1,721,186 research outputs found
Anti-polio vaccinations in the third millennia
No full textPoliomyelitis is a highly infectious viral disease, which mainly affects young children. In 1988, the World Health Assembly adopted a resolution that committed all countries to polio eradication by the year 2000, launching the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. The last naturally occurring case of wild polio virus type 2 infection was in October 1999 while the last case of wild polio virus type 3 was recorded in November 2012. In 2016 there were the lowest number of polio cases in recorded history (just 37) and this year we expect even fewer cases. Until the end of October 2017 only 12 cases were reported (the previous year, in this same period, 27 cases had been recorded). The eradication program did not progress smoothly: fundamentalism; religious opposition; civil war; outbreaks of other infectious diseases and circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses may favor the failure of vaccination programs. Through the enormous progress toward polio eradication made in these last years, such as the switch from the trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine to the bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and the certification of the eradication of the wild polio virus type 2; the eradication efforts are at their final chapter, otherwise known as the polio endgame
Tuberculosis- The never ending story:past, present and future challenge (Part I)
No full textSince 1892, one century after the Discovery of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis as the causal agent of the disease by Robert Koch in Berlin, on March 24th each year the WHO celebrates the TBC da
Indagine sul livello di informazione in tema di AIDS tra studenti universitari a Viterbo
No full textImpiego della proteina A stafilococcica per la ricerca di IgM specifiche verso il virus dell'epatite virale tipo A
No full textImmunogenicita' ed effetti collaterali della vaccinazione contro l'epatite B in soggetti a rischio
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Utility of serological screening for measles, mumps and rubella in immunocompromised patients
No full textMarchi et al. in their article (Measles in pregnancy: a threat for Italian women? Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019 Jun 20:1–3) observed that 96.9% of pregnant women were positive for anti-measles IgG (with a higher risk of contracting measles in those aged 19–29 years) emphasizing the importance of serological screening before pregnancy. We evaluated seroprotection/seropositivity rates to Measles, Mumps and Rubella in 324 adults with an acquired immune-deficiency needing an immunization program. We found that younger patients (20–29 years) had a seroprevalence below 85%. Overall, a relevant proportion (21.6%, 54/250) of patients was susceptible to at least one infection needing immunization. Our results confirm the usefulness of proper strategies for identifying individuals susceptible to vaccine-preventable infections and protecting them through vaccination
Unexpected high rate of wild-type HIV-1 genotype among inmates failing antiretroviral therapy
No full textPurpose: Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has proven to be effective in treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Chronic administration of antiretrovirals presents significant challenges, including the risk of selecting treatment-resistant viral strains that can determine treatment failure and can be transmitted. In many countries, a large proportion of the HlV-infected population goes through the correctional system at least once. Scarce data are available on circulation of resistant HIV strains in correctional facilities. We evaluated the prevalence of antiretroviral resistance among both naïve and treatment-experienced HlV-infected inmates of a correctional institution in Genoa, Italy. Method: The prevalence of antiretroviral resistance among the HlV-infected inmates observed at our institution who underwent genotypic testing from January 2004 to June 2007 was retrospectively reviewed. Results: 45 genotypes from 43 inmates were available. Most of the naïve patients (14/16; 87.5%) showed a wild-type (WT) genotype, as well as most of the ART-experienced patients who had discontinued ART (10/13; 76.9%). A high proportion of WT genotype (6/16; 37.5%) was also observed among the subjects apparently failing HAART. Conclusions: The prevalence of mutated strains in treatment-naïve individuals of the studied cohort is comparable to what is reported in nonimprisoned naïve subjects of our region. The high prevalence of WT genotypes in ART-failing patients makes it likely that they were not taking their treatments, probably to gain legal benefits from their worsening health conditions. Thus, resistance testing can also be considered as an additional tool for assessing adherence to ART for forensic/medicolegal evaluation. However, further and larger studies are necessary to validate it. © 2008 Thomas Land Publishers, Inc
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