212 research outputs found
Land snails and slugs of Sabah and Labuan (Malaysia)
No full texte-ISBN 978-967-25534-8-9urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CA98B916-8D65-4121-AF04-9505B9A93AEBThe history of the present handbook goes back to the first years of this century. During the early days of the BOR/MOL collection (Mollusca collection of Universiti Malaysia Sabah), material of land snails appeared difficult to identify. Literature on Sabah snails was generally scarce, scattered over mainly 19th century publications,and covered only a part of the species present in the material.To address this problem, the first author started a manuscript with a concise overview over the Sabah snail fauna, which would finally develop into this handbook. The first unpublished version started circulating among Sabah students of the snail fauna around 2002. It covered all snail families, but while some are shortly revised, others are no more than an uncritical list of species names. Unidentified species were listed with numbers (e.g. ‘Charopa sp. 2’), or with codes (‘Charopa sp. BO-02’), or with unpublished species names (‘Charopa infrastriata’, without a valid description following ICZN rules). A new, more extensive but still unpublished version of the manuscript appeared in 2006. The informal species names (i.e. nomina nuda) increasingly posed a problem because they were used in publications by students of the Bornean snail fauna. Also, the many shortcomings of the manuscript directly translated into misidentifications in those publications. This made the production and publication of the present, more carefully considered handbook a matter of urgency. Having said that, the authors in no way claim that this work is more than a step on the long road leading to a representative knowledge of the land snail fauna of Sabah.List of New Taxa:GenusLeucocharopion Vermeulen & Liew 2022http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/dda152c2-f7a3-4e62-af02-980da189b85cSundacharopa Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2F50EBA-0AB4-44D3-841C-4BD01FDE2AAASpeciesArinia insularum Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:12DBFDED-4E00-44DC-B11C-6EF7AA128954Atopos rapax Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:99A75053-F53E-46BE-BBFB-90B94D3CF407Boysidia melichroma Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A93D7ADC-F300-4D80-9856-F5BCD3880DF9Carychium diplotylon Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C15A05F6-CE4A-4FEF-B385-20835BE1FA1AChamalycaeus leiodomus Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0BB45717-7029-4807-83E1-1E84A76FACD3Chamalycaeus orthosalpinx Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0EEA80E1-42C2-4EE8-B79E-34A54B72BBF0Diplommatina amblyrhombos Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EC8E15E3-7420-4762-96F5-6C53CE8B6FD9Diplommatina megalotis Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5400A075-BFB4-4493-8ED7-1252D5D7D195Diplommatina subalpina Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D88DAFED-1FB2-41C2-8656-3C172F0D1FF8Diplommatina trusmadiensis Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A05E0459-9542-40F6-A410-0D640CADFFA2Hemiplecta montivaga Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:94D6545D-3F93-4E7E-A394-027F5269BEF4Japonia janus Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D0667C1F-332E-471F-BD7D-D836F75EB565Japonia jucunda meridionalis Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8FB7A6A3-E9BC-4BB8-A2AC-73BC5DF11C53Japonia monggisensis Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1B9B405F-3D15-4FFE-A18A-243944B73171Japonia quinquelirata infracincta Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EEC26EAB-79D6-4306-B930-352F565CACD6Japonia subrudis Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4B5C2038-50B9-4612-ACC9-AC336BE90943Japonia tambunanensis Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ED3A0C50-7834-4752-A332-921F84979A8DLeucocharopion lissoderma Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B3D7C2EA-D1FA-4509-961B-AA5663D12892Macrochlamys subcorpulenta Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3ADB4B30-5DBD-4875-B428-A3B9F2C02D4AMacrochlamys tenuiarata Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B16755D9-D0D3-493B-A492-640AC86A5116Macrochlamys trilobata Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A7615E58-2770-4A40-BB32-90C6A683AA3AMacrochlamys trusmadiensis Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4CC9839A-A7C3-495E-B43D-A448C77E31D3Microparmarion basifixus Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2640C09-EDB6-479D-A4F2-C95412014C78Microparmarion convolutus Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:581E9031-0DF5-47E0-87A8-781537C23298Paralaoma albella Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BC67E612-1CF0-47C4-8B6A-AB2005E7DFB7Plectostoma aversum Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B3065059-7D1B-4A23-BFB9-89A84D6982DAPlectostoma immunitum Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:70BBB4C2-BF09-48B4-B27A-35F18A4916B8Plectostoma urunense Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:634A4B32-830C-4CFA-AF1A-C98A4643A6ACPterocyclos fraterculus Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F6CCA281-6055-483B-86D3-CCB29C2A63CFScabrina serpentinitica Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7920892F-9C41-4EC4-9406-A663931A954DSundacharopa argos Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9589F3B1-8D87-41A4-A93A-085EE4C0EDD0Sundacharopa cancellatula Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0C809909-E8C1-41FB-ABA3-6FFAB81260BCSundacharopa infrastriata Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2D842BE7-EAB3-45FA-984E-E4869998CC8ASundacharopa jugalis Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22E9E555-0E1C-4CDD-BD49-F29A02C31789Sundacharopa lissobasis Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FC4E6426-F18D-4E57-8DC7-F27AFF34F9F2Sundacharopa platycephala Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F218BEAE-578C-45EB-BAFB-0E8DF95635C7Sundacharopa turgidula Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ACE12154-E008-4080-B5A8-ABFEFDA592ECVidena nepiadelphos Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:77DA381C-F55E-4CE2-8409-3055554DD3A9Vitrinula discus Vermeulen & Liew, 2022urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BA902572-83F9-4504-80AB-14FE9C8C9422</div
Everettia safriei Liew & Schilthuizen & Vermeulen 2009, SP. NOV.
No full textEVERETTIA SAFRIEI SP. NOV. Types: MALAYSIA: State of Sabah: Ranau District. Southern part of Kinabalu Park. At 2300 m alt. along Kotal’s route from Bukit Babi to the eastern ridge of Mount Kinabalu (6°3 ′ N, 116°36 ′ E). Collected by T.- S. Liew, J. Lapidin, Safrie, and Jasilin. 24.iv.2005, holotype, BOR/MOL 5307, Figure 12D; six paratypes, three in BMNH 20080631 and three in SP 13063. Etymology: This species is named after Safrie Hatimin, staff member at Kinabalu Park, who dedicatedly assisted the first author during the intensive malacological survey on Mount Kinabalu in 2005. Material examined: SABAH – Mount Kinabalu: BOR/ MOL 2671, southern slope, 3330 m alt., x.2003; BOR/ MOL 2672, southern slope, 3330 m alt., x.2003; BOR/MOL 2682, southern slope, 3080 m alt., x.2003; BOR/MOL 2683, southern slope, 3080 m alt., x.2003; BOR/MOL 2687, southern slope, 3080 m alt., x.2003; BOR/MOL 5302, southern slope, 3024 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5306, southern slope, 3089 m alt., xii.2004; BOR/MOL 5303, eastern slope, 3264 m alt., vi.2005; BOR/MOL 5304, eastern slope, 3352 m alt., vi.2005; BOR/MOL 5305, eastern slope, 3432 m alt., vi.2005; BOR/MOL 5308, eastern slope, 3416 m alt., vi.2005; BOR/MOL 5309, eastern slope, 2924 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5310, eastern slope, 3336 m alt., vi.2005. Diagnostic characteristics: The numerous, irregular, very fine, and discontinuous spiral threads on the upper surface of the shell differentiate this species from individuals of Everettia dominiki with similar shell shape and size. Description: Shell (Figs 10C, 12D): small, rather thin, greenish brown, moderately elevated, outer whorls rounded. Periphery rounded; spire almost flat. Above the periphery, protoconch smooth (sometimes with inconspicuous, densely placed spiral threads); shell with distinct oblique wrinkling; there are very fine, irregular and discontinuous spiral threads above the wrinkling. Below the periphery, shell is almost smooth. Height up to 4.8 mm; width up to 8.3 mm; diameter of the first three whorls 0.75–0.8, 0.55–0.60, and 0.95–1.00 mm, respectively; number of whorls up to five and one-quarter; height aperture up to 3.6 mm; width aperture up to 4.5 mm. Genitalia (Fig. 13C): maximum length from genital opening to the end of dart-sac (before the visible gland tubules) up to 4.5 mm. The penis, dart-sac, and vagina with very thin transparent walls. P, V, GO, BC, and DS arranged around the short genital atrium, with limited space between the openings of each of the genital structures. BC short, about half of total DS length. Animal (Fig. 8D): the head of animal head is uniformly black. The mantle is brownish and in the last half whorl has sparse irregular black and bright markings. Distribution and habitat: Upper montane primary and coniferous forest, 2700–3500 m alt. Sabah: Mount Kinabalu (eastern and southern ridges only), endemic (Fig. 9A). Remarks: This species occurs sympatrically with E. safriei, to which it is also phylogenetically close. However, both species maintain their distinct and unique shell characteristics.Published as part of Liew, Thor-Seng, Schilthuizen, Menno & Vermeulen, Jaap Jan, 2009, Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo, pp. 515-550 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (3) on page 540, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00526.x, http://zenodo.org/record/544302
Accounting for carbon emissions through green supply chain management: a systematic literature review
No full textWith the growing regulatory interest in supply chain carbon footprint, we provide a foundation for future enquiry into the role of green supply chain management (GSCM) on carbon accounting. We conduct a systematic literature review on a final set of 113 articles published between 2010 and 2024 using the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. Our approach comprises a bibliometric descriptive analysis, a thematic analysis based on clusters and the theory, context, and methodology (TCM) framework. The findings highlight the evolution of the field over time, primary publication outlets and subject areas, and the geographical distribution based on author affiliations and research context. Moreover, the thematic analysis reveals the theories, industries, research designs, and dominant themes in the GSCM literature associated with carbon accounting. After a synthesis of the findings, we group prior research based on the interconnected dimensions of (1) theoretical vs. empirical, (2) green supply chain flows, and (3) the level of analysis. Finally, we construct a comprehensive future research agenda based on existing knowledge gaps identified using the structured framework. This review presents key implications for both academia and industry in advancing GSCM practices to align with evolving carbon accounting requirements
Everettia dominiki Liew & Schilthuizen & Vermeulen 2009, SP. NOV.
No full textEVERETTIA DOMINIKI SP. NOV. <p> <i>Types:</i> MALAYSIA: State of Sabah: Kota Marudu District. North-eastern part of Kinabalu Park. At 1600 m alt. along the trail from Serinsim Substation to Mount Nombuyukon No (6°15 <i>′</i> N, 116°40 <i>′</i> E). Collected by T.- S. Liew. Date: 9.xi.2005, holotype, BOR/ MOL 5360, Figure 12C; six paratypes, three in BMNH 20080635 and three in SP 13067.</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> This species is named after Dominik Tinggoh, staff member at Kinabalu Park, who dedicatedly assisted the first author during the intensive malacological survey on Mount Kinabalu in 2005.</p> <p> <i>Material examined:</i> SABAH – Mount Kinabalu: BOR/ MOL 1314, southern slope, 1450 m alt., vi.2002; BOR/ MOL 2691, southern slope, 2865 m alt., x.2003; BOR/MOL 2697, southern slope, 2267 m alt., x.2003; BOR/MOL 2698, southern slope, 2460 m alt., x.2003; BOR/MOL 5380, southern slope, 2112 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5381, southern slope, 2404 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5383, southern slope, 2096 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5385, southern slope, 2628 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5386, southern slope, 2288 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5388, southern slope, 2308 m alt., xii.2004; BOR/MOL 5390, southern slope, 2526 m alt., xii.2004; BOR/MOL 5392, southern slope, 2552 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5396, southern slope, iv.2006; BOR/MOL 5399, southern slope, 3154 m alt., i.2005; BOR/MOL 5400, southern slope, 2896 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5401, southern slope, 3024 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5402, southern slope, 2896 m alt., xii.2004; BOR/MOL 5403, southern slope, 3088 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5405, southern slope, 2528 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/ MOL 5408, southern slope, 1948 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/ MOL 5410, southern slope, 2092 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5412, southern slope, 2040 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5413, southern slope, 2120 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5414, southern slope, 2120 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5417, southern slope, 1784 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5419, southern slope, 2484 m alt., xii.2004; BOR/MOL 5398, western slope, 2640 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5409, western slope, 1968 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5422, western slope, 2576 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5387, eastern slope, 2812 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5389, eastern slope, 2676 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5391, eastern slope, 2132 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5404, eastern slope, 1992 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5411, eastern slope, 1952 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5387, eastern slope, 2812 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5415, eastern slope, 2300 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/ MOL 5416, eastern slope, 3112 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/ MOL 5418, eastern slope, 2992 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5420, eastern slope, 3064 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5421, eastern slope, 2188 m alt., iv.2005; BMNH 20080208, southern slope, Mesilau, vi.1967; BMNH 20080209, southern slope, Mesilau, vi.1967. Mount Tambuyukon: BOR/MOL 5383, eastern slope, 2288 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5384, eastern slope, 2080 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5395, eastern slope, ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5397, eastern slope, 1584 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5406, eastern slope, 1952 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5407, eastern slope, 3260 m alt., ix.2005.</p> <p> <i>Diagnostic characteristics:</i> Shell surface with dense and regularly radial ribs.</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Shell (Figs 3F, 12C): medium-sized, rather thin, brownish, spire moderately to highly elevated, outer whorls shouldered below the suture. Periphery rounded. Above the periphery, shell silky with fine, dense, and regular radial corrugation, <i>c.</i> 20 wrinkles per mm. Below the periphery, shell has corrugation that extends from above the periphery and dense shallow spiral grooves, but some individuals with only faded spiral grooves on the bottom surface of the shell or entirely without these. Height up to 8.3 mm; width up to 10.1 mm; diameter of the first three whorls 0.7, 0.9, and 1.2 mm, respectively; number of whorls up to four and a half; height aperture up to 4.7 mm; width aperture up to 5.5 mm. Genitalia (Fig. 13B): maximum length from genital opening to the end of dart-sac (before the visible gland tubules) up to 7 mm. The penis and dart-sac have thin muscular walls but vagina has a very thin transparent wall. P, V, GO, BC, and DS arranged around the short genital atrium, with limited space between the opening of each of the genital structures. BC long, almost as long as DS. Animal (Fig. 8C): black bands on either side of the tentacles, which are separated by a white band that occupies the space between the eye tentacles and extends backward to the end of the mantle and downward to the foot fringe. However, in a few rare cases the animal’s head is uniformly black. Other parts of the animal are almost entirely black. Some blackish smears and bright markings are irregularly arranged on the brownish mantle. The mantle in the last half whorl is covered by sparse, irregular black and bright markings.</p> <p> <i>Distribution and habitat:</i> Montane primary forest 1500–3300 m (common). Sabah: Mount Kinabalu (endemic?) (Fig. 9C).</p> <p> <i>Remarks:</i> The two morphs of this species – with and without spiral grooves on the underside of the shell, occur sympatrically but the one with these spiral grooves can mainly be found between 2000–2500 m. However, genetic data do not support the monophyly of these two morphs.</p>Published as part of <i>Liew, Thor-Seng, Schilthuizen, Menno & Vermeulen, Jaap Jan, 2009, Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo, pp. 515-550 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (3)</i> on pages 542-543, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00526.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5443023">http://zenodo.org/record/5443023</a>
Everettia lapidini Liew & Schilthuizen & Vermeulen 2009, SP. NOV.
No full textEVERETTIA LAPIDINI SP. NOV. <p> <i>Everettia subconsul</i>, Laidlaw, 1937: 180.</p> <p> <i>Types:</i> MALAYSIA: State of Sabah: Ranau District. Southern part of Kinabalu Park. At 1900 m alt. Mesilau Resort (6°2 <i>′</i> N, 116°35 <i>′</i> E). Collected by Martinah, David, and Safrie. Date: 11.v.2007, holotype, SP 12914, Figure 6A; two paratypes, one in BMNH 20080636 and one in BOR/MOL 5500.</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> This species is named after Johny Lapidin, a staff member at Kinabalu Park, who dedicatedly assisted the first author during the intensive malacological survey on Mount Kinabalu in 2005.</p> <p> <i>Material examined:</i> SABAH – Mount Kinabalu: BOR/ MOL 973, southern slope, 1800 m alt., i.2001; BOR/ MOL 5320, southern slope, 2244 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5321, southern slope, 2040 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5265, southern slope, 1950 m alt., ix 2003; SP 12121, southern slope, Kiau view trail, ii.2002; SP12460, southern slope, 1900 m alt., iii.2005; SP 12500, eastern slope, Mansaranam, Kg. Pahu, v.2005; SP12916, southern slope, 1900 m alt., v.2007; SP12924, southern slope, Marai-parai, v.2007; SP 13019, southern slope, 1800 m alt., iii.2008; SP12924, southern slope, Marai-parai, v.2007; BMNH 20080202, southern slope, 1600 m alt., viii.1967; BMNH 20080203, southern slope, 2000 m alt., viii.1967. Mount Trusmadi: BOR/MOL 1293, Waras cave, 1600 m alt., iii.2002.</p> <p> <i>Diagnostic characteristics:</i> The shell shape of this species is similar to <i>Everettia klemmantanica</i>, but the spiral striation above the shell characterizes this species, compared with the granule-like sculpture in <i>E. klemmantanica</i>.</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Shell (Figs 6A, 11C): large, rather thin, yellowish brown. Spire moderately elevated, outer whorls shouldered below the suture. Periphery slightly shouldered to almost rounded, more distinctly angular in juveniles. Above the periphery, shell shiny with very weak (but distinct) oblique wrinkling, slightly stronger towards the suture and with densely, regularly placed spiral grooves, <i>c.</i> 7–8 per mm. Below the periphery, shell has fine, densely placed spiral grooves. Height up to 16.6 mm; width up to 29.0 mm; diameter of the first three whorls 1.4–1.5, 1.0–1.1, and 2.0– 2.1 mm, respectively; number of whorls up to five and a half; height aperture up to 12.1 mm; width aperture up to 16.0 mm. Genitalia (Fig. 7B): maximum length from genital opening to the end of dart-sac (before the visible gland tubules) up to 19 mm. The penis, dart-sac, and vagina with thick muscular walls. P, V arranged near the GO then followed by BC and DS where there is much space in the atrium between the openings of P + V and BC + DS. BC about two-thirds of total DS length. Animal (Fig. 8J): the whole animal head is uniformly black. The mantle is black and covered by sparsely distributed tiny bright spots and followed by regularly spaced radial black bands at the last half whorl.</p> <p> <i>Distribution and habitat:</i> Montane primary forest, from 1400 to 2000 m alt. Sabah: Mount Trusmadi, Mount Kinabalu (Fig. 5C).</p> <p> <i>Remarks:</i> Spiral striation on the shell is the key character for this species. The animals usually have a uniform black head, but there is a rare case where a white stripe is present between the tentacles, which is similar to the pattern in <i>E. klemmantanica</i>. Some immature specimens have only a few spiral striations above the shell near the periphery, and are distinctly shouldered at the periphery. We believe that this species was first collected in 1929 on Mount Kinabalu (1600 m; Pendlebury & Chasen, 1932) and Laidlaw (1937) mentioned that the shells were ‘definitely shouldered at the periphery, and like other Kinabalu specimens seem to me to differ from the type of <i>subconsul</i> in the British Museum’.</p>Published as part of <i>Liew, Thor-Seng, Schilthuizen, Menno & Vermeulen, Jaap Jan, 2009, Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo, pp. 515-550 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (3)</i> on page 536, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00526.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5443023">http://zenodo.org/record/5443023</a>
Does the Side of Stroke Matter? An fMRI Study on the Role of Stroke Laterality on the Action Observation Network
No full textAbstract
Date Presented 4/1/2017
This poster presents an fMRI study on the role of the action observation network in stroke recovery by examining brain activity differences after left hemisphere stroke and right hemisphere stroke. Our findings suggest that the side of stroke may impact responsiveness to treatment.
Primary Author and Speaker: Kaori L. Ito
Contributing Authors: Sook-Lei Liew, Kathleen Alice Garrison, Panthea Heydari, Mona Sobhani, Julie Werner, Hanna Damasio, Carolee Winstein, Lisa Aziz-Zadeh</jats:p
Using feedback to improve VLSI designs
No full textVLSI HLS design is a typical design optimization problem with a focus on generating good solutions. Typical expert design systems incorporate a large amount of domain knowledge to generate good initial solutions. These systems are unable to use information gleaned from analysis of the solutions (feedback)to generate better solutions. This paper describes a new technique called Constrained-Redo that uses feedback to improve both the power and coverage of an existing design system, the DAA system.Technical report hpcd-tr-2
Feedback directed optimization
No full textOptimization is a very important part of the design process. There are few design problems where concerns for either cost, quality, design time, etc., are not important. A great deal of time and design effort is spent on determining how to generate a solution that is optimized for a particular set of criteria, e.g., cost or time. However, optimization remains an ill-understood part of the process in many design problems. This thesis describes an innovative approach towards finding good solutions, i.e., optimized solutions, by using information about interactions between components (local interactions) gleaned from earlier solutions. The approach is called Feedback Directed Optimization (FDO). FDO is an iterative design approach based on the assumption that information about local interactions between solution components are essential towards being able to converge on good solutions to resource optimization problems. The approach includes techniques for (1) credit-blame assignment to determine where local interactions occur that might have been overlooked by the problem solver (2) controlling the problem solver on subsequent iterations to generate better solutions. These techniques have been developed and tested on several problem solvers in multiple domains. In addition, we have analysed the approach and have developed a prescriptive framework whereby new and existing problem solvers can use our techniques.Technical report HPCD-TR-1
The FAD Project
No full textDesign is much easier when the design problem can be decomposed into small pieces that can be solved independently and then easily combined to form a solution. However, when the design goals include limiting overall usage of some resources, e.g. for a digital circuit limits on computation time or silicon area, interactions often arise which make it difficult to determine what effect some decision about a small piece of an artifact will have on the overall quality of the solution. Thus decomposition becomes impossible and, if the problem is too large to handle by exhaustive search, finding a good solution is very hard.
We have focussed our attention primarily on the task of High-Level Synthesis (HLS) of VLSI digital circuits - the process of converting a computation specified in a language much like a programming language into a register-transfer level description of a circuit to carry out this computation. Real problems in this domain involve not just producing functionally correct circuits, but also circuits that use limited amounts of time and silicon area, and perhaps also limited power. They are often very large and complex problems, and require many decisions, and many kinds of decisions, to be made before a solution is generated. The space of possible solutions is therefore very large and it is not feasible to examine all possible solutions. Thus, this domain is a good example of problems where global interactions due to multiple resource constraints combine with a large search space to make design hard.
The standard approach taken by current programs which do HLS is to none the less treat groups of decisions as if they were independent, and to use a heuristic function to estimate how good a proposed partial solution is. Unfortunately, these heuristics are not good enough (and as we will discuss below {em cannot} be good enough) to produce designs competitive with those of human designers.
This paper describes a new approach we have developed for solving such problems, which we call {em Feedback Aided Design} (FAD). Since we can only really tell how good a design is when it is complete, our approach essentially does a {em search in the space of complete designs.} However, each step we make in this space is not made by directly perturbing the previous design. Rather, we design a complete circuit using standard methods, analyze it to propose a few key decisions which should have been made differently than they were, and rerun the standard design methods with the added constraints on how these specific decisions are to be made. Thus, we wrap the standard
methods in an outer loop which runs them, analyzes the resulting circuit, and produces constraints which are the used as feedback to guide the next iteration of design. Our approach does not require additional software to ensure the correctness of the final solution, a requirement that would be needed if our search entailed direct modification of the design.
Although our approach depends strongly on domain knowledge to do the analysis, we believe our framework gives important guidance as to what domain knowledge is needed and how a system can be structured to use it. We believe this framework should transfer to a number of important domains besides High-Level Synthesis.
The approach is being implemented in the FAD System. This work is part of the CAP (Computer Aided Productivity) Project, a long term research effort in the Laboratory for Computer Science Research at Rutgers University aimed at modelling the design process and developing knowledge-based design systems for a spectrum of design domains.Technical report CAP-TR-1
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