84,928 research outputs found
External interventions and the duration of civil wars
No full textThe authors combine an empirical model of external intervention, with a theoretical model of civil war duration. Their empirical model of intervention allows them to analyze civil war duration, using"expected"rather than"actual"external intervention as an explanatory variable in the duration model. Unlike previous studies, they find that external intervention is positively associated with the duration of civil war. They distinguish partial third-party interventions that extend the length of war, from multilateral"peace"operations, which have a mandate to restore peace without taking sides - and which typically take place at war's end, or at least when both sides have agreed to a cease-fire. In a future paper, the authors will examine whether partial third-party interventions - whatever their effect on a war's duration - increase the risk of war's recurrence. If that proves true, then even if interventions reduce the length of civil war, they may do so at the cost of further destabilizing the political system, and sowing the seeds of future rebellion.Children and Youth,Peace&Peacekeeping,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Post Conflict Reconstruction,International Affairs,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Social Conflict and Violence,Peace&Peacekeeping,Post Conflict Reconstruction,International Affairs
The water resources structures on the Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim routes to Makka and Medinah
No full textAI-Hajj in Arabic means the pilgrimage to MAKKA. This was
an ancient rite which was recognised a long time before the
rise of Islam. According to the holy Quran and Islamic
tradi tion, AI-Haj j goes back to the time of the prophet
Ibrahim. Thus MAKKA was a focus for worship but it was also
a commercial centre and a way station/stopping place on the
ancient trade caravan road between south western -Arabia and
Bilad AI-Sham,' now Syria. In part the inhabitants of MAKKA
practised this trade because their environment was not
suitable for other alternative economic activities.
The importance of MAKKA, as a ritual place increased after
the rise of Islam because it became Qibla-Kiblah -
the direction to which muslims turn in praying towards AIKa'aba.
Yathrib - later to become Medinah - is the second holy city.
In fact it was not a ritual place, but like MAKKA it was a
stopping place on the ancient trade caravan road. The
inhabitants of Medinah practised agriculture because their
environment was more suitable than that at MAKKA; water was
available and the land was fertile so that in addition to
trade, they also practised agriculture.
The importance of Medinah as a holy place only developed
after AI-Hijra - the immigration of the prophet Mohammad,
peace be upon him, to it and his establishing of Islam at
that site. Medinah became the capital of the Islamic state
both religiously and politically. Islam then spread from
Medinah over the Arabian Peninsular to the world beyond.
The consequence of the conquest of Iraq, Bilad AI-Sham,
Egypt, the north coast of Africa and Persia was that the
majority of the population of these countries accepted and
adopted Islam as their religious faith. As a result of this
the populations of these countries came annually to make AlHajj and in doing so developed several additional pilgrim
caravan routes. However, it is the Syrian and Egyptian
pilgrim routes - Tareeq AI-Hajj AI-Shami and Wal Masri which
are the objects of this work. In both these cases the
pilgrim caravan routes were previously ancient trade caravan
routes which travelled through Arabia, particularly through
the western province of Al Hijaz.
The geographical location of Arabia, the cross roads of
three continents, Asia, Africa, and Europe, made important
the pre-Islamic routes which ran through it. Of course the
function of this network at that time was commercial but
after the rise of Islam the function of this network of
routes became to transport the pilgrims. The geological and
topographical features, as well as climatic conditions, in
Arabia played a great role in determining the ancient routes
in Arabia. The availability of water was a very important
consideration on these routes and was influenced by
environmental conditions. Since the rainfall is
insufficient, the resulting absence or shortage of water on
the pilgrim caravan routes made the caliphs pay great
concern to providing the pilgrim routes with the most
essential facilities, particularly water supplies and
storage. Ever since the earliest Islamic times, they
provided for the travellers Al birak, water tanks; Ahwadh cisterns; Qanawat - channels; and abyar - wells, in order to
make AI-Hajj journey more comfortable. The pilgrim caravans
in general, and the Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim caravan
routes in particular, passed through several stages of
development since their origin in early Islamic times and
these evolutionary stages can be seen until the beginning of
this century. Because the object of this thesis is to
document the remains of the water resource structures, an
extensive survey and investigation has been completed on the
Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim caravan routes. The field work
has been conducted in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the
north western region where the Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim
routes cross the country. The field work mainly aimed at
ascertaining the location of all the way stations and their
names and surveying each station in order to record the
surviving remains of water resource structures. The field
work covered a large area of about 8, OOOkm transect and
extended from MACCA in the south through Medinah to the
North as far as Halat I Ammar on the north at the border
between Saudi Arabia and Jordan. From N.W. to S .Wit
stretched from Haql on the Gulf of AI-' Aqaba as far as
MAKKA. These routes consist of the major, or principal
caravan routes as well as a number of traverse routes which
allow travellers a choice of transit as well as connecting
routes. There are large way stations as well as small minor
way stations. As part of this dissertation, almost all the
stopping places have been identified and documented by mapping and photography
Pengaruh Content Marketing dan Product Knowledge terhadap Purchase Intention Generasi Z dalam menggunakan layanan Bank Syariah Indonesia: Studi pada generasi Z Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
No full textABSTRAK
Perkembangan teknologi saat ini mengalami kemajuan yang pesat. Terutama dengan adanya platfrom media sosial yang menjadi salah satu alat pemasaran yang efektif dalam memanfaatkan peluang tersebut. Pemasaran melalui media sosial menggunakan konten untuk memperkenalkan dan memasarkan produk-produk kepada masyarakat dengan tujuan meningkatkan minat beli. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menginvestigasi hubungan antara content marketing dan product knowledge dengan purchase intention Generasi Z terhadap layanan Bank Syariah Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada mahasiswa Generasi Z di Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksplanatori. Teknik purposive sampling digunakan dalam studi ini dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 individu dengan kriteria generasi Z yang masih aktif sebagai mahasiswa UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang dan memiliki rekening Bank Syariah Indonesia. Skala Likert digunakan sebagai alat pengukuran. Analisis data melibatkan penggunaan uji asumsi klasik, regresi linier berganda, uji t, uji F, dan uji koefisien determinasi menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 26. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel content marketing berpengaruh signifikan terhadap purchase intention, variabel product knowledge memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap purchase intention, dan secara simultan variabel content marketing dan product knowledge berpengaruh signifikan terhadap purchase intention.
ABSTRACT
The development of technology is currently experiencing rapid progress. Especially with the existence of social media platforms which are one of the effective marketing tools in taking advantage of these opportunities. Marketing through social media uses content to introduce and market products to the public with the aim of increasing buying interest. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between content marketing and product knowledge with the purchase intention of Generation Z towards Bank Syariah Indonesia services. Data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires to Generation Z students at Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang.
This research uses quantitative methods with explanatory research types. Purposive sampling technique was used in this study with a sample of 100 individuals with generation Z criteria who are still active as students of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang and have an Indonesian Sharia Bank account. The Likert scale is used as a measurement tool. Data analysis involved the use of classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t tests, F tests, and determination coefficient tests using SPSS software version 26. The results of this study show that content marketing variables have a significant effect on purchase intention, product knowledge variables have a significant influence on purchase intention, and simultaneously content marketing and product knowledge variables have a significant effect on purchase intention.
مستخلص البحث
تشهد التطورات التكنولوجية حاليًا تقدمًا سريعًا. خاصة مع وجود منصة تواصل اجتماعي والتي أصبحت أداة تسويقية فعالة في الاستفادة من هذه الفرصة. يستخدم التسويق عبر وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي المحتوى لتقديم المنتجات وتسويقها للجمهور بهدف زيادة الاهتمام بالشراء. لذلك ، فإن الغرض من هذا البحث هو التحقيق في العلاقة بين تسويق المحتوى ومعرفة المنتج مع نية شراء الجيل Z تجاه خدمات بنك الشريعة الإندونيسية. تم جمع البيانات من خلال توزيع الاستبيانات على طلاب الجيل زد في جامعة الدولة الإسلامية في مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج.
تستخدم هذه الدراسة المنهج الكمي مع البحث التوضيحي. تم استخدام تقنية أخذ العينات الهادفة في هذه الدراسة مع عينة إجمالية من 100 فرد لديهم معايير الجيل Z والذين لا يزالون نشطين كطلاب في UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang ولديهم حساب في بنك Syariah Indonesia. يستخدم مقياس ليكرت كأداة قياس. تضمن تحليل البيانات استخدام اختبار الافتراض الكلاسيكي ، والانحدار الخطي المتعدد ، واختبار t ، واختبار F ، واختبار معامل التحديد باستخدام برنامج SPSS الإصدار 26. وتشير نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى أن متغير تسويق المحتوى له تأثير كبير على نية الشراء ، متغير معرفة المنتج له تأثير كبير على نية الشراء ، وفي نفس الوقت يكون لمتغيرات تسويق المحتوى ومعرفة المنتج تأثير كبير على نية الشراء
Wright, Z.: Living Knowledge in West African Islam. The Sufi Community of Ibrahim Niasse.
No full textWright, Z.: Living Knowledge in West African Islam. The Sufi Community of Ibrahim Niasse
Strategi Dakwah Dinda Ibrahim dalam Menanamkan Akidah Gen-Z di TikTok
No full textAplikasi TikTok merupakan media sosial yang sedang digemari oleh warga net, terutama oleh anak-anak Gen-Z. Saat ini sudah banyak sekali content creator yang bermunculan dan mengunggah berbagai jenis konten yang beragam. Di aplikasi ini, selain digunakan untuk hiburan juga bisa digunakan sebagai tempat bagi warga net untuk menambah ilmu pengetahuan. Dewasa ini, sudah banyak sekali dai-dai muda yang mulai bermunculan dimana mereka menjadikan TikTok sebagai wadah untuk berdakwah, salah satunya adalah Dinda Ibrahim. Dinda Ibrahim turut meramaikan TikTok dengan membuat konten edukatif islami di akun pribadinya. Dinda Ibrahim mengemas konten dakwahnya dengan kreatif dan juga kekinian, hal itu agar menarik perhatian warga net, terutama bagi para Gen-Z. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis strategi yang dilakukan Dinda Ibrahim di TikTok dalam menanamkan akidah Gen-Z. selain itu, penelitian ini dilakukakan sebagai acuan bagi para da’i yang ingin berdakwah melalui sosial media untuk membuat konten yang menarik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui media digital, buku, jurnal, dan literatur lainnya yang terkait dengan strategi dakwah dan media yang digunakan. Hasil Penelitian ini yaitu Dinda Ibrahim menggunakan berbagai macam strategi dalam berdakwah di Tiktok, diantaranya strategi sentimental, strategi rasional, strategi indrawi.
İbrahim Varlık ile sözlü tarih görüşmesi
No full textBu görüşme, Genç Hayat Vakfı tarafından, Sokağımdan Tarih Yazıyorum başlığı altında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler, İstanbul'un, Beyoğlu, Fatih, Eyüp, Kağıthane, Şişli, Maltepe, Üsküdar, Tuzla, Beykoz ve Sarıyer ilçelerinde yaşayan ve bu ilçelerdeki ortaöğretim kurumlarında eğitim gören lise öğrencileri tarafından yapılmıştır. Bu proje kapsamında, Kağıthane ilçesinde yapılan görüşmelerin sayısı 10'dur.Balıkesir ilinin Gönen ilçesinde doğan İbrahim Varlık, çocukluğunda avukat olmak istediğini ancak maddi olanaklar el vermediği için okula gidemeyip çalıştığını anlatır. İlkokulu bitirdikten sonra geldiği İstanbul’da ilk olarak İtfaiye Müdürü olan amcasının yanına yerleşir. Daha sonra Kağıthane’ye geçen Varlık, ilk dükkanını 15 yaşındayken Kağıthane’de açar. 1970’li yıllarda askere gider ve aynı dönemde kadın kuaförlüğü ile ilgilenmeye başlar. 1980’li yıllarda siyah-beyaz televizyonlardan renkli televizyonlara geçiş yapılırken Varlık Stüdyosu’nu açarak yurtdışından gelen filmlerin kopyasını çıkartır ve piyasaya sürer. Daha sonra bir süre de inşaat işine giren Varlık, kendini geliştirmek istediği için eğitim hayatına geri döndüğünü ifade eder. Esnaflığın yanında yarım bıraktığı eğitimine devam ederek ortaokul ve liseyi dışarıdan bitirir. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi’nden mezun olan Varlık, Anadolu Üniversitesi Halkla İlişkiler Bölümü’nde de son sınıf öğrencisidir. Şişli Eski Belediye Başkanı Mehmet Emin Sungur ile Kağıthane’nin ilk gazetesi olan Gecekondu Gazetesi’ni çıkarır. Bunun dışında Anı isimli aylık bir dergi çıkarttığından ve çeşitli gazetelere yazılar yazdığından bahseder. Tiyatroyla da yakından ilgilenerek bazı çocuk tiyatrolarında rol alır. Çocukluğundaki Kağıthane hakkında detaylı bilgiler verirken ilçedeki meşhur mezbahadan da bahseder. Zaman içinde kalabalıklaşan ilçenin 1960’lı yıllardan sonra köy görünümünden çıkarak yavaş yavaş bir kasaba ve hatta sanayi bölgesi oluşunu anlatır. Birçok ünlü isme de ev sahipliği yapan ilçenin Türkiye’nin Hollywood’u olduğunu söyler. Toplumun ve özellikle de gençliğin değişimini vurgular.Genç Hayat VakfıArslan, İ., Gürsakal, B., Duran, B., Gündoğdu, Z.. " "Kağıthane'nin iki üniversite mezunu, sıra dışı berberi: İbrahim Varlık".". Sokağımdan Tarih Yazıyorum. 04 Kağıthane
Gangguan Gamophobia di kalangan generasi z UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang analisis Maqashid Syariah: Studi pandangan tokoh Majelis Ulama Indonesia Kota Malang
No full textABSTRAK
Majelis Ulama Indonesia Kota Malang memberikan pandangannya mengenai gangguan gamophobia atau ketakutan pernikahan dan komitmen pada generasi Z di UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang dengan menggunakan analisis maqashid syariah untuk mengetahui tingkat kemaslahatan dan hukum pernikahan bagi para penderita gangguan gamophobia generasi Z di UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apa faktor yang melatarbelakangi generasi Z di UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang menderita gangguan gamophobia dan bagaimana pandangan Majelis Ulama Indonesia Kota Malang terhadap gangguan gamophobia.
Penelitian ini termasuk kedalam penelitian empiris (field research) yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, data pada penelitian ini bersumber dari wawancara para tokoh-tokoh ulama Majelis Ulama Indonesia Kota Malang dan narasumber gamophobia di UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, serta buku-buku dan jurnal yang berkaitan. Adapun teknik pengolahan datanya yaitu menggunakan pemeriksaan data, klasifikasi, verifikasi data, analisis, dan kesimpulan.
Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan: pertama, faktor gamophobia pada generasi Z di UIN Maualana Malik Ibrahim Malang adalah faktor pribadi, faktor ekonomi, dan faktor psikologis. Kedua, Majelis Ulama Indonesia Kota Malang memberikan pandangannya mengenai gamophobia yaitu tidak sesuai dengan maqashid syariah karena alasan yang dikemukakan tidak bersifat dharuriyyat dengan rasa ketakutannya yang besar seseorang yang mengidap gamophobia lebih mengedepankan hajiyat nya dari pada dharuriyyat. Selain itu gamophobia tidak sesuai dengan syariat Islam dan menyalahi kodrat sebagai manusia. Hukum menikah bagi penderita yang memiliki rasa ketakutan berlebih yakni makruh, karena dikhawatirkan apabila menikah akan menimbulkan mudharat yang lebih besar dan membujang bagi dirinya mubah apabila tidak terhalang oleh sesuatu yang bersifat dharuriyyat. Oleh karena itu, mendalami agama dan melakukan terapi kepada psikolog dapat dilakukan untuk mengindari dan menyembuhkan kekhawatiran berlebih terhadap pernikahan.
ABSTRACT
The Indonesian Ulama Council of Malang City gave its views on gamophobia disorder or fear of marriage and commitment to generation Z at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang by using sharia maqashid analysis to find out the level of benefits and marriage laws for people with gamophobia disorder generation Z at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The formulation of the problem in this study is what are the factors behind generation Z at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang suffering from gamophobia disorder and how the Indonesian Ulama Council of Malang City views gamophobic disorder.
This research is included in empirical research (field research) that uses a qualitative approach, the data in this study is sourced from interviews with scholars of the Indonesian Ulama Council of Malang City and gamophobia speakers at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, as well as related books and journals. The data processing technique is using data examination, classification, data verification, analysis, and conclusions.
The results of this study can be concluded: first, gamophobia factors in generation Z at UIN Maualana Malik Ibrahim Malang are personal factors, economic factors, and psychological factors. Second, the Indonesian Ulama Council of Malang City gave its views on gamophobia, which is not in accordance with sharia maqashid because the reason stated is not dharuriyyat with a great sense of fear that a person who suffers from gamophobia prioritizes his hajiyat rather than dharuriyyat. In addition, gamophobia is not in accordance with Islamic law and violates the nature of human beings. The law of marriage for sufferers who have excessive fear is makruh, because it is feared that getting married will cause greater harm and be single for him if he is not hindered by something dharuriyyat. Therefore, delving into religion and doing therapy to a psychologist can be done to avoid and cure excessive worry about marriage.
مستخلص البحث
قدم مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي في مدينة مالانج وجهات نظره حول اضطراب رهاب القامة أو الخوف من الزواج والالتزام بالجيل ز في مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج باستخدام تحليل مقاشد الشريعة لمعرفة مستوى الفوائد وقوانين الزواج للأشخاص الذين يعانون من اضطراب رهاب غمفبي بالجيل ز في مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج. صياغة المشكلة في هذه الدراسة هي ما هي العوامل الكامنة وراء الجيل بالجيل ز في مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج الذي يعاني من اضطراب رهاب غمفبي وكيف ينظر مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي لمدينة مالانج إلى اضطراب رهاب غمفبي.
يتم تضمين هذا البحث في البحث التجريبي (البحث الميداني) الذي يستخدم نهجا نوعيا ، ويتم الحصول على البيانات الواردة في هذه الدراسة من مقابلات مع علماء مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي في مدينة مالانج والمتحدثين عن رهاب الألعاب في مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج، بالإضافة إلى الكتب والمجلات ذات الصلة. تستخدم تقنية معالجة البيانات فحص البيانات وتصنيفها والتحقق منها وتحليلها والاستنتاجات.
يمكن استنتاج نتائج هذه الدراسة: اولا، عوامل رهاب الألعاب في الجيل ز في مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج هي عوامل شخصية وعوامل اقتصادية وعوامل نفسية. ثانيا، اعطى مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي في مدينة مالانغ وجهات نظره حول رهاب الغاموفوبيا، الذي لا يتوافق مع مقاصد الشريعة لأن السبب المذكور ليس الدارورية مع شعور كبير بالخوف من أن الشخص الذي يعاني من رهاب الغاموفوبيا يعطي الأولوية لحاجيته بدلا من الذاريات. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، ا يتوافق رهاب غمفبي مع الشريعة الإسلامية وينتهك طبيعة البشر، قانون الزواج للمصابين الذين لديهم خوف مفرط هو المكروه، لأنه يخشى أن يؤدي الزواج إلى ضرر أكبر ويكون عازبا بالنسبة له إذا لم يعيقه شيء من الدارورية، لذلك، يمكن القيام بالخوض في الدين والقيام بالعلاج لطبيب نفساني لتجنب وعلاج القلق المفرط بشأن الزوا
The Benefits of Being Economics Professor A (and not Z)
No full textAlphabetic name ordering on multi-authored academic papers, which is the convention in the economics discipline and various other disciplines, is to the advantage of people whose last name initials are placed early in the alphabet. As it turns out, Professor A, who has been a first author more often than Professor Z, will have published more articles and experienced afaster growth rate over the course of her career as a result of reputation and visibility. Moreover, authors know that name ordering matters and indeed take ordering seriously: Several characteristics of an author group composition determine the decision to deviate from the default alphabetic name order to a significant extent.performance measurement, incentives, economists, name ordering
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