1,777 research outputs found
Treatment with the anti-CD20 antibody (B1) and irradiation result in synergistic cytotoxicity that is dependent on MAPK activation
No full textRadioimmunotherapy using radiolabeled anti-CD20 antibodies (mAb) is an effective new treatment in non-Hodgkin lymphoma with high response rates. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these impressive clinical responses are poorly understood. To elucidate these mechanisms we studied the signaling events evoked in a panel of lymphoma cell lines following treatment with anti-CD20 mAb alone or in combination with irradiation. In all three lymphoma cell-lines tested a synergistic cytotoxic effect was observed when the anti-CD20 mAb B1 was combined with irradiation. The additive effect seen with B1 mAb and radiation was not observed with Rituximab and could be reversed with MEK inhibitors U0126 and PD98059 as well as siRNA targeting MEK1 or 2. Moreover, addition of U0126 reversed the decrease in clonogenic survival triggered by treatment with B1 and irradiation. To further probe the mechanism of this synergistic cell death we used cell lines over-expressing BCL2 or crmA, to block mitochondrial and death receptor pathways, respectively. Although BCL2 and crmA over-expression mediated protection against radiation alone, it had no impact on the increased cytotoxicity induced by B1+irradiation. Morphological studies revealed gross vacuolization of the cytoplasm, yet relatively well preserved nuclei in cells treated with B1+irradiation. Taken together our data indicate that activation of the MAPK cascade is an important factor that contributes to the synergistic effect of anti-CD20 (B1) antibody and irradiation and provides important new insights into how this treatment may work in the clinic
Novel Methods to Improve the Efficiency of Radioimmunotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
No full textRadioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a novel strategy for treating non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Several studies have shown the promising results of using RIT in NHL, which have led to FDA approval for two RIT agents in treating low grade NHL. In spite of these favorable results in low-grade NHL, most of the aggressive or relapsed/refractory NHL subjects experience relapses following RIT. Although more aggressive treatments such as myeloablative doses of RIT followed by stem cell transplantation appear to be able to provide a longer survival for some patients these approaches are associated with significant treatment-related adverse events and challenging to deliver in most centers. Therefore, it seems reasonable to develop treatment approaches that enhance the efficiency of RIT, while reducing its toxicity. In this paper, novel methods that improve the efficiency of RIT and reduce its toxicity through various mechanisms are reviewed. Further clinical development of these methods could expand the NHL patient groups eligible for receiving RIT, and even extend the use of RIT to new indications and disease groups in future.</p
Opportunities for linking young surveyors across professional surveying member organisations and FIG
No full textWhat's new in the management of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
No full textThe aetiology and clinical management of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and specifically of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome are poorly defined. Interesting new insights into CTCL disease biology as well as a number of emerging of novel therapeutic interventions make this an increasingly interesting area for dermatologists and oncologists involved in the treatment of CTCL. This review article covers much of this new information including new drugs, such as denileukin diftitox (Ontak) a targeted cytotoxic biological agent, Bexarotene an RXR selective retinoid, anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), new cytotoxics agents and vaccines
Antibody-induced intracellular signaling works in combination with radiation to eradicate lymphoma in radioimmunotherapy
No full textRadioimmunotherapy (RIT) has emerged as an effective treatment for lymphoma, however the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We therefore investigated the relative contributions of antibody and targeted radiation to the clearance of tumor in vivo, using 2 different syngeneic murine B-cell lymphoma models. Although RIT with 131I–anti–major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) was effective in targeting radiation to tumor, no improvement in survival was seen by escalating the radiation dose alone and there were no long-term survivors. In contrast, using the combination of 131I anti-MHCII in the presence of unlabeled anti-idiotype (anti-Id), 100% prolonged disease-free survival was seen in both B-cell lymphoma models at the higher radiation dose. Using in vivo tracking we show that treatment with radiation plus anti-Id monoclonal antibody (mAb) results in a substantially greater reduction of splenic tumor cells than with either treatment alone. Prolonged survival could also be achieved using 131I anti-MHCII plus the signaling anti-CD19 mAb. Furthermore, the ability of these anti–B-cell mAbs to improve survival with targeted radiotherapy appeared to correlate with their ability to initiate intracellular signal transduction. Together these data illustrate that using 1 mAb to target radiation to tumor and a second to induce cell signaling is an effective new strategy in RIT
Children\u27s/Young Adult (YA) Author Event: Tim Green Author Visit
Full text linkThe Children’s/Young Adult Author Committee at Olivet Nazarene University received a $2500 Community Engagement Grant from the university. Because of this grant, the university hosted Tim Green, a former NFL football player who is now authoring books of primary interest to fourth through eighth graders. The success of this grant is difficult to measure, but in numbers, more than 3200 4th - 8th grade students and their teachers attended his speaking events during his two day visit. Green autographed more than 400 books for the attendees. Regarding reading motivation, area teachers have and still are reporting students, boys in particular, who in the past have never read a whole book, but when the teachers give them one of Tim Green’s books, they return and ask for more of his books to read. The Children’s/Young Adult Author Committee plans to continue bringing authors of quality literature to the community
The Echelon-2 Trial: 5-Year Exploratory Subgroup Analyses of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Study of Brentuximab Vedotin and CHP (A+CHP) Vs CHOP in Frontline Treatment of Pts with CD30-Positive Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
No full textAbstract
Introduction
The phase 3 ECHELON-2 study (NCT01777152) compared frontline treatment with brentuximab vedotin plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (A+CHP) to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) for patients (pts) with systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL) or other CD30+ peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL). At 5 years, A+CHP continues to provide clinically meaningful improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.53, 0.91], P=0.0077) and overall survival (OS) (HR 0.72 [95% CI: 0.53, 0.99], P=0.0424) vs CHOP. Ongoing remission was observed in ~60% of pts with sALCL, with a manageable safety profile, including continued resolution or improvement of peripheral neuropathy (Horwitz S, et al. ASH 2020). Due to the rarity of this disease and lack of data on prospective, uniformly treated pts, ECHELON-2 provides a large and unique prospective data set with potential utility in informing future studies of PTCL. Herein, we report a series of exploratory analyses in prespecified subgroups based on age, gender, and histology to supplement the data from the full 5-year analysis.
Methods
ECHELON-2 (N=452) is a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Eligible pts with previously untreated CD30+ PTCL were randomized 1:1 to A+CHP or CHOP for 6 or 8 cycles. Randomization was stratified by histological subtype and international prognostic index (IPI) score. The primary endpoint of PFS was assessed per blinded independent central review in the primary analysis and per investigator in this exploratory subgroup analysis. Outcomes by age <60 and ≥60 years, gender, and PTCL subtype (PTCL-not otherwise specified [NOS], angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma [AITL], and sALCL by IPI categories) were assessed. ECHELON-2 was not powered or designed to compare efficacy of therapy within individual histologic subtypes other than sALCL or other baseline characteristics.
Results
Among all pts <60, the median PFS was not reached versus vs 17.48 months among all pts ≥60. When assessing by treatment, PFS favored A+CHP vs CHOP for both age groups (Table 1). PFS outcomes in the <60 subgroup were superior vs the ≥60 subgroup in both arms (Table 2). In addition, the median OS for those <60 was not reached vs 60.4 months for those ≥60. OS was also longer in those treated with A+CHP regardless of age (<60, HR 0.66 [95% CI: 0.38, 1.15], P=0.1402; ≥60, HR 0.73 [95% CI: 0.49, 1.07], P=0.1054).Within each arm, OS was superior in the <60 vs ≥60 age group (A+CHP, HR 0.54 [95% CI: 0.31, 0.93], P=0.0252; CHOP, HR 0.44 [95% CI: 0.27, 0.72], P=0.0008).
The potential association of gender with PFS outcomes varied within each treatment arm: males on the CHOP arm had higher PFS than females while females had higher PFS than males on the A+CHP arm (Table 2). In addition, the OS benefit of A+CHP vs CHOP was consistent for both genders (female, HR 0.68 [95% CI: 0.40, 1.16], P=0.1597; male, HR 0.73 [95% CI: 0.49, 1.08], P=0.1148). Females and males had similar OS within each arm (A+CHP, female vs male: HR 1.00 [95% CI: 0.61, 1.64], P=0.9966; CHOP, female vs male: HR 1.03 [95% CI: 0.66, 1.60], P=0. 9054).
Among all pts with PTCL-NOS, the median PFS and OS were 13.57 months and 46.4 months. When assessing by treatment arm, the PFS (Table 1) and OS (HR 0.75 [95% CI: 0.37, 1.48], P=0.4003) HRs were similar to the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. Among all pts with AITL, the median PFS was 23.75 months and the median OS was not reached. When assessing by treatment arm, the PFS (Table 1) favored CHOP and OS was similar (HR 1.01 [95% CI: 0.40, 2.55], P=0.9855).
In the sALCL subgroup, PFS was superior in those treated with A+CHP overall and across IPI subgroups: 0-1, 2-3, 4-5 (Table 1). OS was also longer in the A+CHP arm (HR 0.66 [95% CI: 0.43, 1.01], P=0.0529) overall and across IPI subgroups: 0-1 (HR 0.73 [95% CI: 0.20, 2.73], P=0.6411), 2-3 (HR 0.57 [95% CI: 0.32, 1.01], P=0.0496), and 4-5 (HR 0.89 [95% CI: 0.42, 1.89], P=0.7606).
Conclusions
ECHELON-2 results at 5 years demonstrate a generally consistent benefit of A+CHP over CHOP across subgroups and for the ITT population. Furthermore, this large prospective dataset of pts with PTCL has redefined efficacy outcomes for this population and provides important benchmark data to inform future studies.
Figure 1 Figure 1.
Disclosures
Horwitz: Affimed: Research Funding; Acrotech Biopharma, Affimed, ADC Therapeutics, Astex, Merck, Portola Pharma, C4 Therapeutics, Celgene, Janssen, Kura Oncology, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Myeloid Therapeutics, ONO Pharmaceuticals, Seattle Genetics, Shoreline Biosciences, Inc, Takeda, Trillium Th: Consultancy; ADC Therapeutics, Affimed, Aileron, Celgene, Daiichi Sankyo, Forty Seven, Inc., Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Millennium /Takeda, Seattle Genetics, Trillium Therapeutics, and Verastem/SecuraBio.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Aileron: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; C4 Therapeutics: Consultancy; Crispr Therapeutics: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Research Funding; Forty Seven, Inc.: Research Funding; Kura Oncology: Consultancy; Kyowa Hakko Kirin: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium/Takeda: Research Funding; Myeloid Therapeutics: Consultancy; ONO Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Secura Bio: Consultancy; Shoreline Biosciences, Inc.: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Trillium Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Tubulis: Consultancy; Verastem/Securabio: Research Funding. Savage: Astra-Zeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; Servier: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Other: Institutional clinical trial funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Institutional clinical trial funding; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Institutional clinical trial funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Roche: Research Funding; Beigene: Other: Institutional clinical trial funding; Genentech: Research Funding. Illidge: Seagen Inc.: Research Funding. Advani: Astellas/Agensys: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myer Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cell Medica: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Forty Seven: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Genetech Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen Pharmaceutical: Research Funding; Juno: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kite Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kura: Research Funding; Kyowa: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Research Funding; Millenium: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Portola Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Regeneron: Research Funding; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Shustov: Seagen Inc.: Research Funding. Bartlett: Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Kite, a Gilead Company: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Forty Seven: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Autolus: Research Funding; Seagen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy; ADC Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding. Jacobsen: Takeda: Consultancy; Syros: Consultancy; Janssen: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Acerta: Research Funding. Koch: Seagen Inc.: Research Funding. Eva: Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Fanale: Seagen, Inc: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Fenton: Seagen Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Campana: Seagen Inc.: Research Funding. Dong: Seagen Inc.: Research Funding. Truemper: Seagen Inc.: Research Funding
Evaluating Citebase, an open access Web-based citation-ranked search and impact discovery service
No full textCitebase is a new citation-ranked search and impact discovery service that measures citations of scholarly research papers which are openly accessible on the Web, i.e. papers that are assessable continuously online. Other services, such as ResearchIndex, have emerged in recent years to offer citation indexing of Web research papers. In the first detailed user evaluation of an open access Web citation indexing service, Citebase has been evaluated by nearly 200 users from different backgrounds. The paper details the procedures used in the evaluation, and analyses the results of this study, which took place between June and October 2002. It was found that within the scope of its primary components, the search interface and services available from its rich bibliographic records, Citebase can be used simply and reliably for the purpose intended, and that it compares favourably with other bibliographic services. It is shown tasks can be accomplished efficiently with Citebase regardless of the background of the user. More data need to be collected and the process refined before it is as reliable for measuring citation impact of indexed papers. Better explanations and guidance are required for first-time users. Coverage is seen as a limiting factor, even though Citebase indexes over 200,000 papers from arXiv. Non-physicists were frustrated at the lack of papers from other sciences. The principle of citation searching of open access archives has thus been demonstrated and need not be restricted to current users. Since the evaluation, Citebase has become a featured service of the ArXiv physics eprint archives
Antibody-induced nonapoptotic cell death in human lymphoma and leukemia cells is mediated through a novel reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway
No full textMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Although Fc-dependent mechanisms of mAb-mediated tumor clearance have been extensively studied, the ability of mAbs to directly evoke programmed cell death (PCD) in the target cell and the underlying mechanisms involved remain under-investigated. We recently demonstrated that certain mAbs (type II anti-CD20 and anti-HLA DR mAbs) potently evoked PCD through an actin-dependent, lysosome-mediated process. Here, we reveal that the induction of PCD by these mAbs, including the type II anti-CD20 mAb GA101 (obinutuzumab), directly correlates with their ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human B-lymphoma cell lines and primary B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. ROS scavengers abrogated mAb-induced PCD indicating that ROS are required for the execution of cell death. ROS were generated downstream of mAb-induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization and lysosome membrane permeabilization. ROS production was independent of mitochondria and unaffected by BCL-2 overexpression. Instead, ROS generation was mediated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. These findings provide further insights into a previously unrecognized role for NADPH oxidase-derived ROS in mediating nonapoptotic PCD evoked by mAbs in B-cell malignancies. This newly characterized cell death pathway may potentially be exploited to eliminate malignant cells, which are refractory to conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy
Catholic Comments Podcast.
No full textAuthor Tim Rinaldi discusses his mission work in Honduras and how it changed his life and perspective
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