1,720,975 research outputs found
Enhanced embryonic stem cell differentiation to cardiac pacemaker cells by transduction with a single transcription factor
No full textGelatin-based Scaffolds and Cardiac Autologous Stem Cell as a Combined Approach for Cardiac Regenerative Theraphy
No full textGelatin-based scaffolds and cardiac autologous stem cells as a combined approach for cardiac regenerative therapy
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Exosomes isolation protocols. Facts and artifacts for cardiac regeneration
No full textIn recent years, exosomes have attracted increasing scientific interest and are no longer considered just as containers for cell waste, but as important mediators of intercellular communication. Among many biomedical research topics, a possible direct role of exosomes in the regenerative medicine field has been underlined in recent studies, including those regarding the so called "paracrine hypothesis". In this perspective, a therapeutic role and/or use of exosomes for tissue regeneration seems to be plausible. However, the majority of the cells isolated and cultured in vitro are exposed to an exogenous exosomes source because of the wide use of foetal bovine serum as cell culture supplement. Bovine serum has been gradually considered as a major biological stimulus, but with still unknown outcome. In this review, we present the state of the art about the role of exosomes in regenerative medicine, particularly for the cardiovascular system. We also analyse the most commonly used exosome isolation techniques that, since their discovery, have undergone continuous development to reach the highest degree of scalability for future clinical translation
Intramyocardial injection of platelet gel promotes endogenous repair and augments cardiac function in rats with myocardial infarction
No full textFoetal bovine serum-derived exosomes affect yield and phenotype of human cardiac progenitor cell culture
Full text linkIntroduction: Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) represent a powerful tool in cardiac regenerative medicine. Pre-clinical studies suggest that most of the beneficial effects promoted by the injected cells are due to their paracrine activity exerted on endogenous cells and tissue. Exosomes are candidate mediators of this paracrine effects. According to their potential, many researchers have focused on characterizing exosomes derived from specific cell types, but, up until now, only few studies have analyzed the possible in vitro effects of bovine serum-derived exosomes on cell proliferation or differentiation.
Methods: The aim of this study was to analyse, from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, the in vitro effects of bovine serum exosomes on human CPCs cultured either as cardiospheres or as monolayers of cardiosphere-forming cells.
Results: Effects on proliferation, yield and molecular patterning were detected. We show, for the first time, that exogenous bovine exosomes support the proliferation and migration of human cardiosphere-forming cells, and that their depletion affects cardiospheres formation, in terms of size, yield and extra-cellular matrix production.
Conclusion: These results stress the importance of considering differential biological effects of exogenous cell culture supplements on the final phenotype of primary human cell cultures
Engineered electrical conduction tract restores conduction in complete heart block: from in vitro to in vivo proof-of-concept
Full text linkAbstractBackgroundCardiac electrical conduction delays and blocks cause rhythm disturbances such as complete heart block, which can be fatal. Standard of care relies on electronic devices to artificially restore synchrony. We sought to create a new modality for treating these disorders by engineering electrical conduction tracts designed to propagate electrical impulses.ObjectivesThis study sought to create a new approach for treating cardiac conduction disorders by using engineered electrical conduction tracts (EECTs).MethodsParamagnetic beads were conjugated with an antibody to gamma-sarcoglycan, a cardiomyocyte cell surface antigen, and mixed with freshly isolated neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. A magnetic field was used to pattern a linear EECT.ResultsIn an in vitro model of conduction block, the EECT was patterned so that it connected 2 independently beating neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocyte monolayers; it achieved coordinated electrical activity, with action potentials propagating from 1 region to the other via EECT. Spiking the EECT with heart-derived stromal cells yielded stable structures with highly reproducible conduction velocities. Transplantation of EECTs in vivo restored atrioventricular conduction in a rat model of complete heart block.ConclusionsAn EECT can re-establish electrical conduction in the heart. This novel approach could, in principle, be used not only to treat cardiac arrhythmias but also to repair other organs
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