50 research outputs found
sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221122740 - Supplemental material for Agreement among rapid diagnostic tests, urine malaria tests, and microscopy in malaria diagnosis of adult patients in southwestern Nigeria
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221122740 for Agreement among rapid diagnostic tests, urine malaria tests, and microscopy in malaria diagnosis of adult patients in southwestern Nigeria by Jonathan Ayobami Oyeniyi, Ibrahim Sebutu Bello, Olanrewaju Oloyede Oyegbade, Azeez Oyemomi Ibrahim, Oyeladun Funmi Okunromade and Oladipupo Omolade Fakoya in Journal of International Medical Research</p
sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121231164259 – Supplemental material for Malaria among the elderly in five communities of Osun East district, Southwest Nigeria: Prevalence and association with non-communicable diseases
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121231164259 for Malaria among the elderly in five communities of Osun East district, Southwest Nigeria: Prevalence and association with non-communicable diseases by Ibrahim Sebutu Bello, Temitope Oluwafemi Olajubu, Olusegun Olumuyiwa Osundiya, Oluwasina Tajudeen Salami, Azeez Oyemomi Ibrahim and Abdulakeem Ahmed in SAGE Open Medicine</p
Global Health: Challenges And Responses. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils.
No full textBackground: Globalization has made the world perceive health from a global perspective, considering how trends and events in
individual countries and different regions impact health at the international level. As the world strives towards health for all,
there are some major challenges slowing progress.
Materials and Methods: A literature search for studies on Global health challenges was performed using Google Scholar search
database, PubMed, Medline, and ScienceDirect. The bibliographies of included studies were also searched for additional
references. About 115 articles were identified. Twenty-five articles were considered suitable for the review.
Results: Climate change is identified as presenting the biggest threat to the achievement of health globally. Unsafe products
and poor nutrition are also a significant threat to people’s wellbeing worldwide. Lifestyle changes and increased use of harmful
chemicals in consumer products pose a serious health risk. Low health literacy also presents a challenge as it hinders proper
communication of health-related information. Inadequate investment in health workers further adds to the challenge of access
to health care..
Conclusion: Global health remains the top issue around the world, directly influencing decisions on all other aspects of life,
whether they are social, economic, or environmental. Good health is a priority at the individual, national, and international
levels. As the world tries to address illnesses and ensure the safety of the population, serious challenges limit the success of the
initiatives set in place
Correlation of Features of Allergic Rhinitis and Allergic Conjunctivitis with Treatment Modalities
No full textIntroduction: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, symptomatic allergic disorder of the nose that is usually caused by IgE-mediated inflammatory response following exposure to an allergen. The allergen could be in the form of dust, pollen, flower, animal dander, mold, cold, food allergens or insect. Clinically, AR occurs when there are recurrent nasal symptoms which are reversible either spontaneously or with medication in the preceding one year. Such symptoms include at least two of the following; excessive sneezing, running nose, nasal itching, nasal discharge, nasal congestion or obstruction.Previous studies have linked AR to be co-existed with another form of allergic disorders including AC, Atopic dermatitis and Allergic Asthma.This study is aimed at assessing the feature of AR patients with coexistent AC as well as evaluating the effectiveness of the treatments offered to them. Objectives: The study was aimed at finding the correlation between the nasal and eye features in a patient who has co-existing allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted between August 2018 and November 2019 among 38 patients who presented to ENT and Ophthalmology departments of Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria and was diagnosed with both allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis. Relevant data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 20. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: The patients’ age range between 8 and 81 yearswith a median age of 33 years. The majority were less than 45 years (63.2%) with the male to female ratio of almost. Eye pain, itching, and redness account for 97.4% of all the eye features, while the presence of Cobblestone-like papillaeis the least and accounted for 5%. Nasal itching (92.1%) was the commonest nasal symptom. Sleep disturbance was found to be the most common among those with eye itching (29.7%).Conclusion: This research was conducted to correlate the features of allergicrhinitis with those of conjunctivitis and common management and preventive measures offered to the patients seen in our clinics. The majority of the patients were less than 45 years with almost equal sex ratio. Eye pain, itching, and redness account for the majority of all the eye features, while the presence of Cobblestone-like papillaeis the least eye feature. Nasal itching was the commonest nasal symptom and this was seen in the majority of the patients with eye symptoms. Keywords: Allergy; rhinitis; conjuctivitis.1. INTRODUCTIONAllergic Rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, symptomatic allergic disorder of the nose that is caused by IgE-mediated inflammatory response following exposure to an allergen. [1] The allergen couldbe in form of dust, pollen, flower, animal dander, mold, cold or insect. [2] Clinically, Allergic rhinitis occurs when there are recurrent nasal symptoms which are reversible either spontaneously or with medication in the preceding one year. [3] Such symptoms include at least two of the following; excessive sneezing, running nose, nasal itching, nasal discharge, nasal congestion or obstruction. [3].The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between clinical features of Allergic Rhinitis (AR) with Allergic conjunctivitis (AC). The availability of such data will be necessary, not only for epidemiological purposes but also for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the affected individuals.2. METHODOLOGYThis is cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between August 2018 and November 2019 among 38 patients who presented to ENT and Ophthalmology departments of Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria and were diagnosed with both allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis. Sample size was obtained using G*Power version 3.1.9 software to calculate the power analysis and determine the optimal sample size. The type of power analysis chosen within G*Power is “a priori: computer required sample size –given α, power, and effect size” and the test family chosen was Chi square tests. The statistical test chosen was Goodness of fit tests: contingency tables. The effect size identified was 0.5 (large effect size), the alpha level was 0.05 while the power level was 0.80. The total sample size calculated was 32 however all 38 patients that presented to ENT and Ophthalmology with both allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis between August 2018 and November 2018 were enrolled into the study. Relevant history was taken and clinical examinations were carried out on the patients. Adequate treatment was offered and each patient was followed up for 3 months to evaluate the response to the treatment given. The data collected from thepatients were entered into the computer software and analyzed using SPSS version 20. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant
Correlation of Features of Allergic Rhinitis and Allergic Conjunctivitis with Treatment Modalities
No full textIntroduction: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, symptomatic allergic disorder of the nose that is
usually caused by IgE-mediated inflammatory response following exposure to an allergen. The
allergen could be in the form of dust, pollen, flower, animal dander, mold, cold, food allergens or
insect. Clinically, AR occurs when there are recurrent nasal symptoms which are reversible either
spontaneously or with medication in the preceding one year. Such symptoms include at least two of the following; excessive sneezing, running nose, nasal itching, nasal discharge, nasal
congestion or obstruction.
Previous studies have linked AR to be co-existed with another form of allergic disorders including
AC, Atopic dermatitis and Allergic Asthma.
This study is aimed at assessing the feature of AR patients with coexistent AC as well as
evaluating the effectiveness of the treatments offered to them.
Objectives: The study was aimed at finding the correlation between the nasal and eye features in
a patient who has co-existing allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted between August 2018 and
November 2019 among 38 patients who presented to ENT and Ophthalmology departments of
Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria and was diagnosed with
both allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis. Relevant data obtained were analyzed using SPSS
version 20. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: The patients’ age range between 8 and 81 years with a median age of 33 years. The
majority were less than 45 years (63.2%) with the male to female ratio of almost. Eye pain, itching,
and redness account for 97.4% of all the eye features, while the presence of Cobblestone-like
papillae is the least and accounted for 5%. Nasal itching (92.1%) was the commonest nasal
symptom. Sleep disturbance was found to be the most common among those with eye itching
(29.7%).
Conclusion: This research was conducted to correlate the features of allergic rhinitis with those of
conjunctivitis and common management and preventive measures offered to the patients seen in
our clinics. The majority of the patients were less than 45 years with almost equal sex ratio. Eye
pain, itching, and redness account for the majority of all the eye features, while the presence of
Cobblestone-like papillae is the least eye feature. Nasal itching was the commonest nasal
symptom and this was seen in the majority of the patients with eye symptoms
Stroke Subtypes, Risk Factors and Treatment Outcomes at A Tertiary Hospital Situated in Rural Southwestern Nigeria: A Five- Year Restrospective Observational Study
No full textIntroduction: Despite the high burden of stroke globally, there is an observed paucity of data regarding its subtypes, risk factors and treatment outcomes in rural Southwestern Nigeria. The study ascertained the subtypes, risk factors and treatment outcomes of stroke at the adult Accident and Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital in a rural Southwestern Nigeria. Materials and methods: A retrospective survey using data form and standardized questionnaire was used to review the patients admitted for stroke between January 2015 and December 2019. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0. The results were presented in descriptive and tabular formats. Results: In this study, 276 stroke patients comprised Ischemic (60.1%) vs Hemorrhagic (39.9%) strokes were studied. The mean age of the patients was 67.3±11.1 years. The majority were males and were older than 65 years. The independent predictors of stroke admissions were Informal education [(AOR = 0.288; 95% CI: (0.120-0.691), p = 0.005)], low income earners [(AOR = 0.452; 95% CI: (0.230-0.888), p = 0.021)], obesity [(AOR = 0.080; 95% CI: (0.019-0.347), p= 0.001)], heart failure [(AOR= 9.152; 95% CI: (2.325-41.266), p < 0.001)], atrial fibrillation [(AOR = 0.136; 95% CI: (0.068-0.891),p = 0.001)], tobacco smoking [(AOR = 0.350; 95% CI: (0.137-0.891), p = 0.028)], and poorly controlled blood pressure [(AOR = 0.107; 95% CI: (0.033-0.348), p <0.001)]. The mortality rate was 10.1%. Conclusion: The results of this study further support the argument on the higher prevalence of stroke admission in rural areas of Southwestern Nigeria. There may be need for public awareness on primary stroke prevention and early identification of the risk factors in order to reduce the prevalence and mortality of stroke in the rural Southwestern Nigeria
Socio-demographic prole, lifestyle changes and co-morbid ailments as predictors of medication adherence among hypertensive patients attending federal teaching hospital, ido-ekiti, southwestern, Nigeria
No full textAbstract
Background: Non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medications is a modifiable risk factor for uncontrolled hypertension. Despite the availability of tolerable antihypertensive drugs, majority of patients are still not adherent to their medications.
Aim: To investigate Socio-demographic profile, lifestyle changes and comorbid ailments as predictors of medication Adherence among hypertensive patients
attending Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Southwestern, Nigeria.
Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 356 hypertensive patients on follow up. Systematic random sampling technique was adopted
to recruit the 356 respondents. Semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was employed to seek information on respondents’ socio-demographic
characteristics, lifestyle changes, comorbid ailments, and number of antihypertensive medications. Adherence level was determined using the Morisky’s Medication
Adherence Scale. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of medication adherence.
Results: The prevalence of medication adherence was 60.4%. In multivariate analysis; male gender (OR, 15.85, 95% CI: 4.33 – 58.11) level of education (OR, 16.94,
95% CI: 1.13 – 253.06) habits of salt usage (OR, 284, 95% CI: 29.35 – 2748.37) and two anti-hypertensive drugs (OR, 15.13, 95% CI: 4.78 – 47.867) were the
predictors of good medication adherence. On the other hand, trading (OR, 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02 – 0.78) was associated with poor medication adherence.
Conclusion: The prevalence of medication adherence was low. Trading was the predictor of poor medication adherence. Therefore, clinicians and other stakeholders
should target this set of occupation and provide qualitative health education to improve their medication adherence level
Evaluation of the Impact of Tinnitus on Health-Related Quality of Life amid Sawmill Workforces
No full textBackground: Tinnitus is the phantom aural perception of sound lacking an
exterior stimulus, a sub-type of auditory hallucination and it is a common
sensation among noise-exposed employees. It is a symptom, not an illness.
Tinnitus can be extremely perplexing for its subjects and it may perhaps disturb
their health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) if exposed to extreme noises in
many ways. Objective: This study is intended to discover the effects and pattern
of tinnitus on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) amid noise-exposed saw
mill workforces. Method: This study was a prospective and public-centered
cross-sectional study, including 510 sawmill personnel. 510 directorial staff
was used as the control. Health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) of all subjects
was assessed with the WHO Quality of Life brief questionnaire. Self-reported
tinnitus morbidity was assessed by means of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory.
A correlation was established amid health-related quality of life scores
and tinnitus severity scores. Result: There were 510 sawmill employees enlisted
into the study, out of which 490 were men and 20 were women with control
of the same age and sex. The mean age was 36.85 ± 7.68 years for the sawmill
workers and 35.75 ± 8.65 years for the control group (t = 1.02, P = 0.275).
The mean tinnitus score for the sawmill workers was 20.80 ± 2.56. Out of the
510 sawmill workers, 52 (10.2%) had tinnitus and one of the controls had tinnitus.
The mean health-related quality of life scores were 62.20 ± 8.62 and
72.56 ± 5.98 for the sawmill workers and control group respectively. There
was a substantial and remarkable difference between the health-related quality
of life of the sawmill workers and the control group (P < 0.05). Also, it was
observed that there was a noteworthy drop in the overall physical and psy-chological domains of the health-related quality of life scores with an increase
in work environment noise level among sawmill employees and no major alteration
was observed in the social and environmental aspects of the quality
of life scores with change in occupational noise gains. Conclusion: The prevalence
of tinnitus from this study was found to be 10.20% and an upsurge in
tinnitus rigorousness was seen to be related with a substantial drop in physical,
psychological and social domains of the health related quality of life. We
highly endorse hearing conservation programmes and use of personal protective
equipments for sawmills workers which will aid to decrease the effects of
exposure to loud noise. Those sawmill labors already having tinnitus must attempt
to go for treatment
Evaluation of the Impact of Tinnitus on Health-Related Quality of Life amid Sawmill Workforces
No full textBackground: Tinnitus is the phantom aural perception of sound lacking an
exterior stimulus, a sub-type of auditory hallucination and it is a common
sensation among noise-exposed employees. It is a symptom, not an illness.
Tinnitus can be extremely perplexing for its subjects and it may perhaps disturb
their health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) if exposed to extreme noises in
many ways. Objective: This study is intended to discover the effects and pattern
of tinnitus on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) amid noise-exposed saw
mill workforces. Method: This study was a prospective and public-centered
cross-sectional study, including 510 sawmill personnel. 510 directorial staff
was used as the control. Health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) of all subjects
was assessed with the WHO Quality of Life brief questionnaire. Self-reported
tinnitus morbidity was assessed by means of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. A correlation was established amid health-related quality of life scores
and tinnitus severity scores. Result: There were 510 sawmill employees enlisted
into the study, out of which 490 were men and 20 were women with control
of the same age and sex. The mean age was 36.85 ± 7.68 years for the sawmill
workers and 35.75 ± 8.65 years for the control group (t = 1.02, P = 0.275).
The mean tinnitus score for the sawmill workers was 20.80 ± 2.56. Out of the
510 sawmill workers, 52 (10.2%) had tinnitus and one of the controls had tinnitus. The mean health-related quality of life scores were 62.20 ± 8.62 and
72.56 ± 5.98 for the sawmill workers and control group respectively. There
was a substantial and remarkable difference between the health-related quality of life of the sawmill workers and the control group (P < 0.05). Also, it was observed that there was a noteworthy drop in the overall physical and psychological domains of the health-related quality of life scores with an increase
in work environment noise level among sawmill employees and no major alteration was observed in the social and environmental aspects of the quality
of life scores with change in occupational noise gains. Conclusion: The prevalence of tinnitus from this study was found to be 10.20% and an upsurge in
tinnitus rigorousness was seen to be related with a substantial drop in physical, psychological and social domains of the health related quality of life. We
highly endorse hearing conservation programmes and use of personal protective equipments for sawmills workers which will aid to decrease the effects of
exposure to loud noise. Those sawmill labors already having tinnitus must attempt to go for treatment
Five-year analysis of clinical presentations and predictors of stroke mortality in rural Southwestern Nigeria: A retrospective observational study
No full textIntroduction: Stroke mortality and its predictors are important outcome measures in stroke epidemiological
studies and clinical trials. There is an observed paucity of data regarding the clinical presentations and predictors
of stroke mortality in Southwestern Nigeria. Few available related studies have centred on hospitals in the urban
and sub-urban areas; however, none in the rural settings. This study, therefore, focuses on the clinical presentations and predictors of stroke mortality at the adult Emergency Centre of a tertiary hospital situated in rural
Southwestern Nigeria.
Methods: A retrospective survey, using data form and standardized questionnaire, was used to study the patients
admitted for stroke between January 2015 and December 2019. The data were analysed using SPSS Version 22.0.
The results were presented in descriptive and tabular formats.
Results: A total of 276 patients were studied. Their mean age was 67.3 ± 11.1 years. The most common clinical
presentations were hemiparesis and cranial nerve deficit. The case of fatality was 10.1%. The predictors of stroke
mortality were age ≥65 years [(AOR = 12.752; 95% CI: (1.022–159.190), p = 0.048)], Glascow coma score <8
[(AOR = 50.348; 95% CI: (7.779–325.866), p < 0.001)], uncontrolled blood pressure [(AOR = 23.321; 95% CI:
(2.449–221.927), p = 0.006)], presence of atrial fibrillation [(AOR = 16.456; 95% CI: (2.169–169.336), p =
0.009)], convulsion [(AOR = 25.889; 95% CI: (2.374–282.296), p = 0.008)], heart failure [(AOR = 30.284; 95%
CI: (3.265–256.347), p < 0.001)], and a repeat stroke [(AOR = 32.617; 95% CI: (2.410–441.381), p = 0.009)].
Conclusion: The 7-day fatality was 10.1%. The predictors of stroke mortality were poor Glascow coma score,
uncontrolled blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, convulsion and a repeat stroke. This study
strengthens the argument on the higher prevalence of stroke and its mortality in rural Southwestern Nigeria. Our
findings may provide an impetus for prospective research on this outcome
