190 research outputs found
Correlation Between Periapical Health And The Quality Of The Endodontic Treatment In A Sudanese Population
No full textObjectives:
The objective of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the
quality of root fillings and coronal restorations and their association with
periapical status in an adult Sudanese population.
Materials and methods:
Periapical radiographs were taken of 70 root-filled teeth selected from
patients attending the Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of
Dentistry, University of Khartoum. The coronal status of the teeth was
scored according to a modification of Ryge’s criteria for marginal
adaptation. The quality of the root filling was assessed radiographically for
length and homogeneity. The periapical status was categorized on the basis
of presence or absence of signs of AP. The relationship between coronal
status, quality of root filling and periapical health was determined
statistically using Χ2 test.
Results:
Thirty-four teeth (48.57%) showed signs of AP. The combination of
adequate coronal restoration and adequate root filling resulted in
significantly reduced incidence of AP of 12.5% compared to 76.47%
presence of AP when both parameters scored as inadequate. When adequate
coronal restoration and poor root filling was combined together AP was
present in 40.9% of the teeth, while the combination of poor coronal
restoration and good root filling associated with 40% presence of the
disease. There’s statistically significant relation between the quality of the
treatment and the periapical status (P = 0.001).
Conclusion:
The incidence of AP in root-filled teeth was high. The importance of
a good coronal restoration and an adequate root filling should be stressed as
they both influence the periapical healt
Sustainable Development of the Nile River at Greater Khartoum
No full textSudan is the largest country in Africa, but there is poverty and a lack of infrastructure, skills and opportunity despite its substantial natural resources. The capital of Sudan is Khartoum City,
located at the confluence of the Blue and White Nile Rivers. Unfortunately development on Nile
River Front is limited due to the risk of flooding and erosion. There is a danger that rapid
economic development may take place in this unique area without sustainable development
planning. This research project aims to develop strategies to protect the Nile River banks by
suitable stabilization methods so that development can take place safely.
Data has been collected about hydrology, morphology, geotechnical factors, soil classifications, river pattern systems, driving forces, and the main problems restricting sustainable development and engineering works for the Nile River. In addition the following have been reviewed: historical background, existing land uses, current environmental situations, and the economic and social conditions of the study areas. Research identified Cairo, Egypt as a similar case study, where data collected by the author included historical background, current situations, strategic visions and development plan for Nile River Shores. Further information was collected about sustainable development from a general literature review.
From these collected data a set of guidelines and indicators for sustainable development was
established related to environmental, economic and social factors. Based on those guidelines and
indicators, methods of stabilization of the banks for each shore were specified and a proposed
development plan was established. Methods of stabilization of banks and the development plan
were refined and evaluated to establish a final version of the development plan: Sustainable
Development of the Nile River Front (SDNRF) at Greater Khartoum. From refinement and evaluations, barriers and constraints for implementation were specified with their suggested
solutions. Finally, conclusions and recommendations related to the SDNRF Manual about
development and regulations were established
The use of PROCEED mesh in ventral hernias: A pilot study on 22 cases
No full textBackground: The management of major omphalocoele and large incisional hernias is a common problem and constitutes a great challenge for paediatric surgeons. In most cases, the abdominal cavity is so small and does not allow immediate reduction. Prosthetic materials are becoming increasingly popular for such repair, but direct contact between the bowel and these synthetic materials carries the risk of adhesions and intestinal obstruction. The relatively new PROCEED mesh with absorbable layer in contact with the bowel and another polypropylene non-absorbable layer against the abdominal wall may not produce such adhesions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of this relatively new prosthetic mesh for repair of ventral hernia . Patients and Methods: Between June 2009 and December 2012, a pilot study was conducted on 22 cases with large ventral hernias subjected to open surgical repair using PROCEED mesh. The inclusion criterion was cases with large ventral hernias (>4 cm). The evaluating parameters were all the early and late postoperative complications. Results: The defect size ranged from 5 to 12 cm. The early postoperative complication (≤1 month) was seroma discharged from the wound in four cases, while the late complications were recurrent herniation and stitch sinus that occurred in three cases. No manifestations of intestinal obstruction, enterocutaneous fistula or mortality were encountered in any of the 22 cases. Conclusion: The use of PROCEED composite mesh in ventral hernias is feasible and has minimal complication rates
Some Aspects Of The General Conditions Of The World Bank Loans
No full textWorld Bank Loans, which are provided to different countries, contain
some of the General Conditions. These General Conditions are aiming to
arrange the procedure of providing of the loans and protecting the rights of
Borrowers Countries and the World Bank. This research covers some
aspects of the General Conditions of the World Bank Loans. It contains four
chapters and the conclusion.
Chapter one talks briefly about the establishment of the World Bank and
discusses its management, structure and its policies especially which are
concerning poverty. Chapter one also gives brief information about the
relation of Sudan with the World Bank.
Chapter two focuses on the steps of the World Bank projects, which
should be prepared and provided by the Borrower’s Countries to the World
Bank to have loans. Chapter two also discusses the financing of the projects
by the World Bank and the procedure of signing the loan agreements.
Chapter three explains the effectiveness of the loan agreement after the
conditions of effectiveness are satisfied. The Chapter also talks about the
authorization of the delegated person to sign on behalf of the Borrower
Countries, and the legal opinion of the Loan Agreement. Chapter three also
clarifies the withdrawal of proceeds of the loan, its arrangements, procedure
and means of withdrawal (disbursement, reimbursement and letter of
credit), requirements of disbursement and avoiding delays of disbursement.
Chapter four talks about the failure to fulfill the financial obligations and
covenants which result in the suspension of disbursements and sometimes
the cancellation of the loan. It also discusses the obligations and conditions
during suspension and cancellation, procedures for suspension and
cancellation and the procedures for lifting the suspension and cancellation.
Finally, the thesis concludes with the important issues considered in the
previous chapters
Infection Control measures in dental practice in Khartoum State
No full textThe objectives of this study were to investigate compliance of the
Sudanese dentists with the recommended infection control measures , to
determine if practices differ between government and private clinics and
to compare the Sudanese practices to those commonly found in other
parts of the world . The study was a survey carried out on the dentists
stationed in Khartoum State . Questionnaires about the infection control
measures were distributed to the 150 randomly selected dentists in their
clinics . The data was analyzed with computer using (SPSS) .The results
showed that 52% vaccinated against HBV , 73% used dry heat for
instrument sterilization while 22% used autoclave . For the use of PPE ,
results showed 92% wore gloves before treating patients , 50% used
facemasks,15% used protective eyewear and about 61% wore coats.
Results also indicated that 24% sterilized handpieces , 48% disinfected
impressions and non-disposable trays, 77% possessed more than one
piece of each hand instrument. It was found that 100% used disposable
dental needles and 96% used disposable anaesthetic corpules , 47% used
closed containers for sharps disposal , more than 67% disposed clinic
waste with the household. Results revealed that 66% flushed their
dental unit waterlines , 68% disinfected operatory surfaces , 32%
managed all patients as if they were viruses carriers and only 19% give
patients antimicrobial mouth wash before intra-oral procedures.There
was no considerable practice differences between government and
private clinics in the use of most of the vital infection control measures
.It was noticed that in the comparison with the international infection
control measures reported in the literature , the Sudanese practice
appeared less in some areas and comparable in others . The study gave
support to the concept of continuous education on infection contro
STABILITY AND TOXICITY STUDIES FOR THE HERBAL DRUGS CAT'S CLAW AND DEVIL'S CLAW
No full textThe main objective of this study is to conduct a full analytical profile for Cat's claw
and Devil's claw, two herbal medications containing Isomitraphylline and
Harpagoside respectively. The study included the long term stability of the capsules
and standards, development and validation of stability indicating HPLC methods for
analysis of both drugs and studying of their kinetics.
The study also included determination of elements present, studying the
microbiological stability for both drugs and running toxicity studies in mic
Analysis of some Pharmaceuticals utilizing Sequential Injection and Differential Electrolytic Potentiometry
No full textThe objectives of this study is to perform comprehensive procedures for
the oxidation of chlorpheniramine maleate and verapamil hydrochloride by
permanganate in sulphuric acid media utilizing sequential injection analysis
(SIA) and promethazine hydrochloride by cerium IV in acid medium using
differential electrolytic potentiometry (DEP). To construct SIA and DEP
manifolds suitable for these methods ofassay. To establish appropriate
programs to control the newly adopted methods. To search for the optimum
conditions for these assay methods, to conduct a chemometric optimization for
the SIA methods, to evaluate the accuracy, precision, repeatability, robustness
and cost of the newly adopted method, and finally to validate the newly
adopted methods by comparison with the BP standard methods.
In this thesis two systems were studied, the first was sequential injection
analysis (SIA) technique for the assay of chlorpheniramine maleate and
verapamil hydrochloride in pharmaceuticals formulations, and the second was
DEP (differential electrolytic potentiometry) for the assay of promethazine
hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations
Application of Derivative Spectrophotometry for Analysis of Pharmaceutical Preparations
No full textSimple, rapid, non hazardous, accurate, non expensive and precise derivative
spectrophotometric method was developed and optimized for analysis of
mebendazole, tinidazole, albendazole metronidazole, metronidazole benzoate
and combination of hydrochlorothiazideand amiloride hydrochloride in
pharmaceutical formulations as their official method either HPLC which is
expensive or non aqueous titration which is hazardous and not accurate.
The work included the study of the expected interference of pharmaceutical
excipients, used in these formulations bychoice of different brand formulations
Antimicrobial Activity of some Sudanese Plants against Mycetoma Causing Agents with emphasis on Prosopis chilensisplant
No full textMycetoma is a chronic granulomatous disease of subcutaneous and deep tissue.
Progressive destruction of tissue leads to loss of function of the affected site. The
pathogens are found in the soil as saprophytes, inoculated through the skin by minor
cuts or scratches by thorn orsplinter wounds. Mycetoma infection is caused by true
fungi (eumycetoma) or by higher bacteria of the class actinomycetes
(actinomycetoma). The incidence of mycetoma in Sudan has not changed; around
400 new cases are seen in hospitals and outpatient clinics every year. Treatment of
Eumycetoma infection is difficult and the rateof recurrence after surgery is high in
spite of medical treatment in combination with surgery. The quest for effective
medical treatment was therefore actively persued
Post marketing stability studies of artesunate tablets
No full text1. To conduct a post-marketing surveillance of different artesunate
formulations usedin Sudan.
2. To assess the effect of transport and storage conditions, at different
regions of Sudan, on the stability of artesunate tablets.
3. To adopt an HPLC dissolution testmethod suitable for evaluating the
artesunate drug release
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