were obtained in a solvothermal synthesis by reacting MnCl2 and LiNH2. Nanotubes at 350 °C or spherical shape particles were seen at higher temperatures. Capacitances were seen to drop with scan number when run for longer periods at higher scan rates. Molybdenum nitride samples were obtained by solution phase ammonolysis of MoCl5 or Mo(NMe2)4 to obtain the polymers. Annealing the choloroimide polymer yielded hexagonal MoN at 500 °C, rock salt Mo2N at 700 °C and above and a mix of both the phases at 600 °C. Imide derivatives yielded distorted cubic up to 800 °C and a mix of hexagonal and rock salt at high temperature. Nanotubes were obtained from imide derivatives up to 900 °C, while spherical particles above this temperature and for chloroimide derivatives at any temperature. CVs obtained for chloroimide derivatives show to double layer supercapacitors dominating over redox reaction, while imide derivatives were found to be redox in nature. Chloroimide samples show high capacities up to 247 F g-1 at 2 mV s-1 and long cycling lifetime for both the derivatives through 1000 cycles.Vanadium nitride samples were obtained by solution phase ammonolysis of V(NMe2)4. Annealing the polymer at various temperatures under NH3 produced VN with standard rock salt structure at 500-1000 °C while distorted rock salt in the samples obtained at lower temperature. Particles were found to be spherical in shape. Highest capacitance of 128 F g-1 was seen for the sample obtained at 600 °C at lower 2 mV s-1. Capacitance was found to be stable through 1000 scans only when a short potential window was used. TiN samples were produced by obtaining a precursor from solution phase ammonolysis of Ti(NMe2)4 and annealing the precursor under ammonia or through sol-gel route using long chain amines as the templating agents. PXD patterns showed rock salt TiN with broad peaks at 500 °C or highly crystalline at 800 °C. TEM images suggested particles to be spherical in shape. A fairly high surface area of 319 m2 g-1 was observed for the sample obtained from annealing the HDA/PrNH2 polymer at 500 °C. Cyclic voltammograms showed poor charge storage and most of the samples tend to oxidise rapidly in aqueous KOH. VN/C samples were obtained carrying an overnight reaction of V(NMe2)4 with NH3 in a hydrothermal bomb at various temperature. PXD reviled rock salt VN, some distortion was in the structure was found in the sample obtained at lower temperature. TEM images show vanadium nitride nano particles with carbon nanotubes. Specific capacitances were observed to be decreased with scan number through 100 cycles in 1 M KOH
Synthesis of transition metal nitrides and silicon based ternary nitrides
No full textSolution phase ammonolysis and sol-gel techniques that produce polymeric metal-amide precursors are of growing interest in the synthesis of nitride materials, which result from the thermal decomposition of the polymer. They can be used to control composition and to produce a large number of useful morphologies such as nanoparticles, films, monoliths, aerogels, and materials with large surface area such as foams. The synthesis of nitride materials using ammonolysis of metal amides and chlorides has so far largely focused on producing powders for applications such as catalysis, or thin films by chemical vapour deposition and related techniques.In this thesis, formation of tantalum and molybdenum nitride nanoparticles and metal-silicon nitride based nanocomposites have been synthesised using non-oxide precursors by solution phase ammonolysis and sol-gel methods respectively. For tantalum nitride nanoparticles Ta(NMe2)5 in THF was ammonolysed with ammonia at - 78 °C and the polymeric precursor was pyrolysed at various temperatures under ammonia. Amorphous TaN was obtained at 700 °C and below, while Ta3N5 was obtained at 800 °C under ammonia and also by re-annealing the amorphous samples at 800 °C under nitrogen. Molybdenum nitride powders were obtained by solution phase ammonolysis of MoCl5 or Mo(NMe2)4 and further annealing the polymeric precursors on different temperatures. The chloride precursor resulted in hexagonal MoNx at 500 °C, or rock salt MoNx at 700-1000 °C and mixture of both at 600 °C. The amide precursor resulted phase pure hexagonal MoNx at 600 °C and rock salt mixed with hexagonal at 1000 °C. Samples produced at 600 °C consisted mainly of nanotubes. Some decomposition to molybdenum metal was found in MoN obtained at 1000 °C from either precursor source.Co-ammonolysis of Ta(NMe2)5 or Mo(NMe2)4 with Si(NHMe)4 was carried out using sol-gel technique. Polymeric metal-silicon amide precursors were annealed at 600 or 1000 °C. The Ta/Si precursor produced amorphous nanocomposites and no phase segregation was observed even after high temperature annealing. With molybdenum the products were nanocomposites of molybdenum nitride particles, including nanotubes, supported on a silicon nitride amorphous matrix
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