1,721,005 research outputs found
Extracellular Vesicles in Psychiatry Research in the Context of RDoC Criteria
No full textThe analysis of extracellular vesicles has been accelerated because of the technological advancements in omics methods in recent decades. Extracellular vesicles provide multifaceted information regarding the functional status of the cells. This information would be critical in case of central nervous system cells, which are confined in a relatively sealed biological compartment. This obstacle is more dramatic in psychiatric disorders since their diagnosis primarily depend on the symptoms and signs of the patients. In this paper, we reviewed this rapidly advancing field by discussing definition of extracellular vesicles, their biogenesis and potential use as clinical biomarkers. Then we focused on their potential use in psychiatric disorders in the context of diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. Finally, we tried to combine the RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) with the use of extracellular vesicles in psychiatry research and practice. This review may offer new insights in both basic and translational research focusing on psychiatri
Mentalexo approach for diagnosis of psychiatric disorders
Full text linkIntroduction: Psychiatric disorders cause a high burden of disease and disability for the society. Liquid biopsies provide potent opportunities for screening programs, diagnosis, prognostic stratification and treatment monitorization. Previously, the liquid biopsy studies were mainly focused on the several malignancies without proper screen methods, but this approach has also a strong potential for decreasing disease burden in CNS pathologies. The main restriction for the diagnosis of CNS diseases is the lack of the methods to receive biochemical/functional information form a tightly enveloped compartment. The hypothesis/theory: In this proposal, we aim to develop a fast and cheap diagnostic platform based on the detection of exosomes originating from the central nervous system (CNS) cells. We intended to develop a sensor device with minimum maintenance costs, which is highly specific and sensitive for psychiatric diseases. Evaluation of the hypothesis/idea: In order to give background information for our proposal; we began with reviewing the concept of liquid biopsies and adaptation of this concept for psychiatric disorders. Then we discussed the conventional and novel methods for the detection of extracellular vesicles (EV). Furthermore, we discussed the detection of exosomes originating from central nervous system and methods analyzing the content of the EVs. Additionally, we reviewed the imaging techniques for detection and visualization of EVs. Empirical data: We used in silico research tools (MetaCore (TM) version 6.37, Clarivate Analytics, and ExoCarta database) to detect appropriate disease specific exosomal markers. We proposed our design for the detection of EVs based on the immune-capture of EVs and detection of surface antigens via the antibody conjugated fluorophores. We also proposed a design to increase the channels for detection of exosomal antigens by using bioinformatics methods, including pathway networks, RDOC matrices and exosome databases which we called Mentalexo approach. We applied this approach on depression and addiction disorders in order to find appropriate exosomal markers. Consequences of the hypothesis and discussion: We believe that our proposal may contribute to the conception of new diagnostic devices focusing on the detection of exosomes in psychiatric conditions
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Translation of the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale
No full textThis study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish translation of the Yale pharyngeal residue severity rating scale. The scale measures the severity of residue in the vallecula and pyriform sinus. The original scale was translated into Turkish by two bilingual English-Turkish translators, and the Turkish version was translated back into English by two qualified professional translators to assess accuracy. The evaluators were divided into two groups (training and no-training) and two subgroups according to their experience. Intra-rater, inter-rater, and intra-class correlation coefficient measurements were analyzed by calculating agreement rates, kappa, and p values. In the analysis of the reliability, intra-class correlation coefficient values in the overall ratings for both the vallecula and the pyriform sinus were 0.9996 (95% CI 0.9992-0.9998) and 0.9997 (95% CI 0.9995-0.9999), respectively (p < 0.01). High agreement (> 95%) and perfect Fleiss kappa values were obtained for the vallecula and pyriform sinus ratings in the inter-rater initial assessments (kappa = 0.959 and kappa = 0.967, respectively). Perfect kappa values were found in the intra-rater results for both the vallecula and pyriform sinus (alpha = 0.9959 and kappa = 0.9959, respectively). In the inter-rater secondary analysis, the vallecula and pyriform sinus kappa values were perfect (kappa = 0.959 and kappa = 0.967, respectively). In the intra-rater analysis, perfect kappa values were obtained for the vallecula and pyriform sinus in the no-training group and less-experience subgroup (kappa = 0.9918 and kappa = 1.0 for the vallecula, and kappa = 1.0 and kappa = 0.9902 for the pyriform sinus, respectively) In the inter-rater analysis, perfect kappa values were obtained for the vallecula and pyriform sinus in the no-training group and less-experience subgroup (kappa = 0.9507 and kappa = 0.9606 for the vallecula, and kappa = 0.9836 and kappa = 1.0 for the pyriform sinus, respectively). The Turkish translation of the Yale pharyngeal residue severity rating scale demonstrated high validity and reliability scores in determining pharyngeal residue location and value in the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing
The Factors Affecting the Awareness about Transplantation and Decision of Organ Donation in Istanbul, Turkey
No full textThe Factors Associated with Mothers' Preventive Measures Against Home Accidents: A Descriptive Study from Istanbul, Turkey
No full textObjective: One of the most common causes of death among children in Turkey is accidents, and of this, 18-25% caused by home accidents. This study aims to identify the factors associated with safety measures against home accidents, that are taken by mothers who have children between 0-6 years of age. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted among the mothers who admitted to three Family Health Centers in Istanbul, Turkey, in 2017. The data was collected with a questionnaire including The Scale for Mother's identification of Safety Measures Against Home Accidents for Children of 0-6 Years Age Group. The data was analyzed with SPSS program using Chi square, Mann Whitney-U and Spearman correlation tests (p<0,05 considered significant). 224 mothers participated in this study. Results: The most frequent home accidents were falling (48.9%), finger jam (36.6%) and crashing (30.6%). There was a weak positive correlation between the scale score and family's income (p=0.039; r=0.157); and a weak negative correlation between the scale score and child's age (p=0.001; r=-0.331). There was no association between education level of parents and safety measures. However, the scale scores were significantly higher among those who have specifically been educated about home accidents compared to those who haven't (p=0.013). Conclusion: The current education program may not be sufficient to prevent home accidents. We believe that specific courses about home accidents and safety measures are needed; even if these courses can be integrated to secondary school or university curricula it can be more beneficial
Metagenomic analysis of black-stained plaques in permanent dentition
No full textObjectives: We aimed to determine the aetiologic agent responsible for black staining of permanent dentition using next-generation sequencing and determine the relationship between caries and black stains. Materials and methods: A total of 52 systemically healthy patients with black-stained and caries-free (n = 13), black-stained and carious (n = 13), black stain-free and caries-free (n = 13), and black stain-free and carious (n = 13) teeth were enrolled in the study. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) was used for caries classification. Between 08:00 and 10:00, supragingival plaque samples were collected after a minimum of 8-12 h of accumulation and DNA samples were isolated. The samples were processed using the ZymoBIOMICS (TM) Service. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using mothur at usegalaxy.org. Data were analysed statistically using the Pearson chi-square and Fisher tests. Results: The number of caries-free teeth (ICDAS 0, 1, and 2) was significantly higher in patients with black stains (p = 0.007).Capnocytophaga (4.8 %), Corynebacterium (3.9 %), and Neisseria (5.4 %) species were the most abundant among all black-stained plaques (carious and caries-free) (p < 0.05). Capnocytophaga (10.8 %), Cardiobacterium (3.6 %), and Rothia (1.72 %) species were detected in the black-stained plaques of caries-free patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study is one of the first studies examining the microbial composition of dental plaques with black staining in carious and caries-free adult patients using next generation sequencing technology. In the presence of black staining, plaques have an ultimate complex microbial structure. A lower caries burden was noted in the presence of black staining
The Effect of Dental Paste with Herbal Content on Remineralization and the Imaging with Fluorescent Technique in Teeth with White Spot Lesion
No full textObjective: To evaluate the effect of Gumgumix herbal toothpaste on remineralization of white spot lesions with a laser fluorescent system called FluoreCam. It is a pilot study. Methods: The FluoreCam system was used for the fluorescence imaging of the fifteen teeth with white spot lesions. During the study, the patients continued to use the previously owned toothpastes, addition to Gumgumix. Gumgumix was applied on the lesion area with a finger pressure twice a day and was not rinsed mouth after, only a limited spit and was prevented from taking any fluid during 30 minutes. The Compare option in the FluoreCam system was used to differentiate the situation before and after the use of the paste; if the marked area were yellow No Change; blue Sound Surface; green Improving; light blue Mild Improving and red meant Worsening. Results: Of the 13 lesions that were Suspect Surface initially, 46% were identified as Mild Improving, 7% as Moderate Worsening, 30% as No Change, and 15% as Sound Surface. Two of the white spot lesions were recovered totally as 100%. Conclusion: After use of Gumgumix for one week, remineralization was observed on teeth with white spot lesion. The white spot lesions on two teeth were totally healed
Urinary micro-RNA expressions and protein concentrations may differentiate bladder cancer patients from healthy controls
No full textPurpose To determine expression differences of urine exosomal miR-19b1-5p, 21-5p, 136-3p, 139-5p, 210-3p and concentration differences of urinary BLCA-4, NMP22, APE1/Ref1, CRK, VIM between bladder cancer, follow-up patients, and control samples, to evaluate diagnostic importance of these differences and establish a diagnostic panel for bladder cancer. Methods Urine samples of 59 bladder cancer patients, 34 healthy controls, and 12 follow-up patients without recurrence were enrolled to this study. Real-time PCR and ELISA were performed to determine urine exosomal miR-19b1-5p, 21-5p, 136-3p, 139-5p, 210-3p expressions and urinary BLCA-4, NMP22, APE1/Ref1, CRK, VIM, creatinine concentrations. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the diagnostic panel, the sensitivity, and specificity of the panel assessed by the ROC curve analysis. p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results In bladder cancer risk groups, mir-139, -136, -19 and 210 expressions or positivity were found to be different and concentrations of urinary Ape1/Ref1, BLCA4, CRK, and VIM increased by twofold on average compared to healthy controls. Logistic regression and ROC analyses revealed that panel could differentiate bladder cancer patients from healthy controls with 80% sensitivity and 88% specificity (AUC = 0.899), low-risk patients from controls with 93% sensitivity and 95.5% specificity (AUC = 0.976). Despite the low number of samples, our findings suggest that urine exosomal miR-19b1-5p, 136-3p, 139-5p expression, and urinary APE1/Ref1, BLCA-4, CRK concentrations are promising candidates in terms of bladder cancer diagnosis. Conclusions Although our panel has great sensitivity for early detection of BC, it needs to be validated in larger populations
Application of CALL score for prediction of progression risk in patients with COVID‐19 at university hospital in Turkey
No full textPredictors for the risk and severity of post-thrombotic syndrome in vascular Behcet's disease
No full textObjective: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities is the most common form of vascular involvement in Behcet disease (BD), frequently leading to post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) as a disabling complication. We have described the clinical characteristics and predictors of PTS presence among patients with BD and lower extremity DVT. We also used venous Doppler ultrasound (US) examinations in our assessment. Methods: Patients with BD (n = 205; 166 men, 39 women; age 39 6 9.5 years) and a history of DVT were investigated. The Villalta scale was used to assess the presence and severity of PTS. Doppler US examinations were performed within 1 week of the clinical evaluation. The total number of vessels with reflux, thrombi, recanalization, and collateral vessels were calculated. Results: Of the 205 patients with BD, 62% had had PTS and 18% had had severe PTS. Patients with PTS had had greater reflux (P = .054) and thrombosis (P = .02) scores compared with patients without PTS. Treatment with anticoagulation (AC), immunosuppressive (IS) therapy, or AC combined with IS drugs did not affect the occurrence of PTS. However, patients treated with IS therapy, with or without AC drugs, had a decreased incidence of severe PTS compared with the AC-only group (P = .017). Patients treated with AC plus IS agents also had increased collateral scores compared with patients treated with only IS drugs. Interferon-a use seemed to provide better recanalization scores compared with azathioprine only (1.0 [range, 0-14] vs 2.5 [range, 0-10]; P = .010). Conclusions: Patients with BD and DVT have a high risk of developing severe PTS. IS treatment decreases the development of severe PTS. AC therapy might influence the course of PTS by increasing the collateral scores, and the use of interferon-a also increased recanalization scores. Routine assessment with Doppler US examinations could be helpful in the prediction of severe PTS. (J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2021;9:1451-9.
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