1,721,518 research outputs found
Learning correlated equilibria in normal form games
No full textWe analyze a population game as being constituted by a set of players, a normal form game and an interaction pattern. The latter specifies the way players are repeatedly matched in the population to play one shot of the normal form game.We first relate the set of equilibria of the populations game to the set of correlated equilibria of the underlying game, and then focus on learning processes that we model as Markovian adaptive dynamics. For the class of doubly symmetric games, we formulate general conditions under which convergence is obtained under myopic best-reply dynamics. We also analyze noisy best-reply dynamics, where players' behaviour is perturbed by payoff dependent mistakes, and explicitly characterize the ergodic distribution of the population game in terms of the correlated equilibrium payoffs of the underlying game. We conclude with ome good example
Reinforcement learning and the power law of practice: some analytical results
No full textErev and Roth (1998) among others provide a comprehensive analysis of experimental evidence on learning in games, based on a stochastic model of learning that accounts for two main elements: the Law of Effect (positive reinforcement of actions that perform well) and the Power Law of Practice (learning curves tend to be steeper initially). This note complements this literature by providing an analytical study of the properties of such learning models. Specifically, the paper shows that:(a) up to an error term, the stochastic process is driven by a system of discrete time difference equations of the replicator type. This carries an analogy with Börgers and Sarin (1997), where reinforcement learning accounts only for the Law of Effect.(b) if the trajectories of the system of replicator equations converge sufficiently fast, then the probability that all realizations of the learning process over a possibly infinite spell of time lie within a given small distance of the solution path of the replicator dynamics becomes, from some time on, arbitrarily close to one. Fast convergence, in the form of exponential convergence, is shown to hold for any strict Nash equilibrium of the underlying game
Path-dependence and learning from neighbors
No full textWe study the long-run properties of a class of locally interactive learning systems. A finite set of players at fixed locations play a two-by-two symmetric normal form game with strategic complementarities, with one of their “neighbors” selected at random. Because of the endogenous nature of experimentation, or “noise,” the systems we study exhibit a high degree of path dependence. Different actions of a pure coordination game may survive in the long-run at different locations of the system. A reinterpretation of our results shows that the local nature of search may be a robust reason for price dispersion in a search model
Path dependence and learning from neighbors
No full textWe study the long-run properties of a class of locally interactive learning systems. A finite set of players at fixed locations play a two-by-two symmetric normal form game with strategic complementarities, with one of their "neighbors" selected at random. Because of the endogenous nature of experimentation, or "noise," the systems we study exhibit a high degree of path dependence. Different actions of a pure coordination game may survive in the long-run at different locations of the system. A reinterpretation of our results shows that the local nature of search may be a robust reason for price dispersion in a search model, Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, D83. © 1996 Academic Press, Inc
Oxaprozin: A new hope in the modulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity
No full textOxaprozin (4,5-diphenyl-2-oxazolepropionic acid) is a non-steroidal, analgesic and antipyretic propionic acid derivative, whose activity in treating inflammatory disorders is well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of oxaprozin to modulate the activity of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), a zinc-dependent endopeptidase involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological events associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. The interaction between oxaprozin and MMP-9 was firstly investigated in silico by molecular docking and analysis with LIGPLOT software. Subsequently, the potential inhibitory activity of oxaprozin against MMP-9 and the possible mechanism of the ligand–enzyme interaction were investigated in vitro. Taking into account the in silico findings, MMP-9 can be considered a potential target of oxaprozin, which seems to be able to chelate the catalytic zinc ion through the nitrogen of the oxazole ring and the carboxylate moiety. Moreover, one of the phenyl rings interact with the S1′ inhibitor-binding pocket through hydrophobic interaction. Gelatin zymography and enzymatic inhibition assay confirmed the potential role of oxaprozin as a competitive inhibitor of MMP-9. These observations sound particularly interesting if we consider the pathological role of MMP-9, especially evident in inflammatory conditions and cancer. This work may represent a starting point to improve the understanding of the role of oxaprozin, as well as its structural analogues, in modulating the MMP-9 function
IV Italian Great Network Congress Abstracts of Speakers Presentations
No full textThese abstracts have been reviewed and approved by the GREAT Network Scientific Committee. The abstracts have been reproduced directly from the material supplied by the authors, without editorial alteration by the staff of this Journal. Insufficiencies of preparation, grammar, spelling, style, syntax and usage are the authors’ responsibility
Shunt COX-LOX and MMPs iperproduction in NIH3T3 fibroblast treated with non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs"
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