19 research outputs found
: Value Chain Analysis of Rice: The case of Shebe Sombo Woreda, Southwest Ethiopia.
No full textThis research attempts to analyze rice value chain in Shebe Sombo district of Jimma zone,
Ethiopia. The study aimed at identifying rice value chain actors and their respective
functions, assessing the distribution of rice value addition at different stages of
themarketing
chain,analyzing market performance of rice value chain, identifying factors affecting market
participation and intensity of marketed surplus. Data were collected from primary sources
through astructured questionnaire, checklists, focus group discussion and key informant
interviews. In addition, secondary datawere gathered through reviewing andexamination of
reports as well as records of published and unpublished documents. Two-stage random
sampling technique were employed; and a total of 148 farmers from four kebeles were
randomly and proportionately sampled. Other than farmer, 32 traders were also selected
using
purposive sampling techniques based on their volume of trade.Descriptive statistics and
econometric methods of data analysis were used to analyze the data. Value chain tools were
used to identify rice value chain actors and share of value added by each value chain
participant. Besides,S-C-P model was used to analyze market performance of rice value
chain. Tobit model was used to identify factors affecting market participation and the extent
of marketed surplus of rice.The results of the descriptive statisticsshowed that out of the
sampled rice producing households 80% were rice market participants and about 36.4% of
the total rice produced was supplied to the market. Value chain analyses revealed that the
major actors in rice value chain were input suppliers, producers, collectors, processors,
wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Each of these actors adds value as the product was
transferred from one actor to another. Rice producers added 41% of the total value,
processors, wholesalers, retailers and Collectors respectively contributed to further value
addition of20%,18%,13% and 8%. Based on the market concentration ratio (62.3%) we
conclude that the rice market in the study area can be classified asoligopolistic form of
market structure. The result of Tobit model shows that market participation and intensity of
marketed surplus are influenced significantly and positively by availability of labor, amount
of credit used, membership in cooperative, land allocated for rice, education of household
head, rice farming experience, number of oxen and market information while family size,
livestock holding, distance to nearest market, non-farm income negatively affect market
participation and intensity of marketed surplus.Based on the findings of the study, we
suggest that the government and concerned stakeholders should focus on Strengthening the
linkage among rice value chain actors and supportive institutions, improving road
infrastructures, providing adequate credit and building knowledge of farmers on credit use,
strengthen the adult education system, strengthening institutions that convey reliable and
timely market information and promoting farmers’ cooperatives
Analysis of vegetables market performance in Kersa district, Jimma zone, Ethiopia
No full textAnalysis of marketing performance of vegetable plays an important role in the development of
certain country by analyzing its profitability for participants and analyzing its marketing
channels exist in the market chain. However, many study ignored to analyze market participation
and its supply volumes simultaneously in Ethiopi
Analysis of economic efficiency in rice production Among smallholder farmers in shabe sombo district, Oromia regional state, ethiopia
No full textEthiopia faces a pressing food security challenge due to increasing population and low
agricultural productivity. Improvement in productivity and efficiency in crop production is an
important step toward achieving food security. This study aims to assess the technical, allocative,
and economic efficiency of smallholder rice producers in Shabe Sombo District, Oromia Region,
and identify factors influencing these efficiencies. A two-stage sampling technique was used to
select 255 farmers, and primary data were collected for the 2022/23 production year. For this
investigation, the data were collected from primary and secondary sources. To estimate technical,
allocative, and economic efficiency levels, a Cobb Douglas production function was fitted using a
stochastic production frontier technique
Determinants of Adoption of Improved Teff Variety and Its Impact on Household Food Security in Gena District, Dawuro Zone, South West Region, Ethiopia
No full textIn Ethiopia, increasing household food security is largely dependent on the adoption of improved
teff variety. The main goal of this study was to examine how the adoption of improved teff variety
affected on the households food security. The data was collected from Gena Woreda of Dawuro
Zone, South West Region, Ethiopia in 2024. The survey consists of 219 sampled teff growers out
of whom 91 were improved teff variety adopters and 128 were non-adopters. The study employed
a two-stage sampling techniques, purposively selecting rural Kebeles followed by simple random
sampling of households. Sample households provided cross-sectional data for the study. The
study employed a probit model and an Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) model to
investigate the factors influencing the adoption of improved teff variety and the resulting impact
on household food security. According to the findings of the probit model, the adoption of
improved teff variety was significantly and positively associated with the frequency of extension
contact, cooperative membership, and tropical livestock unit. However, the adoption of the
improved teff variety was negatively and significantly influenced by the sex of the household
head and the distance to the market. The impact results from the ESR models showed that if
adopters had not chosen to adopt the improved teff variety, their food consumption score and
household consumption expenditure would have decreased by 3.92 and 7612.77 ETB annually,
respectively. However, if non-adopters choose to change to the enhanced teff variety, their
household consumption expenditure and food consumption score increased by 6030.13 ETB
annually and 0.05, respectively. Additionally, the endogenous treatment effect model results
showed that the adoption of the improved teff variety had a significantly positive influence on the
household food consumption expenditure and score. Accordingly, promoting farmers to
membership of cooperatives, improving frequency of extension contact, creating reliable
information and awareness about improved farm technology, and timely agricultural inputs
supply will increase farmers’ decision to adopt improved teff variety in the are
Analysis of Legal Challenges in Adjudicating Disputes Arising out of E-commerce in Ethiopia: Comparative Study with US and EU legal systems
No full textThe introduction of internet is changing the way businesses interact with their customers and
suppliers. The advancement of e-commerce has brought with it new challenges in cross-border e commerce transactions legal disputes jurisdictional subject matters. The existing private
international law rules cannot without limitation provide sufficient juridical protection and
coverage for parties who contract electronically with foreign parties. Under Ethiopians context,
though the country is trying its best to advance its legal regime for digital economy in general
and e-commerce aspect specifically, the existing legal regime of the country is with no solution as
to how sound and legitimate forum should be established by courts on the subject matter. The
work analyzes legal challenges to determine appropriate jurisdiction that are facing or
potentially to face Ethiopian courts whilst entertaining cross border e-commerce legal disputes.
Specific focus was given to the jurisdictional subject matter.
Using dominantly qualitative and some quantitative method of analyzing rules, the research has
investigated and analyzed legal challenges Ethiopia’s courts face or are potentially to face while
adjudicating cases of trans-boundary e-commerce legal disputes. The study find out that proper
determination of jurisdiction for the trans-boundary e-commerce is among the hurdle tasks for
courts of Ethiopia. Ethiopia’s Federal high courts are with number of hindrances so that they
cannot freely and without difficulty determine the issue. The challenges faced or potentially to be
faced by the courts ranges from some legal frame work deficiencies to poor exposure of the
courts to the case. Further the author has also found that, Ethiopia’s legal system as things
stands cannot freely address the complex legal issue of jurisdictional subject matter for trans boundary e-commerce legal disputes. Thus, the author has recommended that there shall be
modifications in legal frameworks on the subject matter and some institutional arrangements to
be taken by Federal high court administrations. Lastly some external issues the Ethiopia’s
government should settle are also forwarde
Survey of the Relationship between humans needs levels and their level entrepreneurship (A case study: Marand city)
No full textABSTRACT This article aims to investigate the relationship between employees needs level and their entrepreneurship. This study is descriptive correlation and applied. The statistical population consists of 1665 employees of industrial estates and production units in Marand city (Iran). The data were collected by interviews and author made questionnaire based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Its validity in terms of professors and experts in this field has been confirmed. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by scholars view points and the reliability was obtained according to Cronbach's alpha. For analysis of the data SPSS software package was used. The research results suggest that there is a relationship among need to succeed, need to self-discovery, need to growth, livelihood needs, security needs and motivational needs and entrepreneurship levels, but there is no relationship between health needs and entrepreneurship levels
Campylobacter colonization and undernutrition in infants in rural eastern Ethiopia — a longitudinal community-based birth cohort study
No full textBackgroundCampylobacter is associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and malnutrition in children. Campylobacter infection could be a linchpin between livestock fecal exposure and health outcomes in low-resource smallholder settings.MethodsWe followed a birth cohort of 106 infants in rural smallholder households in eastern Ethiopia up to 13 months of age. We measured anthropometry, surveyed sociodemographic determinants, and collected stool and urine samples. A short survey was conducted during monthly visits, infant stool samples were collected, and Campylobacter spp. was quantified using genus-specific qPCR. In month 13, we collected stool and urine samples to assay for EED biomarkers. We employed regression analyses to assess the associations of household determinants with Campylobacter colonization, EED, and growth faltering.ResultsThe Campylobacter load in infant stools increased with age. The mean length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) decreased from −0.45 at 3–4 months of age to −2.06 at 13 months, while the prevalence of stunting increased from 3 to 51%. The prevalence of EED at 13 months of age was 56%. A higher Campylobacter load was associated with more frequent diarrhea. Prelacteal feeding significantly increased Campylobacter load in the first month of life. Over the whole follow-up period, Campylobacter load was increased by keeping chickens unconfined at home and unsanitary disposal of infant stools while decreased by mothers’ handwashing with soap. Longitudinally, Campylobacter load was positively associated with food insecurity, introduction of complementary foods, and raw milk consumption. There were no significant associations between Campylobacter load, EED, and LAZ.ConclusionThis study found that most determinants associated with increased Campylobacter infection were related to suboptimal feeding practices and hygiene. The findings related to livestock-associated risks were inconclusive. Although stunting, EED, and Campylobacter prevalence rates all increased to high levels by the end of the first year of life, no significant association between them was identified. While additional research is needed to investigate whether findings from this study are replicable in other populations, community efforts to improve infant and young child feeding practices and food hygiene, and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) at the household level, could reduce (cross-)contamination at the point of exposure
Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBackground Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods 22¿223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30¿763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31¿642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution.Research reported in this publication was supported by the Gates Foundation, UK Department of Health and Social Care, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, and the New Zealand Ministry of Health. The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics granted the researchers access to relevant data in accordance with license no. SLN2019-8-64 and SLN2014-3-170, after subjecting data to processing aiming to preserve the confidentiality of individual data in accordance with the General Statistics Law-2000.Peer ReviewedArticle signat per 1836 autors/es: Austin E Schumacher, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Amirali Aali, Cristiana Abbafati, Jaffar Abbas, Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh, Madineh Akram Abbasi, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Ahmed Abdelwahab, Mohammad Abdollahi, Meriem Abdoun, Auwal Abdullahi, Ame Mehadi Abdurehman, Mesfin Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Armita Abedi, Tadesse M Abegaz, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga, E S Abhilash, Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Mohamed Abouzid, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Woldu Aberhe Abrha, Michael R M Abrigo, Dariush Abtahi, Samir Abu Rumeileh, Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh, Salahdein Aburuz, Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Juan Manuel Acuna, Tim Adair, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Oyelola A Adegboye, Victor Adekanmbi, Bashir Aden, Abiola Victor Adepoju, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa, Olorunsola Israel Adeyomoye, Rishan Adha, Amin Adibi, Wirawan Adikusuma, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saryia Adra, Abel Afework, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Ali Afraz, Shadi Afyouni, Saira Afzal, Pradyumna Agasthi, Shahin Aghamiri, Antonella Agodi, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Muayyad M Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade, Mohadese Ahmadzade, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Budi Aji, Olufemi Ajumobi, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Essona Matatom Akara, Karolina Akinosoglou, Sreelatha Akkala, Samuel Akyirem, Hanadi Al Hamad, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Ammar Al Homsi, Mohammad Al Qadire, Moein Ala, Timothy Olukunle Aladelusi, Tareq Mohammed Ali AL-Ahdal, Samer O Alalalmeh, Ziyad Al-Aly, Khurshid Alam, Manjurul Alam, Zufishan Alam, Rasmieh Mustafa Al-amer, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Mohammed Albashtawy, Mohammad T AlBataineh, Robert W Aldridge, Sharifullah Alemi, Ayman Al-Eyadhy, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, Khalid F Alhabib, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi, Abid Ali, Akhtar Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Hassam Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait Ali, Zahid Ali, Shohreh Alian Samakkhah, Gianfranco Alicandro, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Mohammad Aligol, Rasoul Alimi, Ahmednur Adem Aliyi, Adel Al-Jumaily, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Wael Almahmeed, Sabah Al-Marwani, Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri, Joseph Uy Almazan, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Omar Almidani, Mahmoud A Alomari, Nivaldo Alonso, Jaber S Alqahtani, Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi, Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah, Awais Altaf, Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq, Khalid A Altirkawi, Farrukh Jawad Alvi, Hassan Alwafi, Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi, Hany Aly, Karem H Alzoubi, Azmeraw T Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Abebe Feyissa Amhare, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Alireza Amindarolzarbi, Javad Aminian Dehkordi, Sohrab Amiri, Hubert Amu, Dickson A Amugsi, Jimoh Amzat, Robert Ancuceanu, Deanna Anderlini, Pedro Prata Andrade, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Dhanalakshmi Angappan, Abhishek Anil, Afifa Anjum, Catherine M Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Iyadunni Adesola Anuoluwa, Sumadi Lukman Anwar, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Muhammad Aqeel, Jalal Arabloo, Razman Arabzadeh Bahri, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Mosab Arafat, Ana Margarida Araújo, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Abdulfatai Aremu, Hany Ariffin, Timur Aripov, Benedetta Armocida, Mahwish Arooj, Anton A Artamonov, Kurnia Dwi Artanti, Judie Arulappan, Idowu Thomas Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Ashokan Arumugam, Malke Asaad, Saeed Asgary, Mubarek Yesse Ashemo, Muhammad Ashraf, Marvellous O Asika, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout, Alok Atreya, Sameh Attia, Avinash Aujayeb, Abolfazl Avan, Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Getnet Melaku Ayele, Jose L Ayuso-Mateos, Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh, Sina Azadnajafabad, Gulrez Shah Azhar, Shahkaar Aziz, Ahmed Y Azzam, Mina Babashahi, Abraham Samuel Babu, Muhammad Badar, Alaa Badawi, Ashish D Badiye, Soroush Baghdadi, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Sulaiman Bah, Saeed Bahadorikhalili, Jianjun Bai, Ruhai Bai, Jennifer L Baker, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Abdulaziz T Bako, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Saliu A Balogun, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Kiran Bam, Maciej Banach, Soham Bandyopadhyay, Biswajit Banik, Palash Chandra Banik, Hansi Bansal, Shirin Barati, Martina Barchitta, Mainak Bardhan, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Ronald D Barr, Lope H Barrero, Zarrin Basharat, Asma’u I J Bashir, Hameed Akande Bashiru, Pritish Baskaran, Buddha Basnyat, Quique Bassat, João Diogo Basso, Saurav Basu, Kavita Batra, Ravi Batra, Bernhard T Baune, Mohsen Bayati, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Thomas Beaney, Neeraj Bedi, Tahmina Begum, Emad Behboudi, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Maryam Beiranvand, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Michelle L Bell, Aminu K Bello, Muhammad Bashir Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello, Luis Belo, Apostolos Beloukas, Salaheddine Bendak, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Bensenor, Habib Benzian, Zombor Berezvai, Adam E Berman, Amiel Nazer C Bermudez, Paulo J G Bettencourt, Habtamu B Beyene, Kebede A Beyene, Devidas S Bhagat, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Ashish Bhalla, Dinesh Bhandari, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Prarthna V Bhardwaj, Ashish Bhargava, Sonu Bhaskar, Vivek Bhat, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Manpreet S Bhatti, Rajbir Bhatti, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Boris Bikbov, Nada Binmadi, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Antonio Biondi, Catherine Bisignano, Francesca Bisulli, Atanu Biswas, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Saeid Bitaraf, Tone Bjørge, Archie Bleyer, Mary Sefa Boampong, Virginia Bodolica, Aadam Olalekan Bodunrin, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Milad Bonakdar Hashemi, Aime Bonny, Kaustubh Bora, Berrak Bora Basara, Safiya Bala Borodo, Rohan Borschmann, Alejandro Botero Carvajal, Souad Bouaoud, Sofiane Boudalia, Edward J Boyko, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Dejana Braithwaite, Hermann Brenner, Gabrielle Britton, Annie J Browne, Andre R Brunoni, Norma B Bulamu, Lemma N Bulto, Danilo Buonsenso, Katrin Burkart, Richard A Burns, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Reinhard Busse, Yasser Bustanji, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Tianji Cai, Daniela Calina, Luis Alberto Cámera, Luciana Aparecida Campos, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Chao Cao, Carlos Alberto Cardenas, Rosario Cárdenas, Sinclair Carr, Giulia Carreras, Juan J Carrero, Andrea Carugno, Felix Carvalho, Márcia Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Giulio Castelpietra, Ferrán Catalá-López, Alberico L Catapano, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Arthur Caye, Christopher R Cederroth, Francieli Cembranel, Muthia Cenderadewi, Kelly M Cercy, Ester Cerin, Muge Cevik, Pamela R Uscamaita Chacón-Uscamaita, Yaacoub Chahine, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Chin-Kuo Chang, Periklis Charalampous, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Victoria Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, Malizgani Paul Chavula, Huzaifa Ahmad Cheema, An-Tian Chen, Haowei Chen, Lingxiao Chen, Meng Xuan Chen, Simiao Chen, Nicolas Cherbuin, Derek S Chew, Gerald Chi, Jesus Lorenzo Chirinos-Caceres, Abdulaal Chitheer, So Mi Jemma Cho, William C S Cho, Bryan Chong, Hitesh Chopra, Rahul Choudhary, Rajiv Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Eric Chung, Eunice Chung, Sheng-Chia Chung, Karly I Cini, Cain C T Clark, Kaleb Coberly, Alyssa Columbus, Haley Comfort, Joao Conde, Sara Conti, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Vera Marisa Costa, Ewerton Cousin, Richard G Cowden, Michael H Criqui, Natália Cruz-Martins, Garland T Culbreth, Patricia Cullen, Matthew Cunningham, Daniel da Silva e Silva, Sriharsha Dadana, Omid Dadras, Zhaoli Dai, Koustuv Dalal, Lachlan L Dalli, Giovanni Damiani, Emanuele D’Amico, Sara Daneshvar, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Jai K Das, Saswati Das, Nihar Ranjan Dash, Mohsen Dashti, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Nicole Davis Weaver, Kairat Davletov, Diego De Leo, Aklilu Tamire Debele, Louisa Degenhardt, Reza Dehbandi, Lee Deitesfeld, Ivan Delgado-Enciso, Laura Delgado-Ortiz, Daniel Demant, Berecha Hundessa Demessa, Andreas K Demetriades, Xinlei Deng, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Nikolaos Dervenis, Don C Des Jarlais, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Rupak Desai, Keshab Deuba, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Sourav Dey, Arkadeep Dhali, Kuldeep Dhama, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Dhimal, Sameer Dhingra, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Adriana Dima, Delaney D Ding, M Ashworth Dirac, Abhinav Dixit, Shilpi Gupta Dixit, Thanh Chi Do, Thao Huynh Phuong Do, Camila Bruneli do Prado, Masoud Dodangeh, Klara Georgieva Dokova, Christiane Dolecek, E Ray Dorsey, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos, Rajkumar Doshi, Leila Doshmangir, Abdel Douiri, Robert Kokou Dowou, Tim Robert Driscoll, Haneil Larson Dsouza, John Dube, Samuel C Dumith, Susanna J Dunachie, Bruce B Duncan, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Senbagam Duraisamy, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Sulagna Dutta, Paulina Agnieszka Dzianach, Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic, Oluwakemi Ebenezer, Ejemai Eboreime, Alireza Ebrahimi, Chidiebere Peter Echieh, Abdelaziz Ed-Dra, Hisham Atan Edinur, David Edvardsson, Kristina Edvardsson, Defi Efendi, Ferry Efendi, Shayan Eghdami, Terje Andreas Eikemo, Ebrahim Eini, Michael Ekholuenetale, Emmanuel Ekpor, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Rabie Adel El Arab, Doaa Abdel Wahab El Morsi, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Iffat Elbarazi, Noha Mousaad Elemam, Frank J Elgar, Islam Y Elgendy, Ghada Metwally Tawfik ElGohary, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Muhammed Elhadi, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy, Mohammed Elshaer, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Amir Emami Zeydi, Mehdi Emamverdi, Theophilus I Emeto, Luchuo Engelbert Bain, Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar, Tesfahun C Eshetie, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Juan Espinosa-Montero, Kara Estep, Farshid Etaee, Ugochukwu Anthony Eze, Natalia Fabin, Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Saman Fahimi, Luca Falzone, Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris, Mohsen Farjoud Kouhanjani, Andre Faro, Hossein Farrokhpour, Ali Fatehizadeh, Hamed Fattahi, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Pooria Fazeli, Valery L Feigin, Ginenus Fekadu, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Abdullah Hamid Feroze, Daniela Ferrante, Pietro Ferrara, Nuno Ferreira, Getahun Fetensa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Joanne Flavel, Abraham D Flaxman, Luisa S Flor, Bobirca Teodor Florin, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Kristen Marie Foley, Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov, Lisa M Force, Carla Fornari, Behzad Foroutan, Matteo Foschi, Kate Louise Francis, Richard Charles Franklin, Alberto Freitas, Joseph Friedman, Sara D Friedman, Takeshi Fukumoto, John E Fuller, Peter Andras Gaal, Muktar A Gadanya, Santosh Gaihre, Abduzhappar Gaipov, Emmanuela Gakidou, Yaseen Galali, Nasrin Galehdar, Silvano Gallus, Quan Gan, Aravind P Gandhi, Balasankar Ganesan, Jalaj Garg, Shuo-Yan Gau, Prem Gautam, Rupesh K Gautam, Federica Gazzelloni, Miglas W Gebregergis, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Tesfay Brhane Gebremariam, Urge Gerema, Motuma Erena Getachew, Tamirat Getachew, Peter W Gething, Mansour Ghafourifard, Sulmaz Ghahramani, Khalid Yaser Ghailan, Alireza Ghajar, Mohammad Javad Ghanbarnia, MohammadReza Ghasemi, Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh, Fariba Ghassemi, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Sailaja Ghimire, Asadollah Gholamian, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah, Ghozali Ghozali, Sherief Ghozy, Arun Digambarrao Ghuge, Alessandro Gialluisi, Ruth Margaret Gibson, Artyom Urievich Gil, Paramjit Singh Gill, Tiffany K Gill, Richard F Gillum, Themba G Ginindza, Alem Girmay, James C Glasbey, Elena V Gnedovskaya, Laszlo Göbölös, Amit Goel, Mohamad Goldust, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Arefeh Golestanfar, Davide Golinelli, Philimon N Gona, Houman Goudarzi, Amir Hossein Goudarzian, Anmol Goyal, Scott Greenhalgh, Michal Grivna, Giovanni Guarducci, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Mesay Dechasa Gudeta, Avirup Guha, Stefano Guicciardi, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Sasidhar Gunturu, Cui Guo, Anish Kumar Gupta, Bhawna Gupta, Indarchand Ratanlal Gupta, Rajat Das Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Reyna Alma Gutiérrez, Farrokh Habibzadeh, Parham Habibzadeh, Vladimir Hachinski, Mohammad Haddadi, Rasool Haddadi, Nils Haep, Adel Hajj Ali, Esam S Halboub, Sobia Ahsan Halim, Brian J Hall, Sebastian Haller, Rabih Halwani, Randah R Hamadeh, Kanaan Hamagharib Abdullah, Samer Hamidi, Mohammad Hamiduzzaman, Ahmad Hammoud, Nasrin Hanifi, Graeme J Hankey, Md Abdul Hannan, Md Nuruzzaman Haque, Harapan Harapan, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Faizul Hasan, Ikramul Hasan, M Tasdik Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Mohammad Hasanian, Ali Hasanpour- Dehkordi, Abbas M Hassan, Amr Hassan, Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam, Soheil Hassanipour, Johannes Haubold, Rasmus J Havmoeller, Simon I Hay, Youssef Hbid, Jeffrey J 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Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textRegular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations.Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Queensland Department of Health, Australia; UK Department of Health and Social Care; the Norwegian Institute of Public Health; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital; and the New Zealand Ministry of Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders. The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics granted the researchers access to relevant data in accordance with license number SLN2014-3-170, after subjecting data to processing aiming to preserve the confidentiality of individual data in accordance with the General Statistics Law–2000. The researchers are solely responsible for the conclusions and inferences drawn upon available data. Collection of these data was made possible by USAID under the terms of cooperative agreement GPO-A-00-08-000_D3-00.Peer ReviewedArticle signat per 2000 autors/es: Mohsen Naghavi , Kanyin Liane Ong , Amirali Aali , Hazim S Ababneh , Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate , Cristiana Abbafati , Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh , Mohammadreza Abbasian , Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari , Hedayat Abbastabar , Samar Abd ElHafeez , Michael Abdelmasseh , Sherief Abd-Elsalam , Ahmed Abdelwahab , Mohammad Abdollahi , Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar , Meriem Abdoun , Deldar Morad Abdulah , Auwal Abdullahi , Mesfin Abebe , Samrawit Shawel Abebe , Aidin Abedi , Kedir Hussein Abegaz , E S Abhilash , Hassan Abidi , Olumide Abiodun , Richard Gyan Aboagye , Hassan Abolhassani , Meysam Abolmaali , Mohamed Abouzid , Girma Beressa Aboye , Lucas Guimarães Abreu , Woldu Aberhe Abrha , Dariush Abtahi , Samir Abu Rumeileh , Hasan Abualruz , Bilyaminu Abubakar , Eman Abu-Gharbieh , Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh , Salahdein Aburuz , Ahmed Abu-Zaid , Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi , Tadele Girum Adal , Abdu A Adamu , Isaac Yeboah Addo , Giovanni Addolorato , Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi , Victor Adekanmbi , Abiola Victor Adepoju , Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji , Juliana Bunmi Adetunji , Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa , Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka , Olorunsola Israel Adeyomoye , Biruk Adie Adie Admass , Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani , Saryia Adra , Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi , Muhammad Sohail Afzal , Saira Afzal , Suneth Buddhika Agampodi , Pradyumna Agasthi , Manik Aggarwal , Shahin Aghamiri , Feleke Doyore Agide , Antonella Agodi , Anurag Agrawal , Williams Agyemang-Duah , Bright Opoku Ahinkorah , Aqeel Ahmad , Danish Ahmad , Firdos Ahmad , Muayyad M Ahmad , Sajjad Ahmad , Shahzaib Ahmad , Tauseef Ahmad , Keivan Ahmadi , Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade , Ali Ahmed , Ayman Ahmed , Haroon Ahmed , Luai A Ahmed , Mehrunnisha Sharif Ahmed , Meqdad Saleh Ahmed , Muktar Beshir Ahmed , Syed Anees Ahmed , Marjan Ajami , Budi Aji , Essona Matatom Akara , Hossein Akbarialiabad , Karolina Akinosoglou , Tomi Akinyemiju , Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif , Samuel Akyirem , Hanadi Al Hamad , Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan , Fares Alahdab , Samer O Alalalmeh , Tariq A Alalwan , Ziyad Al-Aly , Khurshid Alam , Manjurul Alam , Noore Alam , Rasmieh Mustafa Al-amer , Fahad Mashhour Alanezi , Turki M Alanzi , Sayer Al-Azzam , Almaza Albakri , Mohammed Albashtawy , Mohammad T AlBataineh , Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal , Khalifah A Aldawsari , Wafa A Aldhaleei , Robert W Aldridge , Haileselasie Berhane Alema , Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayohu , Sharifullah Alemi , Yihun Mulugeta Alemu , Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi , Khalid F Alhabib , Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa , Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi , Abid Ali , Amjad Ali , Liaqat Ali , Mohammed Usman Ali , Rafat Ali , Shahid Ali , Syed Shujait Shujait Ali , Gianfranco Alicandro , Sheikh Mohammad Alif , Reyhaneh Alikhani , Yousef Alimohamadi , Ahmednur Adem Aliyi , Mohammad A M Aljasir , Syed Mohamed Aljunid , François Alla , Peter Allebeck , Sabah Al-Marwani , Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri , Joseph Uy Almazan , Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi , Louay Almidani , Omar Almidani , Mahmoud A Alomari , Basem Al-Omari , Jordi Alonso , Jaber S Alqahtani , Shehabaldin Alqalyoobi , Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi , Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah , Zaid Altaany , Awais Altaf , Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq , Khalid A Altirkawi , Deborah Oyine Aluh , Nelson Alvis-Guzman , Hassan Alwafi , Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi , Hany Aly , Safwat Aly , Karem H Alzoubi , Reza Amani , Azmeraw T Amare , Prince M Amegbor , Edward Kwabena Ameyaw , Tarek Tawfik Amin , Alireza Amindarolzarbi , Sohrab Amiri , Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq , Hubert Amu , Dickson A Amugsi , Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa , Robert Ancuceanu , Deanna Anderlini , David B Anderson , Pedro Prata Andrade , Catalina Liliana Andrei , Tudorel Andrei , Colin Angus , Abhishek Anil , Sneha Anil , Amir Anoushiravani , Hossein Ansari , Ansariadi Ansariadi , Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam , Catherine M Antony , Ernoiz Antriyandarti , Davood Anvari , Saeid Anvari , Saleha Anwar , Sumadi Lukman Anwar , Razique Anwer , Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor , Muhammad Aqeel , Juan Pablo Arab , Jalal Arabloo , Mosab Arafat , Aleksandr Y Aravkin , Demelash Areda , Abdulfatai Aremu , Olatunde Aremu , Hany Ariffin , Mesay Arkew , Benedetta Armocida , Michael Benjamin Arndt , Johan Ärnlöv , Mahwish Arooj , Anton A Artamonov , Judie Arulappan , Raphael Taiwo Aruleba , Ashokan Arumugam , Malke Asaad , Mohsen Asadi-Lari , Akeza Awealom Asgedom , Mona Asghariahmadabad , Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi , Muhammad Ashraf , Armin Aslani , Thomas Astell-Burt , Mohammad Athar , Seyyed Shamsadin Athari , Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atinafu , Habtamu Wondmagegn Atlaw , Prince Atorkey , Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout , Alok Atreya , Avinash Aujayeb , Marcel Ausloos , Abolfazl Avan , Atalel Fentahun Awedew , Amlaku Mulat Aweke , Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla , Haleh Ayatollahi , Jose L Ayuso-Mateos , Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh , Sina Azadnajafabad , Rui M S Azevedo , Ahmed Y Azzam , Darshan B B , Abraham Samuel Babu , Muhammad Badar , Ashish D Badiye , Soroush Baghdadi , Nasser Bagheri , Sara Bagherieh , Sulaiman Bah , Saeed Bahadorikhalili , Najmeh Bahmanziari , Ruhai Bai , Atif Amin Baig , Jennifer L Baker , Abdulaziz T Bako , Ravleen Kaur Bakshi , Senthilkumar Balakrishnan , Madhan Balasubramanian , Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu , Kiran Bam , Maciej Banach , Soham Bandyopadhyay , Palash Chandra Banik , Hansi Bansal , Kannu Bansal , Franca Barbic , Martina Barchitta , Mainak Bardhan , Erfan Bardideh , Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo , Till Winfried Bärnighausen , Francesco Barone-Adesi , Hiba Jawdat Barqawi , Lope H Barrero , Amadou Barrow , Sandra Barteit , Lingkan Barua , Zarrin Basharat , Azadeh Bashiri , Afisu Basiru , Pritish Baskaran , Buddha Basnyat , Quique Bassat , João Diogo Basso , Ann V L Basting , Sanjay Basu , Kavita Batra , Bernhard T Baune , Mohsen Bayati , Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn , Thomas Beaney , Neeraj Bedi , Massimiliano Beghi , Emad Behboudi , Priyamadhaba Behera , Amir Hossein Behnoush , Masoud Behzadifar , Maryam Beiranvand , Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez , Yannick Béjot , Sefealem Assefa Belay , Chalie Mulu Belete , Michelle L Bell , Muhammad Bashir Bello , Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello , Luis Belo , Apostolos Beloukas , Rose Grace Bender , Isabela M Bensenor , Azizullah Beran , Zombor Berezvai , Alemshet Yirga Berhie , Betyna N Berice , Robert S Bernstein , Gregory J Bertolacci , Paulo J G Bettencourt , Kebede A Beyene , Devidas S Bhagat , Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula , Neeraj Bhala , Ashish Bhalla , Dinesh Bhandari , Kayleigh Bhangdia , Nikha Bhardwaj , Pankaj Bhardwaj , Prarthna V Bhardwaj , Ashish Bhargava , Sonu Bhaskar , Vivek Bhat , Gurjit Kaur Bhatti , Jasvinder Singh Bhatti , Manpreet S Bhatti , Rajbir Bhatti , Zulfiqar A Bhutta , Boris Bikbov , Jessica Devin Bishai , Catherine Bisignano , Francesca Bisulli , Atanu Biswas , Bijit Biswas , Saeid Bitaraf , Bikes Destaw Bitew , Veera R Bitra , Tone Bjørge , Micheal Kofi Boachie , Mary Sefa Boampong , Anca Vasilica Bobirca , Virginia Bodolica , Aadam Olalekan Bodunrin , Eyob Ketema Bogale , Kassawmar Angaw Bogale , Somayeh Bohlouli , Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa , Archith Boloor , Milad Bonakdar Hashemi , Aime Bonny , Kaustubh Bora , Berrak Bora Basara , Hamed Borhany , Arturo Borzutzky , Souad Bouaoud , Antoine Boustany , Christopher Boxe , Edward J Boyko , Oliver J Brady , Dejana Braithwaite , Luisa C Brant , Michael Brauer , Alexandra Brazinova , Javier Brazo-Sayavera , Nicholas J K Breitborde , Susanne Breitner , Hermann Brenner , Andrey Nikolaevich Briko , Nikolay Ivanovich Briko , Gabrielle Britton , Julie Brown , Traolach Brugha , Norma B Bulamu , Lemma N Bulto , Danilo Buonsenso , Richard A Burns , Reinhard Busse , Yasser Bustanji , Nadeem Shafique Butt , Zahid A Butt , Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos , Daniela Calina , Luis Alberto Cámera , Luciana Aparecida Campos , Ismael R Campos-Nonato , Chao Cao , Yin Cao , Angelo Capodici , Rosario Cárdenas , Sinclair Carr , Giulia Carreras , Juan J Carrero , Andrea Carugno , Cristina G Carvalheiro , Felix Carvalho , Márcia Carvalho , Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia , Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela , Giulio Castelpietra , Ferrán Catalá-López , Alberico L Catapano , Maria Sofia Cattaruzza , Christopher R Cederroth , Luca Cegolon , Francieli Cembranel , Muthia Cenderadewi , Kelly M Cercy , Ester Cerin , Muge Cevik , Joshua Chadwick , Yaacoub Chahine , Chiranjib Chakraborty , Promit Ananyo Chakraborty , Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan , Raymond N C Chan , Rama Mohan Chandika , Eeshwar K Chandrasekar , Chin-Kuo Chang , Jung-Chen Chang , Gashaw Sisay Chanie , Periklis Charalampous , Vijay Kumar Chattu , Pankaj Chaturvedi , Victoria Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou , Akhilanand Chaurasia , Angela W Chen , An-Tian Chen , Catherine S Chen , Haowei Chen , Meng Xuan Chen , Simiao Chen , Ching-Yu Cheng , Esther T W Cheng , Nicolas Cherbuin , Wondimye Ashenafi Cheru , Ju-Huei Chien , Odgerel Chimed-Ochir , Ritesh Chimoriya , Patrick R Ching , Jesus Lorenzo Chirinos-Caceres , Abdulaal Chitheer , William C S Cho , Bryan Chong , Hitesh Chopra , Sonali Gajanan Choudhari , Rajiv Chowdhury , Devasahayam J Christopher , Isaac Sunday Chukwu , Eric Chung , Erin Chung , Eunice Chung , Sheng-Chia Chung , Muhammad Chutiyami , Zinhle Cindi , Iolanda Cioffi , Mareli M Claassens , Rafael M Claro , Kaleb Coberly , Rebecca M Cogen , Alyssa Columbus , Haley Comfort , Joao Conde , Samuele Cortese , Paolo Angelo Cortesi , Vera Marisa Costa , Simona Costanzo , Ewerton Cousin , Rosa A S Couto , Richard G Cowden , Kenneth Michael Cramer , Michael H Criqui , Natália Cruz-Martins , Silvia Magali Cuadra-Hernández , Garland T Culbreth , Patricia Cullen , Matthew Cunningham , Maria paula Curado , Sriharsha Dadana , Omid Dadras , Siyu Dai , Xiaochen Dai , Zhaoli Dai , Lachlan L Dalli , Giovanni Damiani , Jiregna Darega Gela , Jai K Das , Saswati Das , Subasish 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Dohare , Klara Georgieva Dokova , Christiane Dolecek , Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez , Wanyue Dong , Deepa Dongarwar , Mario D'Oria , Fariba Dorostkar , E Ray Dorsey , Wendel Mombaque dos Santos , Rajkumar Doshi , Leila Doshmangir , Robert Kokou Dowou , Tim Robert Driscoll , Haneil Larson Dsouza , Viola Dsouza , Mi Du , John Dube , Bruce B Duncan , Andre Rodrigues Duraes , Senbagam Duraisamy , Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye , Laura Dwyer-Lindgren , Paulina Agnieszka Dzianach , Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic , Abdel Rahman E'mar , Ejemai Eboreime , Alireza Ebrahimi , Chidiebere Peter Echieh , Hisham Atan Edinur , David Edvardsson , Kristina Edvardsson , Defi Efendi , Ferry Efendi , Diyan Ermawan Effendi , Terje Andreas Eikemo , Ebrahim Eini , Michael Ekholuenetale , Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo , Iman El Sayed , Iffat Elbarazi , Teshome Bekele Elema , Noha Mousaad Elemam , Frank J Elgar , Islam Y Elgendy , Ghada Metwally Tawfik ElGohary , Hala Rashad Elhabashy , Muhammed Elhadi , Waseem El-Huneidi , Legesse Tesfaye Elilo , Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy , Mohamed A Elmonem , Mohammed Elshaer , Ibrahim Elsohaby , Theophilus I Emeto , Luchuo Engelbert Bain , Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar , Christopher Imokhuede Esezobor , Babak Eshrati , Sharareh Eskandarieh , Juan Espinosa-Montero , Habtamu Esubalew , Farshid Etaee , Natalia Fabin , Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka , Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe , Ayesha Fahim , Saman Fahimi , Aliasghar Fakhri-Demeshghieh , Luca Falzone , Mohammad Fareed , Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha , MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris , Pawan Sirwan Faris , Andre Faro , Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi , Ali Fatehizadeh , Hamed Fattahi , Nelsensius Klau Fauk , Pooria Fazeli , Valery L Feigin , Alireza Feizkhah , Ginenus Fekadu , Xiaoru Feng , Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad , Abdullah Hamid Feroze , Daniela Ferrante , Alize J Ferrari , Nuno Ferreira , Getahun Fetensa , Bikila Regassa Feyisa , Irina Filip , Florian Fischer , Joanne Flavel , David Flood , Bobirca Teodor Florin , 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Ahmad Ghashghaee , Fariba Ghassemi , Ramy Mohamed Ghazy , Ajnish Ghimire , Sama Ghoba , Maryam Gholamalizadeh , Asadollah Gholamian , Ali Gholamrezanezhad , Nasim Gholizadeh , Mahsa Ghorbani , Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah , Aloke Gopal Ghoshal , Paramjit Singh Gill , Tiffany K Gill , Richard F Gillum , Themba G Ginindza , Alem Girmay , James C Glasbey , Elena V Gnedovskaya , Laszlo Göbölös , Myron Anthony Godinho , Amit Goel , Ali Golchin , Mohamad Goldust , Mahaveer Golechha , Pouya Goleij , Nelson G M Gomes , Philimon N Gona , Sameer Vali Gopalani , Giuseppe Gorini , Houman Goudarzi , Alessandra C Goulart , Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart , Anmol Goyal , Ayman Grada , Simon Matthew Graham , Michal Grivna , Giuseppe Grosso , Shi-Yang Guan , Giovanni Guarducci , Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari , Mesay Dechasa Gudeta , Avirup Guha , Stefano Guicciardi , Rafael Alves Guimarães , Snigdha Gulati , Damitha Asanga Gunawardane , Sasidhar Gunturu , Cui Guo , Anish Kumar Gupta , Bhawna Gupta , 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Shariful Islam , Farhad Islami , Faisal Ismail , Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail , Hiroyasu Iso , Gaetano Isola , Masao Iwagami , Chidozie C D Iwu , Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu , Mahalaxmi Iyer , Linda Merin J , Jalil Jaafari , Louis Jacob , Kathryn H Jacobsen , Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh , Morteza Jafarinia , Abdollah Jafarzadeh , Khushleen Jaggi , Kasra Jahankhani , Nader Jahanmehr , Haitham Jahrami , Nityanand Jain , Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun , Abhishek Jaiswal , Elham Jamshidi , Mark M Janko , Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau , Sabzali Javadov , Tahereh Javaheri , Sathish Kumar Jayapal , Shubha Jayaram , Rime Jebai , Sun Ha Jee , Jayakumar Jeganathan , Anil K Jha , Ravi Prakash Jha , Heng Jiang , Yingzhao Jin , Olatunji Johnson , Mohammad Jokar , Jost B Jonas , Tamas Joo , Abel Joseph , Nitin Joseph , Charity Ehimwenma Joshua , Grace Joshy , Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak , Mikk Jürisson , Vaishali K , Billingsley Kaambwa , Ali Kabir , Zubair Kabir , Vidya Kadashetti , Dler Hussein Kadir , Rizwan Kalani , Laleh R Kalankesh , Leila R Kalankesh , Feroze Kaliyadan , Sanjay Kalra , Vineet Kumar Kamal , Sivesh Kathir Kamarajah , Rajesh Kamath , Zahra Kamiab , Naser Kamyari , Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai , Tanuj Kanchan , Himal Kandel , Arun R Kanmanthareddy , Edmund Wedam Kanmiki , Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi , Suthanthira Kannan S , Sushil Kumar Kansal , Rami S Kantar , Neeti Kapoor , Mehrdad Karajizadeh , Shama D Karanth , Reema A Karasneh , Ibraheem M Karaye , André Karch , Asima Karim , Salah Eddin Karimi , Arman Karimi Behnagh , Faizan Zaffar Kashoo , Qalandar Hussein Abdulkarim Kasnazani , Hengameh Kasraei , Nicholas J Kassebaum , Molly B Kassel , Joonas H Kauppila , Navjot Kaur , Norito Kawakami , Gbenga A Kayode , Foad Kazemi , Sina Kazemian , Tahseen Haider Kazmi , Getu Mosisa Kebebew , Adera Debella Kebede , Fassikaw Kebede , Tibebeselassie S Keflie , Peter Njenga Keiyoro , Cathleen Keller , Jaimon Terence Kelly , John H Kempen , Jessica A Kerr , Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot , Himanshu Khajuria , Amirmohammad Khalaji , Nauman Khalid , Anees Ahmed Khalil , Alireza Khalilian , Faham Khamesipour , Ajmal Khan , Asaduzzaman Khan , Gulfaraz Khan , Ikramullah Khan , Imteyaz A Khan , M Nuruzzaman Khan , Maseer Khan , Mohammad Jobair Khan , Moien AB Khan , Zeeshan Ali Khan , Mahammed Ziauddin Khan suheb , Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi , Khaled Khatab , Fatemeh Khatami , Haitham Khatatbeh , Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh , Armin Khavandegar , Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani , Feriha Fatima Khidri , Elaheh Khodadoust , Mohammad Khorgamphar , Moein Khormali , Zahra Khorrami , Ahmad Khosravi , Mohammad Ali Khosravi , Zemene Demelash Kifle , Grace Kim , Jihee Kim , Kwanghyun Kim , Min Seo Kim , Yun Jin Kim , Ruth W Kimokoti , Kasey E Kinzel , Adnan Kisa , Sezer Kisa , Desmond Klu , Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen , Jonathan M Kocarnik , Sonali Kochhar , Timea Kocsis , David S Q Koh , Ali-Asghar Kolahi , Kairi Kolves , Farzad Kompani , Gerbrand Koren , Soewarta Kosen , Karel Kostev , Parvaiz A Koul , Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana , Kewal Krishan , Hare Krishna , Varun Krishna , Vijay Krishnamoorthy , Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy , Kris J Krohn , Barthelemy Kuate Defo , Burcu Kucuk Bicer , Md Abdul Kuddus , Mohammed Kuddus , Ilari Kuitunen , Mukhtar Kulimbet , Vishnutheertha Kulkarni , Akshay Kumar , Ashish Kumar , Harish Kumar , Manasi Kumar , Rakesh Kumar , Madhulata Kumari , Fantahun Tarekegn Kumie , Satyajit Kundu , Om P Kurmi , Asep Kusnali , Dian
Climate change and One Health
No full textThe journal The Lancet recently published a countdown on health and climate change. Attention was focused solely on humans. However, animals, including wildlife, livestock and pets, may also be impacted by climate change. Complementary to the high relevance of awareness rising for protecting humans against climate change, here we present a One Health approach, which aims at the simultaneous protection of humans, animals and the environment from climate change impacts (climate change adaptation). We postulate that integrated approaches save human and animal lives and reduce costs when compared to public and animal health sectors working separately. A One Health approach to climate change adaptation may significantly contribute to food security with emphasis on animal source foods, extensive livestock systems, particularly ruminant livestock, environmental sanitation, and steps towards regional and global integrated syndromic surveillance and response systems. The cost of outbreaks of emerging vector-borne zoonotic pathogens may be much lower if they are detected early in the vector or in livestock rather than later in humans. Therefore, integrated community-based surveillance of zoonoses is a promising avenue to reduce health effects of climate change
