184 research outputs found
Text Classification for Authorship Attribution Using Naive Bayes Classifier with Limited Training Data
Get PDFAuthorship attribution (AA) is the task of identifying authors of disputed or anonymous texts. It can be seen as a single, multi-class text classification task. It is concerned with writing style rather than topic matter. The scalability issue in traditional AA studies concerns the effect of data size, the amount of data per candidate author. This has not been probed in much depth yet, since most stylometry researches tend to focus on long texts per author or multiple short texts, because stylistic choices frequently occur less in such short texts. This paper investigates the task of authorship attribution on short historical Arabic texts written by10 different authors. Several experiments are conducted on these texts by extracting various lexical and character features of the writing style of each author, using N-grams word level (1,2,3, and 4) and character level (1,2,3, and 4) grams as a text representation. Then Naive Bayes (NB) classifier is employed in order to classify the texts to their authors. This is to show robustness of NB classifier in doing AA on very short-sized texts when compared to Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Using dataset (called AAAT) which consists of 3 short texts per author’s book, it is shown our method is at least as effective as Information Gain (IG) for the selection of the most significant n-grams. Moreover, the significance of punctuation marks is explored in order to distinguish between authors, showing that an increase in the performance can be achieved. As well, the NB classifier achieved high accuracy results. Since the experiments of AA task that are done on AAAT dataset show interesting results with a classification accuracy of the best score obtained up to 96% using N-gram word level 1gram. Keywords: Authorship attribution, Text classification, Naive Bayes classifier, Character n-grams features, Word n-grams features
Solvatochromic behavior of intramolecular charge-transfer spectra of inorganic diimine complexes
No full textPT: J; CR: ADAMS DM, 1973, J CHEM SOC DA, P2264 BAKER WA, 1963, INORG CHEM, V2, P1071 BARCELONA MJ, 1975, J CHEM SOC DA, P1906 BECK MT, 1971, J COORD CHEM, V1, P57 BECK MT, 1972, COORDINATION CHEM SO, P241 BEHRENDT S, 1969, J AM CHEM SOC, V91, P2236 BIALKOWSKA E, 1976, MONATSH CHEM, V107, P865 BJERRUM J, 1956, ACTA CHEM SCAND, V10, P329 BLANDAMER MJ, 1976, J CHEM SOC DA, P1293 BOCK H, 1966, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V5, P520 BOCK H, 1967, CHEM BER, V100, P228 BOSNICH B, 1965, INORG CHEM, V4, P1102 BURGESS J, UNPUBLISHED BURGESS J, 1969, J ORGANOMET CHEM, V19, P218 BURGESS J, 1970, SPECTROCHIM ACTA A, V26, P1369 BURGESS J, 1970, SPECTROCHIM ACTA A, V26, P1967 BURGESS J, 1972, J CHEM SOC DA, P1712 BURGESS J, 1974, J CHEM SOC DA, P2032 BURGESS J, 1978, J CHEM SOC DA, P1447 CAMPBELL MJM, 1976, J INORG NUCL CHEM, V38, P173 DANCE IG, 1973, CHEM COMM, P433 DAVIDSON M, 1974, INORG CHIM ACTA, V9, P231 DEMAS JN, 1969, INORG CHEM, V8, P674 DIECK HT, 1970, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V9, P793 DIECK HT, 1971, CHEM BER, V104, P110 DIMROTH K, 1963, J LIEBIGS ANN CHEM, V661, P1 DIXON KR, 1976, CAN J CHEM, V54, P2733 FRYE JS, 1975, J AM CHEM SOC, V97, P3561 GIDNEY PM, 1973, J CHEM SOC DA, P132 GILLARD RD, 1976, TRANSIT METAL CHEM, V1, P226 GOLUB AM, 1972, RUSS J INORG CHEM, V17, P1100 GRAHAM MA, 1971, J CHEM SOC A, P2939 GUTMANN V, 1977, MONATSH CHEM, V108, P429 HAMER NK, 1961, NATURE, V190, P439 HAZRA DK, 1976, Z PHYS CHEM-LEIPZIG, V257, P497 KLASSEN D, COMMUNICATION KLASSEN D, 1966, THESIS NEW MEXICO KNAUER BR, 1976, J AM CHEM SOC, V98, P4395 KOBAYASHI H, 1975, B CHEM SOC JPN, V48, P465 KRUMHOLZ P, 1975, J INORG NUCL CHEM, V37, P1820 LEVER ABP, 1965, ADV INORG CHEM RAD, V7, P27 LIM YY, 1976, J CHEM SOC FARAD T 1, V72, P2876 MADEJA K, 1963, J INORG NUCL CHEM, V25, P377 MAEDA Y, 1976, B CHEM SOC JPN, V49, P2427 MAKI N, 1969, B CHEM SOC JPN, V42, P2275 MAYER U, 1977, MONATSH CHEM, V108, P489 MCKENZIE ED, 1971, COORDIN CHEM REV, V6, P187 MURAKAMI Y, 1976, INORG NUCL CHEM LETT, V12, P809 PALADE DM, 1969, RUSS J INORG CHEM, V14, P227 REICHARDT C, 1965, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V4, P29 REICHARDT C, 1968, LOSUNGSMITTELEFFEKTE RUPP JJ, 1967, INORG CHEM, V6, P755 SAITO H, 1968, B CHEM SOC JPN, V41, P863 SCHILT AA, 1960, J AM CHEM SOC, V82, P3000 SCHILT AA, 1966, J INORG NUCL CHEM, V28, P2677 SHRIVER DF, 1966, J AM CHEM SOC, V88, P1672 SHRIVER DF, 1972, INORG CHEM, V11, P2984 STIDDARD MHB, 1962, J CHEM SOC, P4712 SWINBOURNE ES, 1971, ANAL KINETIC DATA, P7 TAMURA K, 1975, B CHEM SOC JPN, V48, P369 WALTHER D, 1973, Z ANORG ALLG CHEM, V396, P46 WALTHER D, 1976, Z CHEM, V16, P118 WICHOLAS M, 1974, INORG CHEM, V13, P316 WRIGHTON MS, 1975, J ORGANOMET CHEM, V97, P405; NR: 64; TC: 76; J9: TRANSIT METAL CHEM; PG: 7; GA: LY623Source type: Electronic(1
A study of the works of Juan De Flores, with a critical edition of La Historia de Grisel y Mirabella
No full textPhDMy thesis is intended to throw new light on the
biography of the late-fifteenth-century writer Juan de
Flores and to elucidate various aspects of his role in
the development of the Spanish sentimental romance. To
this end, I have prepared a critical edition of his
romance La hiatQri. a sie Gr i. Bel y Mirak-elle (ca. 1480) in
the three distinct versions in which it is known to have
circulated: (1) an original text (preserved in MS
5-3-20, Biblioteca Colombina, Seville, fos. 69r-86r),
(2) a revised version (preserved in MS 940, Biblioteca
Trivulziana, Milan, fos. 1r-76v), and (3) a second
revision, probably anonymous (preserved in the eight
extant printed editions, which range in date from ca.
1495 to 1562). The edition contains a full corpus of
variants for the printed witnesses, along with
linguistic, exegetical and textual notes. Accompanying
this edition is a textual study (Chapter 3) in which I
establish the relationship to one another of the
surviving witnesses and discuss in detail the work's
genesis. The remaining chapters concern the attribution
to Flores of two works hitherto regarded as anonymous.
In Chapter 1, I argue that the known as La
==na-WQn da la zel a GTaniBla is modelled on GI, 1, Bgl y
Mirabelle, and I adduce stylistic and other
circumstantial evidence to show that Flores is probably
-2-
its author. Employing a similar methodology, I
demonstrate in Chapter 2 that Flores can be identified
as a royal chronicler to the Catholic Monarchs and
author of the GjQai-Qa i. nQQIp1at de 14a Ray! aa Qat4j
-Q4a"
Drawing on information in the chronicle, I provide a
plausible reconstruction of his life at the ducal court
of Alba and illustrate the importance of his
historiographic work for our understanding of his
fictional output. This thesis provides a revaluation of
Juan de Flores as a far more prolific, versatile and
influential author than has previously been recognized
A Case Study of the Population Ecology of a Topmouth Gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) Population in the UK and the Implication for Native Fish Communities
No full text1. The topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva is a small Asian cyprinid species that has proved invasive throughout many European countries. Following an initial introduction into the wild in 1996, the species is now proving invasive in the UK, with at least 25 infested waters in England and Wales, of which 10 are known to have direct connection to a major river catchment.
2. To demonstrate the threat of P. parva to fisheries in the UK, a case study is presented on a lake located in the Lake District of England where the species was introduced in 2000. The species rapidly established a breeding population that, by 2003, was the dominant species in size classes <70 mm. In 2004, they were the only species in the lake that produced young-of-the-year.
3. Individual P. parva adopted the reproductive tactics of early maturity, multiple spawning, male dominance and male nest guarding; sexual dimorphism was manifested in larger body size of males. These traits were in contrast to the resident, native species of the lake, including roach Rutilus rutilus and gudgeon Gobio gobio, which adopted traits of later maturity and single spawning.
4. This case study, therefore, revealed relatively rapid establishment of a P. parva population, their subsequent numerical dominance of the fish community, and the impediment of the recruitment of native fish. The implications for UK fisheries are concerning: should P. parva continue to disperse and individuals adopt similar traits as those in this case study, there may be few waters immune from their invasion, numerical dominance and subsequent impacts
Neural basis for priming of pop-out during visual search revealed with fMRI
No full textMalikovic and Nakayama first showed that visual search efficiency can be influenced by priming effects. Even "pop-out" targets (defined by unique color) are judged quicker if they appear at the same location and/or in the same color as on the preceding trial, in an unpredictable sequence. Here, we studied the potential neural correlates of such priming in human visual search using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We found that repeating either the location or the color of a singleton target led to repetition suppression of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity in brain regions traditionally linked with attentional control, including bilateral intraparietal sulci. This indicates that the attention system of the human brain can be "primed," in apparent analogy to repetition-suppression effects on activity in other neural systems. For repetition of target color but not location, we also found repetition suppression in inferior temporal areas that may be associated with color processing, whereas repetition of target location led to greater reduction of activation in contralateral inferior parietal and frontal areas, relative to color repetition. The frontal eye fields were also implicated, notably when both target properties (color and location) were repeated together, which also led to further BOLD decreases in anterior fusiform cortex not seen when either property was repeated alone. These findings reveal the neural correlates for priming of pop-out search, including commonalities, differences, and interactions between location and color repetition. fMRI repetition-suppression effects may arise in components of the attention network because these settle into a stable 1. attractor state" more readily when the same target property is repeated than when a different attentional state is required
KOMPATD3ILITAS KOMBINASI //aNPV DAN SBM SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP MORTALITAS DAN AKTIVITAS BIOLOGI PENGGEREK BUAH KAPAS Helicoverpa armigera HUBNER
No full textBanyak cara dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas HaNPV terhadap serangga hama sasaran. Efektivitas //aNPV terutama daya bunuhnya, dapat ditingkatkan dengan cara mengkombinasikan HaNPV dengan metode pengendalian hama lain yang pengaruhnya dapat menurunkan kckebalan tubuh serangga, misalnya insektisida nabati scrbuk biji mimba (SBM). Disamping untuk meningkatkan efektivitas, kombinasi yang sinergis antara HaNPV dan SBM juga bcrmanfaat untuk substitusi //aNPV yang produk komcrsialnya masih terbatas. Penelitian kompa- tibilitas kombinasi //aNPV dan SBM seta pengaruhnya terhadap mortalitas dan aktivitas biologi larva penggerek buah kapas H. armigera dilaksanakan di laboratoium Hama Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, mulai Maret hingga Juli 2002. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui kompatibilitas dan kemanjuran kombinasi //aNPV dan SBM, seta mengetahui dampak interaksinya terhadap aktivitas biologi penggerek buah kapas //. armigera. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah kombinasi //aNPV dan SBM berdasarkan konsentrasi subletal dan letal, yaitu: (I) Kontrol (tanpa perlakuan), (2) SBM(LC25), (3) SBM(LC,0), (4) //aNPV(LC25), (5) //aNPV(LC50), (6) /YaNPV(LC25) + SBM(LC2S), (7) /YaNPV(LC25) + SBM(LC50), (8) //aNPV(LC30) + SBM(LC2S), (9) //aNPV(LCjo) + SBM(LCjo). Setiap perlakuan disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis intcraksi antara //aNPV dan SBM pada berbagai kombinasi konsentrasi umumnya menunjukkan sifat aditif dan sinergis. Kombinasi konsentrasi yang berinteraksi sinergis adalah //aNPV(LCso) t-SBM(LCso) yang menyebabkan mortalitas larva H. armigera ± 80%. Penurunan bobot larva maupun perpanjangan umur stadia larva tcinfeksi secara cfektif dipengaruhi oleh semua perlakuan //aNPV dan SBM, baik individu maupun kombinasi.Kata kunci: Aditif, //aNPV, H. armigera, kompatibilitas, mortalitas, serbuk biji mimba, SBM, sinergisABSTRACTCompatibility of HaNPV and SBM combinations and its effects on the mortality and biological activities of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera HubnerMany ways to increase the effectiveness of //aNPV against insect pests. Combination of //aNPV and other control method, namely using neem seed powder (SBM) which reduced the insect immunity system, was one way to increase the effectiveness of//aNPV. Synergistic combination of SBM to //aNPV not only increased the effectiveness of insect control but SBM itself could also substitute //aNPV which was unavailable commercially. The study was caried out in the Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute (ITOFCRI) in Malang rom March to July 2002. The objective was to ind out the compatibility and efficacy of //aNPV+SBM combination against cotton bollworm and its impacts to larval motality and biological activities. The treatment tested were combinations of //aNPV+SBM based on both sublethal (LCjj) and lethal (LC50) concentrations, viz. (1) Control (untreated), (2) SBM(LC2!), (3) SBM(LCjo), (4) //aNPV(LC23), (5) //aNPV(LC50), (6) //aNPV(LC25) 4 SBM(LC25), (7) //aNPV(LC2J) + SBM(LCso),(8) //aNPV(LC3o) + SBM(LC2S), (9) //aNPV(LCj0) + SBM(LCjo). Each treatment was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with four replications Results showed that the combinations of HaNPV and SBM at different concentrations proved to be additive and synergistic interaction. The synergistic interaction was signiicant when //aNPV(LC,o) was combined with + SBM(LC50) with caused ± 80% of larval motality. Reducing in larval weight and prolong the larval age were effectively influenced by HaNPV and SBM either alone or combination.Key words: Additive, compatibility, HaNPV, //. armigera, motality neem seed powder, SBM, synergistic interactio
Measurement of the production of high-p(T) electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV
No full textElectrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays (charm and beauty) were measured with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass of energy root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV. The transverse momentum (pT) differential production yields at mid-rapidity were used to calculate the nuclear modification factor R-AA in the interval 3 < p(T) < 18 GeV/c. The R-AA shows a strong suppression compared to binary scaling of pp collisions at the same energy (up to a factor of 4) in the 10% most central Pb-Pb collisions. There is a centrality trend of suppression, and a weaker suppression (down to a factor of 2) in semi-peripheral (50-80%) collisions is observed. The suppression of electrons in this broad p(T) interval indicates that both charm and beauty quarks lose energy when they traverse the hot medium formed in Pb-Pb collisions at LHC. (C) 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V
Service as a major source of growth in Russia and other former Soviet states
Get PDFPrivate services could contribute greatly to economic growth in Russia and the other former Soviet states. The authors use econometric analysis to identify the gap between expected and actual levels of service activities in these countries and simulate the effect on GDP and employment of closing the gap. The gap is particularly wide for business and consumer services. Transport and publicly provided services are comparable to, or higher than, those in other countries. Traditionally, the Marxist doctrine of socialist economies has labeled services"nonproductive."And there is continuing evidence that national policies in these countries favor producers of goods over producers of services. In Russia, for example, there was until recently a 25 percent ceiling on trade margins for some products, and the enterprise profits tax is higher for producers of services than for producers of goods. Also, coefficients for real estate lease payments are sometimes higher for service firms. It will be important for Russia and the other former Soviet states to identify a policy agenda to facilitate the rapid expansion of services. The policy agenda should entail legal, economic, and institutional changes to eliminate the current bias against services, so that service firms can operate on a level playing field. It should also include proactive programs to stimulate a rapid increase in the level of service activity. Appropriate measures may include: (a) changes in the tax law, the regulatory framework, and other economic incentives; (b) government programs to accelerate private sector development and the privatization of government distribution and service activities; (c) training for enterprise employees to facilitate their transfer from production to service activities; (d) action to support the orderly development of input and output markets; (e) creation of a modern banking system that will use appropriate criteria to provide credit to service enterprises; and (f) consideration of service activities as priorities for international technical assistance and direct foreign investment.Governance Indicators,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,ICT Policy and Strategies,Municipal Financial Management
A systematic review of evidence on malignant spinal metastases : natural history and technologies for identifying patients at high risk of vertebral fracture and spinal cord compression
Get PDFBackground: Spinal metastases can lead to significant morbidity and reduction in quality of life due to spinal cord compression (SCC). Between 5% and 20% of patients with spinal metastases develop metastatic spinal cord compression during the course of their disease. An early study estimated average survival for patients with SCC to be between 3 and 7 months, with a 36% probability of survival to 12 months. An understanding of the natural history and early diagnosis of spinal metastases and prediction of collapse of the metastatic vertebrae are important.
Objective: To undertake a systematic review to examine the natural history of metastatic spinal lesions and to identify patients at high risk of vertebral fracture and SCC.
Data sources: The search strategy covered the concepts of metastasis, the spine and adults. Searches were undertaken from inception to June 2011 in 13 electronic databases [MEDLINE; MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations; EMBASE; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED), HTA databases (NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination); Science Citation Index and Conference Proceedings (Web of Science); UK Clinical Research Network (UKCRN) Portfolio Database; Current Controlled Trials; ClinicalTrials.gov].
Review methods: Titles and abstracts of retrieved studies were assessed by two reviewers independently. Disagreement was resolved by consensus agreement. Full data were extracted independently by one reviewer. All included studies were reviewed by a second researcher with disagreements resolved by discussion. A quality assessment instrument was used to assess bias in six domains: study population, attrition, prognostic factor measurement, outcome measurement, confounding measurement and account, and analysis. Data were tabulated and discussed in a narrative review. Each tumour type was looked at separately.
Results: In all, 2425 potentially relevant articles were identified, of which 31 met the inclusion criteria. No study examined natural history alone. Seventeen studies reported retrospective data, 10 were prospective studies, and three were other study designs. There was one systematic review. There were no randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Approximately 5782 participants were included. Sample sizes ranged from 41 to 859. The age of participants ranged between 7 and 92 years. Types of cancers reported on were lung alone (n= 3), prostate alone (n= 6), breast alone (n= 7), mixed cancers (n= 13) and unclear (n= 1). A total of 93 prognostic factors were identified as potentially significant in predicting risk of SCC or collapse. Overall findings indicated that the more spinal metastases present and the longer a patient was at risk, the greater the reported likelihood of development of SCC and collapse. There was an increased risk of developing SCC if a cancer had already spread to the bones. In the prostate cancer studies, tumour grade, metastatic load and time on hormone therapy were associated with increased risk of SCC. In one study, risk of SCC before death was 24%, and 2.37 times greater with a Gleason score 7 than with a score of < 7 (p= 0.003). Other research found that patients with six or more bone lesions were at greater risk of SCC than those with fewer than six lesions [odds ratio (OR) 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.012 to 8.35, p= 0.047]. For breast cancer patients who received a computerised tomography (CT) scan for suspected SCC, multiple logistic regression in one study identified four independent variables predictive of a positive test: bone metastases 2 years (OR 3.0 95% CI 1.2 to 7.6; p= 0.02); metastatic disease at initial diagnosis (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 11.4; p= 0.05); objective weakness (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.5 to 9.5; p= 0.005); and vertebral compression fracture on spine radiograph (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 6.5; p= 0.05). A further study on mixed cancers, among patients who received surgery for SCC, reported that vertebral body compression fractures were associated with presurgery chemotherapy (OR 2.283, 95% CI 1.064 to 4.898; p= 0.03), cancer type [primary breast cancer (OR 4.179, 95% CI 1.457 to 11.983; p= 0.008)], thoracic involvement (OR 3.505, 95% CI 1.343 to 9.143; p= 0.01) and anterior cord compression (OR 3.213, 95% CI 1.416 to 7.293; p= 0.005).
Limitations: Many of the included studies provided limited information about patient populations and selection criteria and they varied in methodological quality, rigour and transparency. Several studies identified type of cancer (e.g. breast, lung or prostate cancer) as a significant factor in predicting SCC, but it remains difficult to determine the risk differential partly because of residual bias. Consideration of quantitative results from the studies does not easily allow generation of a coherent numerical summary, studies were heterogeneous especially with regard to population, results were not consistent between studies, and study results almost universally lacked corroboration from other independent studies.
Conclusion: No studies were found which examined natural history. Overall burden of metastatic disease, confirmed metastatic bone involvement and immediate symptomatology suggestive of spinal column involvement are already well known as factors for metastatic SCC, vertebral collapse or progression of vertebral collapse. Although we identified a large number of additional possible prognostic factors, those which currently offer the most potential are unclear. Current clinical consensus favours magnetic resonance imaging and CT imaging modalities for the investigation of SCC and vertebral fracture. Future research should concentrate on: (1) prospective randomised designs to establish clinical and quality-of-life outcomes and cost-effectiveness of identification and treatment of patients at high risk of vertebral collapse and SCC; (2) Service Delivery and Organisation research on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and scanning (in tandem with research studies on use of MRI to monitor progression) in order to understand best methods for maximising use of MRI scanners; and (3) investigation of prognostic algorithms to calculate probability of a specified event using high-quality prospective studies, involving defined populations, randomly selected and clearly identified samples, and with blinding of investigators
A case for re-inventory of Australia’s plant pathogens
Get PDFAustralia has efficient and visible plant quarantine measures, which through various border controls and survey activities attempt to prevent the entry of unwanted pests and diseases. The ability to successfully perform this task relies heavily on determining what pathogens are present and established in Australia as well as those pathogens that are exotic and threatening. There are detailed checklists and databases of fungal plant pathogens in Australia, compiled, in part, from surveys over many years sponsored by Federal and State programmes. These checklists and databases are mostly specimen-based, which enables validation of records with reference herbarium specimens and sometimes associated cultures. Most of the identifications have been based on morphological examination. The use of molecular methods, particularly the analysis of DNA sequence data, has recently shown that several well-known and important plant pathogenic species are actually complexes of cryptic species. We provide examples of this in the important plant pathogenic genera Botryosphaeria and its anamorphs, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Phomopsis / Diaporthe and Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs. The discovery of these cryptic species indicates that many of the fungal names in checklists need scrutiny. It is difficult, and often impossible, to extract DNA for sequence analysis from herbarium specimens in order to validate identifications that may now be considered suspect. This validation can only be done if specimens are recollected, re-isolated and subjected to DNA analysis. Where possible, herbarium specimens as well as living cultures are needed to support records. Accurate knowledge of the plant pathogens within Australia's borders is an essential prerequisite for the effective discharge of plant quarantine activities that will prevent or delay the arrival of unwanted plant pathogens
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