171,513 research outputs found

    Stabilising Merger Waves: An Agent-Based Networked Model of Market Stability

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    The world's markets are increasingly interconnected, imposing additional challenges for both regulators and market participants. This paper considers the effect of inter-market dependencies on the spread of endogenously generated merger waves. Though merger activity can generate efficiency gains, it disrupts market competition and can lead to negative effects for consumers. The conditions under which disruptive merger activity can spread to otherwise stable markets are identified. It is also shown which inter-market dependency configurations are more likely to lead to situations in which the stability of some markets can be disrupted by merger activity in others

    Dietary grape pomace supplementation in lambs affects the meat fatty acid composition, volatile profiles and oxidative stability

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    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing grape pomace (GP) in lambs' diets. A total of 30 lambs homogeneous for body weight (13.1 +/- 2.1 kg) and age (25-30 days) were randomly allocated into two groups. The control group (CTR) received a standard diet for 45 days, while in the same period the experimental group (GP+) was fed with a diet containing 10% GP on a dry matter (DM) basis. The meat samples from the two groups showed no significant differences in drip loss, cooking loss, meat color and total lipid amount. However, the experimental feeding strategy influenced the meat fatty acid composition, with an increase in the relative percentages of stearic, vaccenic and rumenic acids. In particular, the increase in rumenic acids is associated with several health benefits attributed to its high bioactive properties. In cooked meat samples stored for 5 days at 4 degrees C, the dietary GP supplementation induced an increase in nonanal and 1-octen-3-ol and a significant reduction of hexanal, an indicator of oxidation; this improved resistance to oxidation in the GP+ samples and was also confirmed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) test. In summary, the present study showed that the dietary GP supplementation was effective in improving the fatty acid composition and the oxidative stability of lamb meat. The use and valorization of the GP as a matrix of interest for zootechnical nutrition can, therefore, represent a suitable strategy for improving the qualitative aspects of animal production

    RAS-DEPENDENT AND RAF-DEPENDENT ACTIVATION OF C-JUN TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY BY THE HEPATITIS-B VIRUS TRANSACTIVATOR PX

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    The mechanisms by which pX, the transactivator of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), exerts its effects on transcription of viral and cellular genes have not yet been fully clarified. While previous reports suggested the possibility of a direct interaction of pX, which lacks intrinsic DNA-binding activity, with components of the cellular transcription machinery, more recent investigations support the hypothesis that pX might activate cellular kinases involved in transcriptional regulation and growth control. We analysed the mechanisms of c-Jun transcription factor activation by pX and in particular the role of cellular proteins involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals (namely Ha-Ras and Raf-1). In both HeLa and undifferentiated F9 cells pX was able to increase the activity of exogenous transfected c-Jun but not of c-Jun proteins bearing mutations in the serine residues located in the amino-terminal transcriptional activation domain. We show by use of Ha-Ras and Raf-1 dominant negative mutants that both Ha-Ras and Raf-1 are required for pX-induced activation of c-Jun transcriptional activity. In addition we show that pX is able to cooperate with Raf-1 in c-Jun activation. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that at least one site of action of pX is peripheral and is located upstream of the Ras genes products

    Simplified Creep Analysis of Composite Beams With Flexible Connectors

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    The paper presents some approximate solutions for the time-dependent analysis of composite steel-concrete beams with flexible shear connectors. These permit evaluating the migration of the stresses from the concrete slab to the steel beam and the increment of the deflections, which occur gradually with time as a result of creep and shrinkage of the concrete part. The mathematical formulation of this problem, which involves a coupled system of three equations, with two being integral-differential-type equations, is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations by applying the algebraic methods (age-adjusted-effective-modulus, effective-modulus, and mean-stress methods). The simplifications introduced by these methods permit obtaining solutions in closed form, which can be useful for practical applications. The accuracy of the numerical results is successively estimated by comparing these values with those of the exact numerical solution, obtained by employing the numerical algorithm proposed elsewhere using the numerical step-by-step procedures of the general method

    Short communication: Compositional characteristics and aromatic profile of caciotta cheese obtained from Friesian cows fed with a dietary supplementation of dried grape pomace

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    The aim of the present work was to explore the chemical-sensorial characteristics and aromatic profile of caciotta cheese obtained from Friesian cows fed a diet enriched with grape pomace obtained from red grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Dietary enrichment with grape pomace influenced the production of caciotta cheeses in interesting ways from a compositional point of view, as cheese samples were rich in polyphenols, giving a high antioxidant potential. From a biochemical standpoint, we noted a slight decrease of proteolysis during ripening, whereas, according to the analysis of volatile compounds, lipolysis was the most relevant phenomenon in samples. The presence of bioactive compounds also modified the fatty acid profile of milk and cheese, leading to an increase in concentration of linoleic, vaccenic, and rumenic acids. No significant variations were found in the sensory profile. These results showed the potential of dietary grape pomace intake to influence the chemical-nutritional and nutraceutical properties of cow milk and cheeses, whose introduction to the market could be attractive to consumers, providing interesting implications for the dairy industry. Finally, our results identified of a valid use of an agro-industrial by-product, grape pomace, whose disposal generally presents economic and environmental problems
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