1,720,982 research outputs found
Breaking down the barriers: educational paths, labour market outcomes and wellbeing of children of immigrants
Full text linkThe goal of successfully incorporating ethnic minorities represents a decisive challenge for modern societies. However, migratory background continues to negatively affect the life trajectories of migrants’ descendants. ‘Hard’ and ‘soft’ barriers determine long-term inequality gaps and low intergenerational social mobility in both longstanding and more recent European immigration countries. This special issue complements the sparse findings on education, labour market outcome and wellbeing relating to immigrant offspring by providing original insight in order to individuate strategies for removing the obstacles that the descendants of migrants face. In-depth analyses have been performed for specific Southern European contexts in order to explore the specific inequality patterns that are emerging in these more recent and unexplored immigration contexts. The main findings suggest that the lower academic performances of immigrants’ descendants can be raised through language-support programmes, mentoring programmes, positive role and disciplinary climate, extra-scholastic activities and parental involvement. Equality opportunities in education should support school-to-work transitions and better allocate the underutilised human capital reserves of migrants’ descendants. Conversely, long-lasting penalties in educational careers and integration processes may arise when children are physically separated from their parents because of delayed family reunification
Living arrangements of immigrants’ children in Europe
No full textThe increasing interest in children of immigrants is not surprising given that they are reshaping European societies and their behavioral patterns represent a challenging issue. Many studies have been devoted to their educational outcomes and social mobility pathways while family dynamics and patterns among immigrants and ethnic minorities were under-researched topics for many years, especially in the Southern Europe where the peculiar traits of migration regime may play a role. In this paper, we aim at analyzing living arrangements and household behaviors of immigrant descendants encountering three dimensions, namely migration generation, area of origin and area of destination. Using the 2008 ad-hoc module on migrant workers of the EU Labor Force Survey, we found that young migrants or descendants of migrant parents are strongly influenced by different contextual behaviors according to their country of destination supporting the existence of at least two main different patterns of living arrangements in Europe. In the Centre-North European countries, the behaviors of immigrants’ children tend to align with those of the majority of the population suggesting a prevailing adaptation mechanism. Conversely, in the Mediterranean countries, we also found evidence of a socialization effect linked to the persistent role of cultural traits acquired by parents in their country of origin and transmitted to their children
A DIFFICULT SOCIAL MOBILITY: THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN OF SOUTHERN PARENTS EMIGRATED TO CENTRAL AND MORTH ITALY
No full textFare famiglia in Italia: istantanea in movimento
No full textL'Italia è un Paese in cui le famiglie conoscono
oggi diverse forme di povertà. Specie in seguito alla crisi economica del 2008, oggi le famiglie si ritrovano povere di risorse materiali, povere di equilibrio interno (di genere e generazionale), povere di sostegno da parte dello Stato, povere di tempo nell'ambito del work-family system, povere di competenze rispetto a molti altri paesi europei, e in qualche modo povere di progettualità nel medio-lungo periodo. Il contributo analizza queste forme di povertà e le mette in relazione con la tradizionale idea che gli Italiani possano comunque "cavarsela" grazie alla loro flessibilità e intraprendenza
Internal Migration Trajectories, Occupational Achievement and Social Mobility in Contemporary Italy : a Life Course Perspective
No full textThis work analyses the interrelation among migration, student career, job experiences and family formation. It focuses on Italian South-to-North internal migration. Empirical analyses first describe the life patterns experienced by internal migrants, and then study the selection into different migration trajectories, as well as their association with different occupational achievements and social mobility pathways. The analyses are based on longitudinal data from IHLS and use Sequence Analysis and Logit Models. Results show that different migration trajectories are characterised by a marked selectivity of movers, and that they have different, even opposite, association with individual life chances. Some trajectories create social closure because they ‘reproduce’ the southern upper classes in the North. Other types are more widespread among the lower classes, but they do not guarantee better opportunities of social mobility. Finally, there are forms of mobility that represent valid routes of upward mobility for the middle and lower classes
Individual skills and student mobility in Italy: a regional perspective
No full textInvestigating how qualified human capital is spatially redistributed within a country, and what drives such process in the first place, is essential to understand which regions benefit from its concentration in terms of enhanced productivity and potential for growth. Applying structural equations modelling to the Italian National Institute of Statistics’ (ISTAT) Survey on Educational and Professional Paths of Upper Secondary School Graduates 2011, this paper evaluates the relationship between the propensity to experience interregional student mobility and individual skills in Italy. Findings confirm that the positive link between the two holds also controlling for family background and the characteristics of the region of origin
The changing pattern of cohabitation: A sequence analysis approach
No full textBACKGROUND During the last decades, nonmarital cohabitation has diffused throughout the industrialised world, although not uniformly. The Second Demographic Transition (SDT) predicts a convergence of cohabitation patterns towards a final stage in which cohabitation and marriage will be almost indistinguishable. OBJECTIVE This paper contributes to the literature on the convergence of cohabitation patterns across countries by testing whether countries are becoming more similar over time, as suggested by the SDT. METHODS We use sequence analysis and cluster analysis techniques to classify different patterns of cohabitation in France, Italy, Norway, Bulgaria, and the United States. Using data mainly stemming from the Gender and Generations Surveys (GGS), we analyse women's patterns of behaviour during the five years following the start of their first cohabitation, over a time span of three decades (1970s-2000s). RESULTS On the basis of sequencing the events of childbirth, marriage, and separation we are able to identify five different clusters corresponding to different ways of going through the cohabitation experience. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is a general decreasing trend of cohabitation as a premarital experience and an increasing trend of cohabitation as an alternative to marriage or as a free union. However, within this homogeneous trend, persistent peculiarities at the country level suggest that the selected countries are not simply at different stages of the same trajectory. CONTRIBUTION The classification that emerges from the data-driven approach combines several features of already existing typologies of cohabitation experience. Analysis of the data highlights country peculiarities in the development of the cohabitation experience, rather than the existence of a common path as predicted by the SDT
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