60 research outputs found
Enquêter avec et auprès des jeunes en difficulté en contexte africain : une démarche méthodologique par le bas
No full textThis article reflectively reports on a research experience carried out in the frame of a PhD thesis in educational science related to the social future of street children, placed or not in a social safeguarding institution, in two West-African cities: Dakar and Bamako. The surveyed youths, as participants’ in a Master’s project (Dembélé, 2005), who were contacted through an intermediary, became interviewers at the PhD project phase. In fact, the young interviewers are invited to give an account of their own lives, before asking the other children and young people they surveyed to tell the stories of their lives too. Then, the interviewers are asked to transcribe the stories of their life and put these stories in a chronological order for later checking by the authors of the stories so that they can eventually amend their stories at the end of the review of their past life. Using these methodological choices, the life stories of two hundred former street children, who have become young-adults, were collected by twenty five young people. This research experience results in a theoretical, methodological, and epistemological analysis at the same time. This research model questions on the following: What meaning can be given to the words collected from a child or a young man by other children and young people having similar life paths? What are the advantages and limitations of this surveying approach by immersion through an intermediary involving children and young people? What precautions are to be taken to overcome the obstacles to empirical data collection by the youths who are themselves concerned by a similar study
Obesity and Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly: Prospective Study in Primary Care
No full textBackground: Obesity is a chronic pathology that affects people of all ages, from infants to the elderly, residing in both developed and developing countries. Objective: Our aim is to study the link between obesity and frailty in the elderly. Method: A prospective study was carried out in 12 General Medicine practices in Champagne-Ardenne, in the Departments of Marne and the Ardennes, France, for a period of 12 months (from 2 May 2019 through 30 April 2020). All patients included were aged 65 or older, in consultation with a general practitioner, and had an ADL (Activity of Daily Living) greater than or equal to 4. Frailty was measured using the Fried scale and the simplified ZULFIQAR frailty scale. Results: 268 patients aged 65 and over were included, with an average age of 77.5 years. A total of 100 were obese according to BMI. The mean Fried (/5) in the series was 1.57, and the mean sZFS (/5) was 0.91. Our study shows that obesity is not significantly correlated with frailty according to the FRIED sarcopenic scale, but is significantly correlated with frailty according to the sZFS scale. Conclusions: The link between obesity and frailty remains much debated, with the underlying emergence of sarcopenic obesity equally prevalent among the elderly. This is a preliminary study that should be followed by large-scale outpatient studies to better clarify the links between sarcopenia and obesity
Pénurie de bois et passage de l'autoconsommation à la commercialisation rurale et urbaine dans le bassin du Pondori au Mali et dans le département de l'Atlantique au Bénin
No full textLe contractant étudiera l'évolution des pratiques d'autoconsommation et de commercialisation du bois de feu et leurs conséquences dans deux cas précis : la zone du Pondori (basse vallée du Bani au Mali) où on assiste à un passage de l'autoconsommation vers la commercialisation rurale du bois de feu induisant des modifications fondamentales des systèmes agraires ; la Province de l'Atlantique au Bénin, proche de Cotonou, où la croissance des besoins urbains en bois de feu et charbon de bois, donne à ces produits une valeur commerciale croissante. Ceci induit des comportements de production et de commercialisation de plus en plus complexes qu'il importe d'étudier en tenant compte des variations locales et de leurs effets sur le fonctionnement et la structuration des systèmes agraires
Gap-filling of daily streamflow time series using Direct Sampling in various hydroclimatic settings
No full textComplete hydrological time series are necessary for water resources management and modeling. This can be challenging in data scarce environments where data gaps are ubiquitous. In many applications, repetitive gaps can have unfortunate consequences including ineffective model calibration, unreliable timing of peak flows, and biased statistics. Here, Direct Sampling (DS) is used as a non-parametric stochastic method for infilling gaps in daily streamflow records. A thorough gap-filling framework including the selection of predictor stations and the optimization of the DS parameters is developed and applied to data collected in the Volta River basin, West Africa. Various synthetic missing data scenarios are developed to assess the performance of the method, followed by a real-case application to the existing gaps in the flow records. The contribution of this study includes the assessment of the method for different climatic zones and hydrological regimes and for different upstream-downstream relations among the gauging stations used for gap filling. Tested in various missing data conditions, the method allows a precise and reliable simulation of the missing data by using the data patterns available in other stations as predictor variables. The developed gap-filling framework is transferable to other hydrological applications, and it is promising for environmental modeling.Accepted Author ManuscriptWater Resource
Explicit Serre weights for GL_2 via Kummer theory
No full textWe give an explicit formulation of the weight part of Serre's conjecture for GL_2 using Kummer theory. This avoids any reference to p-adic Hodge theory. The key inputs are a description of the reduction modulo p of crystalline extensions in terms of certain "G_K-Artin-Scheier cocycles" and a result of Abrashkin which describes these cocycles in terms of Kummer theory. An alternative explicit formulation in terms of local class field theory was previously given by Dembele-Diamond-Roberts in the unramified case and by the second author in general. We show that the description of Dembele-Diamond-Roberts can be recovered directly from ours using the explicit reciprocity laws of Brueckner-Shaferevich-Vostokov. These calculations illustrate how our use of Kummer theory eliminates certain combinatorial complications appearing in these two papers
Explicit Serre weights for two-dimensional Galois representations
No full textWe prove the explicit version of the Buzzard–Diamond–Jarvis conjecture formulated
by Dembele et al. (Serre weights and wild ramification in two-dimensional Galois
representations, Preprint (2016), arXiv:1603.07708 [math.NT]). More precisely, we prove
that it is equivalent to the original Buzzard–Diamond–Jarvis conjecture, which was
proved for odd primes (under a mild Taylor–Wiles hypothesis) in earlier work of the
third author and coauthors
Simulation of glazing behavior in fires using computational fluids dynamics and spectral radiation modeling
No full textAssociation of Frailty Status with Risk of Fall among Hospitalized Elderly Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Acute Geriatric Unit
No full textIntroduction: The objective was to study the association of frailty status in hospitalized elderly patients with risk of fall in an acute geriatric unit and to characterize elderly “fallers” using a comprehensive gerontological assessment. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients over 65 years of age and hospitalized in an acute geriatric unit. This work was carried out in the Acute Geriatric Medicine Unit, Saint-Julien Hospital, Center Hospitalier Universitaire de Rouen from 1 June 2016 to 15 August 2016. Results: 172 patients were included during the collection period, with a female predominance of 115 patients (66.9%). The average age of the sample was 79.37 years old (65–85). The average CHARLSON score was 6.93 (3–16). Patients came from home in 81.4% of cases (i.e., 140 patients), and from a nursing home in 18.6% of cases (i.e., 32 patients). The risk of falling, as assessed by the Monopodal Support Test, returned as abnormal for 127 patients. In our series, there was a statistically strong link between the risk of falling and the presence of a dementia pathology (p = 0.009), the presence of a vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.03), the presence of frailty, as assessed by the three scales (modified SEGA scale, Fried scale and CFS/7 (<0.001), a high comorbidity score (p = 0.04), and a disturbed autonomy assessment according to IADL (p = 1.02 × 10−5) and according to ADL (p = 6.4 × 10−8). There was a statistically strong link between the risk of falling and the occurrence of death (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The consequences of the fall in terms of morbidity and mortality and the frequency of this event with advancing age and its impact on the quality of life as well as on health expenditure justify a systematic identification of the risk of falling in the elderly population. It is therefore important to have sensitive, specific, and reproducible tools available for identifying elderly people at high risk of falling
Problématique de mise en oeuvre du système de riziculture intensif dans les périmètres rizicoles irrigués de Karfiguéla et de la vallée du Kou au Burkina Faso
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