1,721,917 research outputs found
Reducing EMF via energy-efficient inter-frequency small cell discovery
No full textNo abstract available
Reducing EMF emissions in ultra-reliable low-latency communications with HARQ
No full textNo abstract available
Wireless control for life-critical actions
No full textHealthcare is one of the application areas of real‐time wireless communications and control. With the development of communication and control technologies, there is a potential to transfer not only observed data but also skills over wireless links. Telesurgery and remote diagnosis are examples of transferring skills with real‐time wireless control. Such applications include observing patients as well as diagnosing them remotely, which is the transfer of skills of doctor to the remote location. In this chapter, we discuss real‐time wireless control for life‐critical actions. In particular, we introduce the basics of wireless control systems and discuss the fundamental design capabilities needed to realize real‐time wireless control, with primary emphasis given to communication‐control co‐design. The goal is to provide integrated solutions for life‐critical actions in healthcare. A co‐design system model is proposed and explained in detail. Simulation results are discussed and benefits of co‐design are depicted in terms of both control and communication performance
Conclusion
No full text"The Role of 6G and Beyond on the Road to Net-Zero Carbon" has explored the transformative potential of 6G technology in addressing the urgent global challenge of climate change and achieving a net-zero carbon society. Throughout this book, we have examined various facets of 6G's contribution to sustainability, from energy-efficient hardware and architectures to innovative applications and integration with renewable energy sources.
The journey towards a net-zero carbon future requires collaborative efforts from researchers, engineers, policymakers, and industry leaders. By harnessing the power of 6G, we can create a greener and more sustainable communication infrastructure that significantly reduces carbon emissions while providing seamless connectivity and technological advancements
Energy harvesting in LoRaWAN: a cost analysis for the industry 4.0
Full text linkExploiting the advantages brought by long-range radio communications and extremely low power consumptions, LoRaWAN is capable to support low rate industry 4.0 services. Despite being energy efficient, LoRa motes can still undergo frequent battery replenishments caused by the monitoring requirements of industrial applications. Duty-cycle constrained operations can partially face this issue at the expense of increased communication delays, which, in turn, inflate higher costs due to damaged products on the production line. This letter proposes a model to analyze this cost tradeoff against different sensing intervals. It further highlights the impact of energy harvesting sources on this cost relationship mapping a way toward improved production efficiency
Energy-efficient LoRaWAN for industry 4.0 applications
Full text linkThanks to its inherent capabilities (such as, fairly long radio coverage with extremely low power consumption), LoRaWAN can support a wide spectrum of low rate use-cases in the industry 4.0. In this paper, both plain and energy harvesting industrial environments are considered to study the performance of LoRa radios for industrial automation. In the first instance, a model is presented to investigate LoRaWAN in the industry 4.0 in terms of battery life, battery replacement cost, and damage penalty. Then, the energy harvesting potential, available within an industry 4.0, is highlighted to demonstrate the impact of harvested energy on the battery life and sensing interval of LoRa motes deployed across a production facility. The key outcome of these investigations is the cost trade-off analysis between battery replacement and damage penalty along different sensing intervals which demonstrates a linear increase in aggregate cost up to £1500 in case of 5 min sensing interval in plain (non-energy harvesting) industrial environment while it tends to decrease after a certain interval up to five times lower in Energy Harvesting (EH) scenarios. In addition, the carbon emissions due to the presence of LoRa motes and the annual CO2 emission savings per node have been recorded up to 3 kg/kWh when fed through renewable energy sources. The analysis presented herein could be of great significance towards a green industry with cost and energy efficiency optimization
Performance analysis on wireless blockchain IoT system
No full textOne critical step in deploying blockchain in wireless communication networks is to understand the relationship between communications and blockchain, as well as the performance constraints posing on their counterparts. As such, in this chapter, we aim at establishing an analytical model for blockchain-enabled wireless IoT systems by modeling their spatial and temporal characteristics as Poisson point processes (PPP). We then derive the distribution of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), blockchain transaction successful rate, as well as its overall throughput. Based on this performance analysis, we design an algorithm to determine the optimal full function node deployment for blockchain systems under the criterion of maximizing transaction throughput. In addition, the security performance of the proposed system is analyzed considering three different types of malicious attacks. Numerical results validate the accuracy of our theoretical analysis and optimal node deployment algorithm
Pervasive sensing: macro to nanoscale
No full textTechnological breakthroughs in the fields of nano‐fabrication have enabled us to realize miniaturized communication systems. Nano‐scale pervasive sensing is a vision through which vital physiological data of a patient are captured with the help of self‐powered nano‐sensors that are positioned on human skin. The collected data can then be used for a variety of diagnostic purposes. This chapter deals with the challenges involved in the deployment of these nano‐scale sensing networks. Specifically, we discuss the terahertz frequency electromagnetic wave propagation on human skin with the help of which nano‐scale communication takes places
Intelligent reflective surfaces (IRSs) for green networks
No full textPower efficiency is a critical aspect of green communication as it aims to reduce the carbon footprint of telecommunication networks. Numerous challenges and problems need to be addressed to achieve energy-efficient wireless networks. The deployment and operation of wireless network infrastructure, including base stations (BSs) and access points, demand significant energy resources. Signal propagation poses another challenge, as wireless signals experience attenuation and interference, necessitating higher transmission power to maintain reliable communication. Therefore, developing environmentally friendly solutions for wireless communication is essential. Intelligent reflective surfaces (IRSs) are a novel passive technology that can improve the efficiency of wireless networks. The integration of IRSs into the wireless network reduces the number of active transceivers, enhances coverage, and improves the quality of wireless signals. In contrast to the active technologies such as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), active beamforming, and relay networks, which demand extra energy and complicated hardware, IRS is a passive solution, that does not need any radio frequency (RF)-chains, thus, it can be easily integrated into the network, leading to lower energy consumption and a smaller carbon footprint of the network.
This chapter aims to present a comprehensive study on applications and design aspects of the IRS in future wireless networks focussing on promoting the use of IRS in green communication and achieving sustainable development goals. The concept of IRS technology and its architecture is presented, and then we highlight the advantages and possible use cases for integrating IRSs into the wireless network. Finally, the IRS is compared with active solutions in terms of its benefits in terms of signal quantity, power efficiency, and sustainability
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