26 research outputs found
EU Enlargement to the East and its Impact on Non-accessing Countries, Applied General Equilibrium Analysis
No full textIn March 1998, the EU formally launched accession negotiations with a number of countries. In this process there is a danger that countries of the new EU will switch to the trade inside the Union and non-accessing countries will face isolation, locking at the trade between them and lacking flows of foreign capital and new technologies, which can lead to the further gap in the regional development. Above all it concerns Former Soviet Union countries and in the paper the author investigates this issue. For this purpose the author employs Computable General Equilibrium Model, developed by Global Trade Analysis Project (USA). Database for the model is GTAP 4, in current research it was aggregated into 5 regions and 8 sectors of economy
Accession to the WTO: Part I: Computable General Equilibrium Analysis: The Case of Ukraine - eBooks and textbooks from bookboon.com
No full textThis book has two parts. The first part talks about general characteristics of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) as well as common steps that have to be taken during the accession process. Theoretical studies related to the WTO activities are also presented. Finally, Part I of this book discusses one of the most useful methods of examining economic consequences of being WTO member, namely Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Models. Part II continues analysis and shows application of CGE model to a specific case study. It scrutinises accession of Ukraine to the WTO and discusses possible economic impact of such step. Concluding remarks for the whole book are given at the end of Part II
Accession to the WTO: Part II: Computable General Equilibrium Analysis: The Case of Ukraine - eBooks and textbooks from bookboon.com
No full textThis is the second part of the book that examines process and possible economic consequences of accession to the WTO. This part considers economic impact of the WTO accession and takes specific country as a case study, namely Ukraine. Computable General Equilibrium model for Ukraine is built and several scenarios are modelled. The facts that Ukraine has sufficiently large economy and accession was finalised quite recently should make it interesting to a wide audience
Reserve Requirements as Implicit Taxation of Commercial Banks
No full textReserve requirements is viewed as very important instrument of the monetary policy, with the help of which Central Bank can influence at money supply and credit creation. At the same time this instrument imposes implicit tax on financial institutions, which are subject to this regulation. Reserve requirements in Ukraine stay at quite high level and the topic of this paper is analysis of such implicit taxation, its impact on economy and possible path of reforms in Ukraine. We argue that faced wit high reserve requirements and, as a consequence, diminishing revenues, commercial banks will try to pass as much costs as they can to their clients, widening interest rate spread. Eventual effect of high reserve requirements would be lower deposit rate, higher loan rate, less intermediation and aggregate investment that finally can lead to drop in output. In this paper we develop formal model of implicit taxation and provide empirical analysis, roughly estimating cost of reserve requirements for Ukrainian banking sector, which comes to almost 1 UAH bn per year. Further, we discuss policy issues and possibility of reducing reserve requirements and come to the conclusion that in Ukraine gradual decrease of required reserves is possible and indeed needed
Ukraines Accession to the WTO Computable General EquilibriumAnalysis
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Do Remittances Cause Dutch Disease in Resource Poor Countries of Central Asia?
No full textDutch disease or resource curse is an adverse effect of high dependence on exports of natural resources, such as oil and gas, or other inflows, such as remittances or foreign aid. Dutch disease is known to lead to appreciation of the real exchange rate, decline in tradable sectors (mostly industry and agriculture) and surge in non-tradable sectors (services). This means unfavourable development of an economy where retail trade or construction would grow, but production sectors would be atrophied. Such economies become vulnerable and may suffer if inflow of currency from natural resources or remittances dries out.
This study tests whether large inflow of foreign currency coming to Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan from labour migrants has caused Dutch disease as described by Corden (1984) and Corden and Neary (1982): appreciation of the real exchange rate, decline in tradable sectors and surge in non-tradable sectors. Furthermore, the paper takes one step further and looks at this phenomenon from the point of view of importing Dutch disease from resource-rich countries to resource-poor countries. Results show that symptoms of Dutch disease are present in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. There is an evidence of deindustrialisation, higher growth rates and larger share of service sector in GDP. In addition, high oil prices showed strong appreciation effect on local currencies of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan indicating the transfer of Dutch disease from resource-rich Russia
Accession to the WTO. Computable General Equilibrium Analysis: the Case of Ukraine. Part II.
No full textThis research studies the accession of a transition country to the World Trade Organization on the case of Ukraine. Quantitative results are obtained by building a Computable General Equilibrium model in the mathematical programming language General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS). Four scenarios are simulated: 1) import tariffs reform; 2) improvement of exports access; 3) improvement of investment climate and 4) the scenario that combines previous three, or a full WTO accession.
The results of the model show that in all scenarios there is growth of both exports and imports. By contrast, output and household consumption levels vary from scenario to scenario. The first two simulations, tariff reform and improvement of export access, show no significant change in domestic production and consumption. Thus, with expanded trade and practically the same output and consumption, Ukraine merely becomes more open and shifts to foreign trade. In the third scenario, improvement of investment climate has the most favourable results. Owning to better allocation of resources, both domestic production and consumption expand and the welfare of households increases by nearly 10% of consumption or 2% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The combined scenario shows a somewhat smaller but still significant improvement in welfare: over 8% of consumption or 1.8% of GDP
Impact of joining the WTO on Ukrainian ferrous metallurgy: subsidies vs. antidumping, is there really a trade-off?
No full textAuthors provide a case study of the impact of antidumping and subsidies in Ukrainian steel. They argue that that accession the WTO for Ukraine will require the elimination of subsidies to Ukrainian steel. This will result in a benefit to Ukraine in a decline in antidumping actions against Ukrainian steel in its export markets. The authors quantify the impacts. Contrary to popular discussion in Ukraine, they show that the reduction in subsidies in Ukraine will also benefit the country as a whole. So, despite losses to the producers of steel, accession to the WTO, which entails both subsidy reduction and reduced antidumping against its exports, should be a win-win situation for Ukraine
The economics of distributed energy generation : a literature review
No full textThe UK electricity system is likely to face dramatic technical and institutional changes in the near future. Current UK energy policy focuses on the need for a clean, affordable and secure energy supply. Decentralisation of the electricity system is recognised as one means of achieving efficient and renewable energy provision, as well as addressing concerns over ageing electricity infrastructure and capacity constraints. In this paper we provide a critical literature review of the economics of increased penetration of distributed energy generation. We find that there exists a large volume of research considering the financial viability of individual distributed generation technologies (and we are necessarily selective in our review of these studies, given the wide variety of technologies that the definition of distributed generation encompasses). However, there are few studies that focus on the pure economics of individual or groups of distributed energy generators, and even fewer still based on the economy-wide aspects of distributed generation. In view of this gap in the literature, we provide suggestions for future research which are likely to be necessary in order adequately to inform public policy on distributed generation and its role in the future of UK energy supply
Identification information sensors of robot systems
No full textAt the present time, the complexity of identification is to find such a description, in which the image (information) of each class would have identified similar properties. The task is to make the transformed description includes the whole set of input images, united by the similarity class by the given ratio.Using the ordinates of an autocorrelation function is an inseparable shift in the center of gravity of an image, which leads to a change of such description.Nicest, the concept of an invariant description of information arises, this is an autocorrelation function, which is invariant to the description of any displacements of the image in the vertical and horizontal directions.The problem of finding an optimal decision rule arises, which, in a number of cases, can be constructed on the basis of a method, based on the definition of the maximum incomplete coefficient of similarity.Using this method, the solutions, that are almost unintelligible to the errors that arise due to the effects of interference, are found. Therefore, in increments k, this rule passes into the Bayes’ rule
