196,137 research outputs found
Eudor-a: a Naturalistic, European Multi-centre Clinical Study of Edor Test in Adult Patients with Primary Depression
No full textSarchiapone, M; Iosue, M; Amore, M; Baca-Garcia, E; Batra, A; Bauer, S; Cosman, D; Courtet, P; Di Sciascio, G; Girardi, P; Gusmao, R; Kaschka, W; Parnowski, T; Rihmer, Z; Saiz, P; Thome, J; Tingstrom, A; Wojnar, M; Zeppegno, P; Thorell, LH; Holmberg, C
EUDOR-A multi-centre research program: A naturalistic, European Multi-centre Clinical study of EDOR Test in adult patients with primary depression
No full textThe EUDOR-A study was promoted and funded by EMOTRA AB, SwedenSarchiapone, M., Iosue, M., Carli, V., Amore, M., Baca-Garcia, E., Batra, A., Cosman, D., Courtet, P., Di Sciascio, G., Gusmao, R., Parnowski, T., Pestality, P., Saiz, P., Thome, J., Tingström, A., Wojnar, M., Zeppegno, P., Thorell, L.-H
Controlling Access to Suicide Means
No full textBACKGROUND:
Restricting access to common means of suicide, such as firearms, toxic gas, pesticides and other, has been shown to be effective in reducing rates of death in suicide. In the present review we aimed to summarize the empirical and clinical literature on controlling the access to means of suicide.
METHODS:
This review made use of both MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science and the Cochrane library databases, identifying all English articles with the keywords "suicide means", "suicide method", "suicide prediction" or "suicide prevention" and other relevant keywords.
RESULTS:
A number of factors may influence an individual's decision regarding method in a suicide act, but there is substantial support that easy access influences the choice of method. In many countries, restrictions of access to common means of suicide has lead to lower overall suicide rates, particularly regarding suicide by firearms in USA, detoxification of domestic and motor vehicle gas in England and other countries, toxic pesticides in rural areas, barriers at jumping sites and hanging, by introducing "safe rooms" in prisons and hospitals. Moreover, decline in prescription of barbiturates and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), as well as limitation of drugs pack size for paracetamol and salicylate has reduced suicides by overdose, while increased prescription of SSRIs seems to have lowered suicidal rates.
CONCLUSIONS:
Restriction to means of suicide may be particularly effective in contexts where the method is popular, highly lethal, widely available, and/or not easily substituted by other similar methods. However, since there is some risk of means substitution, restriction of access should be implemented in conjunction with other suicide prevention strategies
Erratum: (Delta)9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-induced conditioned place preference and intracerebroventricular self-administration in rats (European Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 506 (63-69) DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.10.044)
No full textOn the basis of contradictory findings on the rewarding effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D9-THC) in laboratory animals, the effect of the compound on conditioned place preference and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) self-administration in a free-choice procedure, using a wide range of doses (0.015–6 mg/kg for conditioned place preference test and 0.01–1 mcg/2 mcl/infusion for i.c.v. self-administration), was studied in
Wistar rats. The present results showed that delta9-THC induced reward in both tests, but only at the lowest tested doses (0.075–0.75 mg/kg i.p.for conditioned place preference test and 0.01–0.02 mcg/infusion for i.c.v. self-administration). This effect was fully antagonised by i.p. pretreatment with the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, SR 141716A [N-piperidino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4 methylpyrazole 3-carboxamide] (0.25–1 mg/kg), and the opiate receptor antagonist, naloxone (0.5–2 mg/kg), suggesting the involvement of both
endocannabinoid and opioid systems. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate, for the first time, that low doses of delta9-THC can act as an effective reinforcer in Wistar rats providing a reliable animal model of human marijuana abuse
3,4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) is mediated by endocannabinoid system
No full textThe appetitive potential of i.c.v. injections of 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), using a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure, was investigated. In a range of doses (0.1-10 ng/rat), devoid of motor stimulation, a dose-dependent CPP was obtained. The effect of the most effective dose (10 ng/rat) was prevented by pre-treatment with the CB1 cannabinoid (SR 141716A) [N-piperidino-5-(4-chlorophenyl) 1-(2, 4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-methyl pyrazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride] (0.5 mg kg(-1)), the opioid (naloxone) (2 mg kg(-1)), and the serotonin 5-HT3, tropisetron [endo-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] oct-3-olindol-3-yl-carboxylate hydrochloride] (1 mg kg(-1)), receptor antagonists, which did not induce place conditioning on their own. SR 141716A was more efficient than naloxone and tropisetron in blocking the incentive learning supported by MDMA. These results demonstrate for the first time that i.c.v. MDMA, at very low doses, induces CPP and that endocannabinoid system may participate in this effect
User experience of Kinect based applications for smart city scenarios integrating tourism and learning
No full textLymphoid EVA1 expression is required for DN1-DN3 thymocytes transition.
No full textBACKGROUND:Thymus organogenesis and T lymphocyte development are accomplished together during fetal life. Proper development and maintenance of thymus architecture depend on signals generated by a sustained crosstalk between developing thymocytes and stromal elements. Any maturation impairment occurring in either cellular component leads to an aberrant thymic development. Gene expression occurring during T lymphocyte differentiation must be coordinated in a spatio-temporal fashion; one way in which this is achieved is through the regulation by cell-cell adhesion and interactions. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We examined the role played by Epithelial V-like Antigen 1 (EVA1), an Ig adhesion molecule expressed on thymus epithelial cells (TEC) and immature thymocytes, in T cell development by employing RNA interference in vitro and in vivo models. Fetal liver derived haematopoietic progenitors depleted of Eva1, displayed a delayed DN1-DN3 transition and failed to generate CD4CD8 double positive T cells in OP9-DL1 coculture system. In addition, we could observe a coordinated Eva1 up-regulation in stromal and haematopoietic cells in coculture control experiments, suggesting a possible EVA1 involvement in TEC-haematopoietic cells crosstalk mechanisms. Similarly, Rag2-gamma c double knock out mice, transplanted with Eva1 depleted haematopoietic progenitors displayed a 10-fold reduction in thymus reconstitution and a time delayed thymocytes maturation compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings show that modulation of Eva1 expression in thymocytes is crucial for lymphocyte physiological developmental progression and stromal differentiation
Cognitive function in young and adult IL (Interleukin)-6 deficient mice
No full textInterleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine shown to affect brain function and to be involved in pathological neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study we investigated the cognitive function in transgenic mice not expressing IL-6 (IL-6 KO) and in wild type (WT) genotype at 4 and 12 months of age, using a passive avoidance and an eight-arm radial maze tasks. Motor function was quantified using an Animex apparatus. Hippocampal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was evaluated in both genotypes. No difference was observed in both genotypes for spontaneous motor activity. The mean latency (s) to re-enter the shock box, was similar in both young mutant and WT mice. However, a decreased sensitivity (50%) to scopolamine (1 mg/kg) in mutant compared to WT mice, was obtained. IL-6 KO mice exhibited a facilitation of radial maze learning over 30 days, in terms of a lower number of working memory errors and a higher percentage of animals reaching the criterion as compared with WT genotype tested at both ages. Furthermore, mutant mice, at the age of 12 months, showed a faster acquisition (22 days versus 30 days to reach the criterion). The pattern of arm entry exhibited by IL-6 KO mice showed a robust tendency to enter an adjacent arm at both ages, while WT only at the age of 4 months. ChAT activity was inversely correlated with memory performance. These findings suggest a possible involvement of IL-6 on memory processes, even if the mechanism remains still unclear
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