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Step Pyramid of Zoser
No full textStep Pyramid, showing the remains of the funerary temple on the north side; The central element of the funerary complex of Djoser [ Djoser, Zoser, Netjerikhet, ca. 2630-ca. 2611 BCE, first ruler of the 3rd dynasty] is a massive stepped pyramid (140 x 118 x 60 m) of limestone masonry constructed at the instigation of the architect Imhotep, who was later deified for his achievement. Originally conceived as a mastaba tomb, the design was modified six times before finally emerging as a six-stepped pyramid with a complex suite of subterranean funerary apartments, including a granite-lined burial chamber and walls panelled in small blue faience tiles; one panel has been reconstructed in the Egyptian Museum (Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 68921). Among the objects recovered from the underground rooms were stelae depicting the King, and more than 40,000 stone vessels. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/15/2008
Funerary Complex of Zoser
No full textThe most important structure of the period, however, is the funerary complex of Djoser (reg c. 2630–c. 2611 bc), which marks the first appearance of monumental stone architecture in Egypt. Its central element is a massive stepped pyramid (140˙118˙60 m; see Pyramid, fig. 1) of limestone masonry constructed at the instigation of the architect Imhotep, who was later deified for his achievement. Originally conceived as a mastaba tomb, the design was modified six times before finally emerging as a six-stepped pyramid with a complex suite of subterranean funerary apartments, including a granite-lined burial chamber and walls panelled in small blue faience tiles (see Egypt, ancient, fig. 101); one panel has been reconstructed in the Egyptian Museum (Cairo, Egyp. Mus., JE 68921). Among the objects recovered from the underground rooms were stelae depicting the King, and more than 40,000 stone vessels. A mortuary abutted the north side of the pyramid, and beside it a serdab (sealed chamber) contained a painted limestone seated figure of Djoser (Cairo, Egyp. Mus., JE 49158)...The complex is surrounded by a recessed limestone wall with bastions and 14 imitation closed gates enclosing an area roughly 300˙500 m. The single genuine entrance in the south-eastern corner leads into an entrance colonnade comprising 48 ribbed columns.plan (drawing), olique view (left); partial plan (right
Imhotep and the discovery of cerebrospinal fluid
No full textHerbowski (2013) suggested recently the Egyptian Imhotep from the 3rd dynasty in Egypt to be the discoverer of cerebrospinal fluid. There are, however, no sources within the first 2000 years after Imhotep suggesting him to be in any way connected with the field of medicine. Over the course of three millennia Imhotep evolves into the sage who besides architecture also masters the arts of medicine, magic, astronomy, and astrology, at the same time as him being transformed from man to demi-God, and finally to a God. The identification of Imhotep as a doctor has thus little to do with facts and it is unlikely that he had anything to do with the Edwin-Smith papyrus from a much later period where CSF is first mentioned.</p
Funerary Complex of Zoser
No full textDetail of the limestone Enclosure Wall (restored), showing the recessed paneling and the protruding bastion; Saqqara is an Egyptian site on a desert plateau about 20 km south of Cairo and just west of the ancient city of Memphis, which flourished as a necropolis and religious centre in the Dynastic, Late and Greco-Roman periods. In the Coptic period it continued in use as a monastic centre. The most important structure of the Early Dynastic period, however, is the funerary complex of Djoser [Djoser, Zoser, Netjerikhet, ca. 2630-ca. 2611 BCE, first ruler of the 3rd dynasty], which marks the first appearance of monumental stone architecture in Egypt. Its central element is a massive stepped pyramid (140 x 118 x 60 m); of limestone masonry. The complex is surrounded by a recessed limestone wall with bastions and 14 imitation closed gates enclosing an area roughly 300 x 500 m. The single genuine entrance in the south-eastern corner leads into an entrance colonnade comprising 48 ribbed columns. The southern massif of the enclosure conceals a structure known as the 'Southern Tomb' which includes a shaft, a burial chamber, further rooms decorated in blue faience tiles and three more stelae depicting Djoser. It may represent the King's southern cenotaph, where the canopic vessels holding his viscera would have been deposited. Other significant buildings include the 'House of the North' and 'House of the South', which may represent the shrines of Upper and Lower Egypt, and a court lined with dummy chapels intended for the symbolic celebration of the royal jubilee (heb-sed ) festival. Although they were built of stone, these chapels imitate the forms of Predynastic and Early Dynastic structures of brick, wood and reeds and thus represent a transition between the use of organic materials and the development of stone architecture. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/15/2008
Funerary Complex of Zoser
No full textThe third chapel from the south end on the west side of the Heb-Sed Court, detail where rafter and roof beam join at roofline of restored pavilion; Saqqara is an Egyptian site on a desert plateau about 20 km south of Cairo and just west of the ancient city of Memphis, which flourished as a necropolis and religious centre in the Dynastic, Late and Greco-Roman periods. In the Coptic period it continued in use as a monastic centre. The most important structure of the Early Dynastic period, however, is the funerary complex of Djoser [Djoser, Zoser, Netjerikhet, ca. 2630-ca. 2611 BCE, first ruler of the 3rd dynasty], which marks the first appearance of monumental stone architecture in Egypt. Its central element is a massive stepped pyramid (140 x 118 x 60 m); of limestone masonry. The complex is surrounded by a recessed limestone wall with bastions and 14 imitation closed gates enclosing an area roughly 300 x 500 m. The single genuine entrance in the south-eastern corner leads into an entrance colonnade comprising 48 ribbed columns. The southern massif of the enclosure conceals a structure known as the 'Southern Tomb' which includes a shaft, a burial chamber, further rooms decorated in blue faience tiles and three more stelae depicting Djoser. It may represent the King's southern cenotaph, where the canopic vessels holding his viscera would have been deposited. Other significant buildings include the 'House of the North' and 'House of the South', which may represent the shrines of Upper and Lower Egypt, and a court lined with dummy chapels intended for the symbolic celebration of the royal jubilee (heb-sed ) festival. Although they were built of stone, these chapels imitate the forms of Predynastic and Early Dynastic structures of brick, wood and reeds and thus represent a transition between the use of organic materials and the development of stone architecture. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/15/2008
Geomorphology of the Imhotep region on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from OSIRIS observations
Full text linkContext. Since August 2014, the OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) onboard the Rosetta spacecraft has acquired high spatial resolution images of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, up to the decimeter scale. This paper focuses on the Imhotep region, located on the nucleus largest lobe, near the equator.
Aims. We performed the mapping, inventory and description of the geomorphology of the Imhotep region. We propose and discuss some processes to explain the formation and on-going evolution of this region.
Methods. We use OSIRIS NAC images, gravitational heights and slopes and Digital Terrain Models (DTM) to map and measure the morphologies of Imhotep.
Results. The Imhotep region presents a wide variety of terrains and morphologies: smooth and rocky terrains, bright areas, linear features, roundish features and boulders. Gravity processes play a significant role on the geomorphological evolution of this region by mass wasting and collapse. Cometary processes initiate erosion and are responsible for the formation of degassing conduits revealed by elevated roundish features on the surface. A scenario for the formation and evolution of the Imhotep region is also proposed, which implies the presence of large primordial voids into the nucleus, resulting from its formation process
The Egyptian Philosophers: Ancient African Voices from Imhotep to Akhenaten
No full textTraditional Eurocentric thought assumes that Greece was the origin of civilization. This book dispels this and other myths by showing that there is a body of knowledge that preceded Greek philosophy. The author documents how the great pyramids were built in 2800 B.C., 2,100 years before Greek civilization. The popular myth of Hippocrates being the father of medicine is dispelled by the fact that Hippocrates studied the works of Imhotep, the true father of medicine, and mentioned his name in his Hippocratic oath. Eleven famous African scholars who preceded Greek philosophers are profiled: Ptahhotep, Kagemni, Duauf, Amenhotep, Amenemope, Imhotep, Amenemhat, Merikare, Sehotepibre, Khunanup, and Akhenaten. These scholars’ ideas on a variety of topics are discussed, including the emergence of science and reason, the moral order, books and education, and the clash of classes.https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/alumni_books/1011/thumbnail.jp
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