4,443 research outputs found
Navinaxonopsis Cook 1967
No full textSubgenus Navinaxonopsis Cook, 1967 Axonopsis (Navinaxonopsis): Cook, 1974 a, p. 334, figs. 1393, 1397, 1398, 1400, 1406. Diagnosis of adults. Character states of genus Brachypodopsis. Fourth leg of males with tibia slender proximally but greatly expanded distally, and with tarsus curved. Type species. Axonopsis (Navinaxonopsis) abnormipes Cook. Species included. Brachypodopsis (N.) abnormipes (Cook) (India), B. (N.) persica (Pešić) (Iran, Turkey). Distribution. India and western Asia. Discussion. Cook (1974 a) considered Navinaxonopsis to be a subgenus of Axonopsis and Pešić (2004) followed that treatment. Here we propose to transfer the taxon as a subgenus to the genus Brachypodopsis. As in the case of Kalobrachypoda, the species of Navinaxonopsis appear to represent a divergent offshoot of the species complex typified by Brachypodopsis baumi Halik and the status of this taxon will also need to be reevaluated when the phylogeny of the genus Brachypodopsis is more completely known.Published as part of Smith, Ian M., Cook, David R. & Gerecke, Reinhard, 2015, Revision of the status of some genus-level water mite taxa in the families Pionidae Thor, 1900, Aturidae Thor, 1900, and Nudomideopsidae Smith, 1990 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae), pp. 111-156 in Zootaxa 3919 (1) on page 140, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3919.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/24458
Stokaxonopsis Cook 1967
No full textGenus Stokaxonopsis Cook, 1967 Stokaxonopsis: Cook, 1974 a, p. 337, figs. 1427–1430. Diagnosis. Larva: Unknown. Adults (modified from Cook 1974 a). Character states of Axonopsis -like mites. Dorsal and ventral shields separated anteriorly; lacking caudal development posteriorly. Dorsal furrow lacking glandularia. Dorsal shield bearing four pairs of glandularia none of which flank excretory pore. Ventral shield lacking ridges originating at lateral end of suture line between third and fourth coxal plates extending anterolaterally to lateral edge of shield; anterior coxal plates relatively wide and lacking hook-like projections; fourth coxal plate lacking glandularia in region between genital field and opening for insertion of fourth leg. Genital field bearing three pairs of acetabula. Suture lines between genital field and ventral shield obliterated. Gnathosoma with mouth opening subterminal in position; gnathosomal apodemes moderately long. Pedipalp tibia relatively long and slender, bearing a long, thick seta on a prominent projection and two sessile slender seta laterally; tarsus shorter than tibia. Fourth leg with proximal segments, especially trochanter, relatively large and stout, but not flattened and with telofemur not reduced in size. Type species. Axonopsis (Stokaxonopsis) besselingi Cook. Species included. Stokaxonopsis besselingi (Cook) (India), S. subterranea (Uchida & Imamura) (Japan). Distribution. India and Japan. Discussion. Cook (1974 a) considered Stokaxonopsis to be a distinct genus and we follow that treatment here.Published as part of Smith, Ian M., Cook, David R. & Gerecke, Reinhard, 2015, Revision of the status of some genus-level water mite taxa in the families Pionidae Thor, 1900, Aturidae Thor, 1900, and Nudomideopsidae Smith, 1990 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae), pp. 111-156 in Zootaxa 3919 (1) on page 144, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3919.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/24458
Bharatalbia Cook 1967
No full textGenus Bharatalbia Cook, 1967 Bharatalbia: Cook, 1974 a, pp. 363–364, figs. 1605–1612. Bharatalbia: Smith, 1991, pp. 487–496, figs. 31–41. Bharatalbia: Smith & Cook, 1991, p. 577. Bharatalbia: Smith et al., 2001, p. 613, figs. 378, 379. Bharatalbia: Smith et al., 2010, p. 554, figs. 15.379, 15.380. Diagnosis. Larva: Unknown. Adults (modified from Smith 1991): Idiosoma elliptical in shape. Dorsal and ventral shields separate from one another, with ventral shield extending well onto dorsal surface of idiosoma anteriorly and completely surrounding dorsal shield. Dorsal shield with surface reticulate or with an embossed appearance; ventral shield with surface coarsely reticulate and with rough, scaly edges. Dorsal shield bearing one pair of glandularia and lacking or bearing one pair of well-defined longitudinal ridges. Dorsal furrow bearing no glandularia, one pair of glandularia and one pair of setae on pair of anterolateral platelets, or two pairs of glandularia on two pairs of platelets, one anterolateral and other posterolateral. Fourth coxal plate bearing coxoglandularium II, and bearing large projection associated with opening for insertion of fourth leg. Ventral shield bearing one pair of glandularia in region posterior to fourth coxal plates. Genital field subterminal and bearing sixteen to twenty pairs of acetabula; excretory pore borne dorsally on ventral shield; acetabular plates fused with ventral shield in females. First leg of males with distal segments unmodified or slightly modified; third leg of males with tibia bearing or lacking a ventral projection; fourth leg of males with distal segments unmodified or slightly modified. Pedipalp with all segments, but especially femur and tibia, extremely slender and long; tibia lacking ventral projection and bearing two sessile, slender setae distoventrally. Type species. Bharatalbia sucirapalpis Cook. Species included. Bharatalbia (s. s.) sucirapalpis Cook (India), B. (Bharatalbiella) talinapalpis Cook (India), B. (Japonalbia) ibarakiensis Imamura (Japan), B. (J.) cooki Smith (western North America), B. (J.) ohitaensis Imamura (Japan), B. (J.) longipalpis Imamura (Japan), B. (J.) tsugaruensis Imamura (Japan), B. (J.) rotunda Imamura (Japan), B. (J.) surensis Smith (western North America). Distribution. Holarctic (India, Japan, western North America). Discussion. Cook (1974 a) and Smith (1991) considered Bharatalbia to be a distinct genus. Smith & Cook (1991) and Smith et al. (2001, 2010) followed this treatment, as we do here. See Smith (1991) for a discussion of the subgeneric classification of this genus.Published as part of Smith, Ian M., Cook, David R. & Gerecke, Reinhard, 2015, Revision of the status of some genus-level water mite taxa in the families Pionidae Thor, 1900, Aturidae Thor, 1900, and Nudomideopsidae Smith, 1990 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae), pp. 111-156 in Zootaxa 3919 (1) on page 132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3919.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/24458
Phreatobrachypoda Cook 1963
No full textGenus Phreatobrachypoda Cook, 1963 Phreatobrachypoda (in part): Cook, 1974 a, pp. 365–366. Japonaxonopsis Imamura, 1984, pp. 55–57, fig. 1. Phreatobrachypoda (Phreatobrachypoda): Smith, 1991, pp. 466–478, figs. 1–18. Phreatobrachypoda (in part): Smith & Cook, 1991, p. 613, figs. 371–373. Phreatobrachypoda (in part): Smith et al., 2001, p. 577. Phreatobrachypoda (in part): Smith et al., 2010, p. 554, figs. 15.372–15.374. Phreatobrachypoda (Phreatobrachypoda): Smith & Cook, 2010, pp. 292–298, figs. 1–14. Diagnosis. Larva: Unknown. Adults (modified from Smith 1991): Idiosoma elongate elliptical or broadly elliptical in shape. Idiosomal sclerites with surfaces smooth or finely reticulate. Dorsal and ventral shields separate from one another. Dorsal shield bearing three pairs of glandularia and one pair of well-defined longitudinal ridges that may be reticulate, with posterior region of shield truncated and slightly to greatly indented in males, and slightly constricted, depressed and bearing excretory pore, one pair of setae and one pair of lyrifissures in females. Dorsal furrow bearing two pairs of glandularia, two pairs of setae and three pairs of lyrifissures arranged on four to eight pairs of platelets in males, and two pairs of glandularia, one pair of setae, and two pairs of lyrifissures arranged on two or three pairs of platelets in females. Fourth coxal plate bearing coxoglandularium II, and lacking projection associated with opening for insertion of fourth leg. Ventral shield bearing one pair of glandularia posteriorly. Genital field bearing ten to fifteen pairs of acetabula; genital field and excretory pore incorporated into posterodorsal urogenital plate that also bears a pair of setae, in males; excretory pore separated from genital field and located on dorsal shield in females; acetabular plates separate from ventral shield in females. Fourth leg of males strongly bowed, with segments stocky and with distal segments variously modified and bearing rows of thick setae. Pedipalp tibia with a prominent ventral projection bearing two slender setae, and bearing a short seta distomedially that may be peg-like or spine-like. Type species. Phreatobrachypoda multipora Cook. Species included. Phreatobrachypoda multipora Cook (western North America), P. appalachiana Smith & Cook (eastern North America), P. gledhilli Smith (western North America), P. nozakiensis (Imamura) (Japan), P. oregonensis Smith (western North America), P. virginiensis Smith & Cook (eastern North America). Distribution. Holarctic (North America, Japan). Discussion. Cook (1974 a) and Smith (1991) considered Phreatobrachypoda to be a distinct genus. Smith & Cook (1991) and Smith et al. (2001, 2010) followed that treatment, as we do here but with a more restricted concept that excludes members of Ameribrachypoda, now considered to be a distinct genus.Published as part of Smith, Ian M., Cook, David R. & Gerecke, Reinhard, 2015, Revision of the status of some genus-level water mite taxa in the families Pionidae Thor, 1900, Aturidae Thor, 1900, and Nudomideopsidae Smith, 1990 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae), pp. 111-156 in Zootaxa 3919 (1) on page 134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3919.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/24458
FIGURES 23–29 in North American species of Diamphidaxona (Acari: Hydrachnida: Hygrobatidae)
No full textFIGURES 23–29. Diamphidaxona (s. s.) dolichosoma Cook, adults. 23, dorsal shield, female; 24, leg I, female; 25, ventral shield and genital field, male; 26, distal segments of leg IV, male; 27, pedipalp, female; 28, ventral shield and genital field, female; 29, gnathosoma, lateral view, female.Published as part of Smith, Ian M. & Cook, David R., 2006, North American species of Diamphidaxona (Acari: Hydrachnida: Hygrobatidae), pp. 1-44 in Zootaxa 1279 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17337
FIGURES 23–29 in North American species of Diamphidaxona (Acari: Hydrachnida: Hygrobatidae)
No full textFIGURES 23–29. Diamphidaxona (s. s.) dolichosoma Cook, adults. 23, dorsal shield, female; 24, leg I, female; 25, ventral shield and genital field, male; 26, distal segments of leg IV, male; 27, pedipalp, female; 28, ventral shield and genital field, female; 29, gnathosoma, lateral view, female.Published as part of Smith, Ian M. & Cook, David R., 2006, North American species of Diamphidaxona (Acari: Hydrachnida: Hygrobatidae), pp. 1-44 in Zootaxa 1279 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17337
Diamphidaxona Cook 1963
No full textGenus Diamphidaxona Cook, 1963 Diamphidaxona Cook, 1963. American Midland Naturalist, 70, 111. Diamphidaxona Cook, 1974. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 21, 347–348. Diamphidaxona Cook, 1980. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 31, 181–182. Type species. Diamphidaxona pallida Cook. Original designation. Diagnosis. Hygrobatid water mites (see Cook 1974, 1980) with following combination of character states: Gnathosoma with rostrum short and inconspicuous or long and extending well beyond insertions of pedipalps, with capitular apodemes (anchoral process) very long. Dorsal edge of camerostome smoothly arched, acutely rounded or sharply pointed anteriorly. Pedipalps with segments variable in shape from short and stocky to long and slender; tibia with small ventral setiferous tubercle near midlength; tarsus with large, spinelike seta inserted ventromedially that may be smooth or bear conspicuous denticles on ventral surface (Figs. 98–100). Idiosoma lacking eyes and bearing well developed dorsal and ventral shields (Figs. 95, 101, 102. Dorsal shield divided into relatively small anterior plate and larger posterior plate (Fig. 95); anterior plate (Fig. 96) much wider than long, rounded or acutely pointed anteriorly, bearing preocular setae anteriorly, postocular setae medially near midlength and two pairs of setae laterally representing reduced glandularia with gland portion absent (Figs. 42, 96, 97); posterior plate much longer than wide, bearing one pair of glandularia laterally near midlength, two pairs of dissimilar glandularia grouped together posterolaterally (Fig. 106) and three pairs of setae representing reduced glandularia with the gland portion absent (Fig. 42). Ventral shield (Figs. 101, 102) with anterior three pairs of coxal plates grouped together anteriorly and separated by suture lines that are distinct laterally but obliterated by fusion medially; coxoglandularia I located anterior to medial end of partial suture line between second and third coxal plates; suture lines between third and fourth coxal plates conspicuously undulating, with medial loop arched and open posteriorly to accommodate glandularia of fourth coxal plates and lateral loop Ushaped and open anteriorly or dropshaped with anterior opening constricted (Figs. 103, 104); fourth coxal plates with edges obliterated by fusion, with insertions of fourth pair of legs covered by conspicuous projections with anterior extensions which are short and directed laterally to edges of ventral shield, moderately long, sinuous and directed anterolaterally or long and directed anteriorly parallel to edges of ventral shield. Coxoglandularia II located near posterior end of ventral shield. Ventral shield (Figs. 101, 102) with three pairs of medial setae in regions of first, third and fourth coxal plates, respectively, and small groups of setae near anterior edges of first coxal plates and posterior to insertions of fourth pair of legs (Fig. 43). Genital field bearing three pairs of acetabula on acetabular plates flanking gonopore. Genital field of males with acetabular plates fused with one another to surround gonopore (Fig. 105) and either fused with or separate from ventral shield. Genital field of females with acetabular plates flanking gonopore and separate from ventral shield. Legs not exhibiting sexual dimorphism and lacking swimming setae. Habitat. Interstitial gravels in streams. Distribution. North, Central and South America. Remarks. Cook (1963, 1974) originally provisionally placed Diamphidaxona in the family Aturidae because adults possess well developed dorsal and ventral shields, but later transferred the genus to Hygrobatidae (Cook 1980). Diamphidaxona belongs to a small and highly distinctive clade of hygrobatid genera, along with Hopkinsobates Cook, 1983 from New Zealand and Camposea Schwoerbel, 1986 from Chile, in which adults have the dorsal shield divided into anterior and posterior plates and the suture lines between the third and fourth coxal plates conspicuously looped to accommodate the glandularia of the fourth coxal plates. Adults of Diamphidaxona can be distinguished from those of other North American genera using the key by Smith et al. (2001). Larvae of Diamphidaxona are unknown. Absence of the gland portion of several dorsal glandularia exhibited by adult Diamphidaxona illustrates a tendency for these organs to be reduced in many unrelated taxa adapted for living in interstitial hyporheic habitats. The setae associated with these glandularia continue to be expressed in Diamphidaxona species, but are very slender and transparent and are usually only visible either under high magnification using differential interference contrast with light microscopy or with scanning electron microscopy (as in Fig. 97).Published as part of Smith, Ian M. & Cook, David R., 2006, North American species of Diamphidaxona (Acari: Hydrachnida: Hygrobatidae), pp. 1-44 in Zootaxa 1279 on pages 3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17337
FIGURES 101–106 in North American species of Diamphidaxona (Acari: Hydrachnida: Hygrobatidae)
No full textFIGURES 101–106. Diamphidaxona (s. s.) pallida Cook, scanning electron micrographs of adults. 101, ventral habitus, male; 102, ventral habitus, female; 103, glandularium of coxal plate IV and looped suture line between coxal plates III and IV, male; 104, detail of glandularium of coxal plate IV, male; 105, genital field, male; 106, dissimilar pairs of glandularia posterolaterally on posterior dorsal plate, male.Published as part of Smith, Ian M. & Cook, David R., 2006, North American species of Diamphidaxona (Acari: Hydrachnida: Hygrobatidae), pp. 1-44 in Zootaxa 1279 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17337
Hygrobatidae Koch 1842
No full textFamily Hygrobatidae Koch, 1842 Type genus. Hygrobates Koch, 1837. Diagnosis. See Cook 1974. Cook (1980) modified the concept of the family Hygrobatidae to include the genus Diamphidaxona. Habitat. All types of aquatic habitats. Distribution. All zoogeographic regions. Remarks. The concept of the family Hygrobatidae has undergone considerable revision recently to accommodate numerous new genera as knowledge of the fauna of the Southern Hemisphere has increased (Cook 1980, 1986, 1988). Adults and known larvae of North American genera can be identified using the keys by Smith et al. (2001).Published as part of Smith, Ian M. & Cook, David R., 2006, North American species of Diamphidaxona (Acari: Hydrachnida: Hygrobatidae), pp. 1-44 in Zootaxa 1279 on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17337
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