1,721,053 research outputs found
LTE DOWNLINK AND UPLINK PHYSICAL LAYER
Get PDFLTE (Long Term Evolution) is a next generation standard by 3GPPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) consortium. This book chapter gives an overview of LTE, the physical signals and channels that are involved in downlink and uplink transmissions of LTE Physical layer (PHY). Throughput simulations results are presented and analyzed to show the performance of one of the downlink channels (PUSCH – Physical Uplink Shared Channel)
Instability of National Agricultural Research Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa:Research Report Lessons from Nigeria
Get PDFNARS leaders and managers are concerned not just about an adequate level of resources,but also the stability of resources and institutional sustainability. Here, we examine six types of instability (policy, program, institutional, funding, research staff, and governance instability) using estimated instability indices to give empirical results on the levels of instability in Nigeria’s research institutes. Among other results, the findings confirm the proposition that capital budgets tend to be more unstable than recurrent budgets. The report presents empirical indicators and analyses at the institute-specific level that NARS leaders and managers can use in their discussions with decision makers and in regional and global policy dialogues. The constraints on research institutes that induce in-
stability are examined within the framework of a hierarchy of constraints. The implications of the analysis are examined and strategies for strengthening the stability of
the Nigerian NARS are suggested
Development of a Solar-ESP Wellhead System For Remote Wellhead Operations in Marginal Oilfields
Get PDFTelecommunication Cost Reduction in Nigeria through Infrastructure Sharing between Operators.
Get PDFThis paper reviews the cost structure of mobile telecoms operations and presents collocation strategies aimed at reducing the total cost of ownership of mobile telecom service. An approach where everything on the site except for the shelters are shared by two or more operators is proposed with the shelters installed either in a storied fashion or placed side by side while the cost of electrical energy, cooling, tower construction, security, and fuel is shared by the operators on the site. A typical base station BTS requires 3000W of power while the air conditioners are typically the 2HP capacity type requiring about 1500W. Lighting (security lights inclusive) can require up to 3000W. All of these loads sum up to approximately 10000W. This compared with the typical generator capacity of 20KVA shows that an extra shelter (BTS) load of 3000W can be accommodated by the generator on the site with the air conditioning shared in the form of a central air conditioning system. The use of ducts has been found to reduce the buildup of heat in the shelters thereby reducing the cooling required by up to 20%.
The shared resource can be outsourced to a third party while each operator controls the access to their individual shelters. The provision of strict enforceable legislation will also ensure that operators get fair treatment regardless of their status on the site. Collocation has the capacity of reducing the capital expenses (CAPEX) and total site dependent operational expenses (OPEX) for each of the by up to 50% depending on the lease agreements between the operators and at the same time facilitating a faster deployment time for new operators in a mature market and ultimately reducing telecom tariffs
Design of a GPS/GSM based Tracker for the Location of Stolen Items and Kidnapped or Missing Persons in Nigeria
Get PDFThe high rate of kidnapping in Nigeria is fueled by the inability of security agencies to quickly identify the
location of the kidnapped persons. This system combines the position location capabilities of the GPS (Global Positioning
System) to identify the current location of the kidnapped person or stolen items. These coordinates are time stamped,
accessed by the microcontroller and sent to predetermined mobile phones via the GSM network. The GPS readings are
accessed at short regular intervals but only the latest five readings are stored per time and these five readings are
transmitted on demand by the GSM modem under the control of the Microcontroller upon the receipt of a location request
SMS. The system monitors the GSM signal strength as the tracked object or person moves and when the GSM received
signal strength falls below a predetermined threshold value, an alert together with the last five location data is sent to the
monitoring mobile phones and the control center notifying them that the tracked object is approaching an area without
GSM coverage. The system is designed to be permanently on and it is run on batteries that can last for very long periods
before requiring a recharge. The unit is designed to be attached to the clothing or strapped on the tracked person in such a
way that it can not be easily identified or removed. It also has a panic button which can be activated during an emergency
to send the location data to the predetermined numbers
The Flipped Classroom and Open Courseware: Tools for Improving the Quality of the Nigerian Graduate.
Get PDFGlobalization has led to more and more students taking advanced degrees from different continents. These continents in most cases have different curriculum, different educational philosophies and different teaching methods at the undergraduate levels. Students from developing countries such as Nigeria take their first degrees from their home countries and several advanced degrees from developed countries. These students get to compete with graduates from other countries (developed and developing) and a large number of them loose out during the selection process not because they do not possess the required intellectual ability for such graduate programs, but because either the curriculum in their home universities are outdated, or the difference in teaching methods down played some critical admission requirement for those courses. The open courseware pioneered by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a compilation of course materials, actual lecture notes and class videos of courses taught at the MIT and are available for free access over the internet. The use of these materials in the flipped classroom model where the students are assigned relevant videos to watch before the class provides students with access to the curriculum of the university (MIT) and also provides lecturers in the home university with opportunity of updating both their teaching methods and the content of their lecture materials. This combination of the OCW and the Flipped classroom will expose the Nigerian students to updated curriculum, high quality examination questions and problem sets thus greatly enhancing the quality of the Nigerian Graduate and also increasing their chances of being admitted to top ranked universities and excelling in the graduate programs
3G-5G Spectrum Bundling: Strategies for Rapid Technology Adoption for the 5G Communication Standard
Get PDFThe increasing demand for bandwidth and the need for higher data rate for both voice and data transmission has made it mandatory for a review of the current communication technologies and standards. The 5G telecommunication standard expected to be deployed in 2020 offers a number of capacity and bandwidth enhancements over the current 3G and 4G standards however, the challenges associated with the frequency spectrum being proposed for the 5G network will place a limit on the cell sizes and thus a rollout will require a massive investment in infrastructure. This paper proposes a bundling of the 5G spectrum with the existing 3G spectrum so as to enable operators share BTS cell site resources between both the existing 3G networks and the 5G network. The key advantages of this approach include a minimal requirement of CAPEX and OPEX required to deploy the 5G technology, a quicker return on investment for the operators and an improved user experience due to a reduction in the number of dropped calls as a result of the availability of both the 3G and the 5G spectrum
Remote Operation of Oil and Gas production installations in the Niger Delta
Get PDFThe current security challenges posed by the militancy in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and the need by the International Oil and Gas Companies(IOC) operating in these areas to deploy both local and expatriates personnel for mandatory site visits both for operations, maintenance and upgrades make it necessary for the evolution of more effective operation strategies. The IOCs have resorted to the use of armed military escorts for staff to and from the sites and this has yielded some reduction in the risks but has still not totally eliminated it. This paper presents a robust communication configuration which is designed to enable remote operations, control, maintenance and upgrades by experts from a secure location away from the site. The system is implemented using appropriate sensors, communication links, topologies and plant operators. The advantages of this system include the reduction of staff exposure to the risks currently associated with traveling to these remote locations in the Niger delta region. It also ensures significant OPEX cost savings for the IOCs in terms of logistics costs and also allows for an increased effectiveness of the experts in terms of deployment time and the number of sites the can handle
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