37 research outputs found
The International Conference “Documents on the Tatar History and Culture in Foreign Archives” (1st – 2nd October, 2014) »
No full textThe International Conference “Documents on the Tatar History and Culture in Foreign Archives” has been held in Kazan 1st – 2nd October, 2014. The conference was organized by Sh.Marjani Institute of History of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Chief Archive Department under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Tatarstan. The conference was held within the framework of the State program of the Republic of Tatarstan “Preservation of National Identity of the Tatar People (2014–2016)”.
The conference was organized in the form of a round table, where each report has been discussed. The moderators of the conference were M.M. Gibatdinov and I.M. Mirgaleev, researchers of Sh.Marjani Institute of History. During the conference there has been discussed the issue of strengthening the study of foreign archives
Transcript of the Roundtable “The Horde-Bazar: Nomadic Horde or Nomadic City”. Differentiated understanding of history. Roundtable of the series “Phenomenon of the Golden Horde” (13th May, 2014. Kazan, Institute of History of AS RT) »
No full text13th May 2014, a round table “The Horde-Bazar: Nomadic Horde or Nomadic City?” has been held as part of the series “The Phenomenon of the Golden Horde”. The round table was attended by I.M. Mirgaleev, D.M. Iskhakov, I.L. Izmaylov, R.M. Valeev, E.G. Sayfetdinova, A.I. Bugarchev, as well as graduate students and applicants of the Usmanov Center for Research of the Golden Horde History.
Head of the Center, I.M. Mirgaleev, opened the event by proposing to discuss such questions as: whether the Horde-Bazar was a city? Or a nomadic horde of khan? How researchers should treat information of the sources? M.S. Gatin noted the need to more clearly define the concept of “nomadic city” and “nomadic horde”. Maybe, it was the mere Horde’s mention in Russian chronicles? In turn, I.L. Izmaylov suggested that Russian sources do not necessarily understand Sarai under the term of “Horde”. The Horde might be the common name of the travel scope of Russian rulers. D.M. Iskhakov noted with regards to the concepts and definitions, that the terms “Horde-Bazar” and “Horde” did not necessarily mean the same concept. Moreover, we see in the sources that there was a post of “the prince of bazar” who ran this institution (bazar) within the Horde. E.G. Sayfetdinova noted that Ötemish Hajji mentions in his “Chingiz-name” the term of the Horde-bazar. He says on the election of Timur Malik as new khan that when he came to the throne, there was delivered a sermon in the Horde-bazar. R.M. Valeev stressed that it is important to pay attention to the minting of coins for the determination of the Horde-bazar. If in the 13th century the name of the “Horde-bazar” is absent, then in the 14th century it is mentioned as a center of coinage. A.I. Bugarchev added that in the 13th century there was one concept of “Horde” and in the 14th century the “Horde” appears on coins. We still do not know whether it was one or more mints. So, when we talk about the Horde-bazar, it is necessary to clarify what period we mean.
In the final part of the event there was defined range of problems that can be offered to debate aimed at holding such meetings regularly. Thus, the roundtable participants noted the need for close mutual cooperation of scholars to solve the problematic issues concerning the history of the Golden Horde
Roundtable «Western Campaign: Latin Sources» »
No full textThe round table “Western Campaign: Latin Sources” took place in Sh.Marjani Institute of History (Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan) on June 9, 2015. The round table was organized by Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates of AN RT. The main report was presented by Roman Hautala, Doctor of Historical Studies (Ph.D. in history) and well-known Finnish researcher of the Latin sources on the history of Genghisid States. His report was entitled “Early Hungarian Information about Mongol Western Campaign (1235–1242)” and was dedicated to the consideration of information contained in the Hungarian sources compiled in Latin language.
The roundtable participants discussed the issues relating to introduction in scholarly circulation of new Latin sources on the history of the Golden Horde and other Genghisid States, such as questions of study of a large body of Latin sources compiled in medieval Hungary. The discussion of proposed topic was attended by I.M. Mirgaleev, Cand. Sci. in History, Head of the Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates of AS RT; A.V. Aksanov, Cand. Sci. in History, Senior Research Fellow; E.G. Sayfetdinova, Cand. Sci. in History, Senior Research Fellow; T.F. Khaydarov, Cand. Sci. in History, Senior Research Fellow; L.F. Baybulatova, Cand. Sci. in History, Senior Research Fellow; B.R. Rakhimzyanov, Cand. Sci. in History, Senior Research Fellow; as well as by guest of the Center, M.S. Gatin, Cand. Sci. in History; and also graduate students of the Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates
Transcript of the Round-table “Legal System of the Kazan Khanate” (Kazan, November 20, 2015) »
No full textNovember 20, 2015, Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates held a round-table dedicated to issues of law development in the Kazan Khanate. I.M. Mirgaleev, Cand. Sci. (History), Head of Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates acted as a moderator of this event. Roman Pochekaev, Cand. Sci. (Jurisprudence), Professor, Head of Department of Theory and History of Law and State of the National Research University, Higher School of Economics in St. Petersburg, made a presentation on the theme of the “Legal System of the Kazan Khanate”.
The discussion of presentation was attended by: I.L. Izmailov, Cand. Sci. (History), Leading Research Fellow of the Institute of Archaeology of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences; I.A. Mustakimov, Cand. Sci. (History), Head of the Academic Use of Archival Documents and International Relations of the Main Archival Administration under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Tatarstan; as well as by Center staff: A.V. Aksanov, Cand. Sci. (History), Senior Research Fellow; T.F. Khaidarov, Cand. Sci. (History), Senior Research Fellow; E.G. Sayfetdinova, Cand. Sci. (History), Senior Research Fellow; B.R. Rakhimzyanov, Cand. Sci. (History), Senior Research Fellow; L.F. Baibulatova, Cand. Sci. (History), Senior Research Fellow.
The participants of the discussion not only managed to identify the key issues and outline prospects for further research but also put forward the original hypotheses and developed some methods for their verification
Information about the Golden Horde in the Saltuk-name of the Ottoman author Ebul-Khayri Rumi
No full textThe purpose of the study is to analyze information on the history of the Golden Horde from the multi-volume work of Ebul-Khayri Rumi “Saltuk-name”, an Ottoman author of the 15th century.
Research materials. Ottoman historical works contain quite original information about the Golden Horde and the Tatar khanates. Their information allows us to reveal previously unknown pages of the history of the Golden Horde period. One of such important and early works is the three-volume work “Saltuk-name” by Ebul-Khayri Rumi, an Ottoman author of the 15th century, describing the legendary history of Sary-Saltuk, who was engaged in the spread of Islam, including in the lands of the Golden Horde, primarily in Crimea. In Russian-language historiography, this author is little known and his information has not been used for scientific research. The relevance of the article is explained by the need to introduce into scientific circulation the information of the “Saltuk-name” about the Golden Horde.
Results and scientific novelty. The study is the first attempt at a systematic analysis of Ebul-Khayri Rumi’s Saltuk-name in Russian. The novelty of the study is the introduction of specific information from the Ottoman historical work and its interpretation into scientific circulation. This study provides an important impetus for the introduction of information from the works of Ottoman authors who wrote about the Golden Horde into active scientific circulation
Succession to the Throne in the Golden Horde: Replacement of the Batuids by the Tuqai-Timurids
No full textResearch objectives: To find out both the principle of succession to the throne in the Golden Horde after the extinction of Batuid family – the ruling dynasty line of the Jochids – and the reasons for the rise of the Tuqai-Timurids.
Research materials: In his analysis, the author is based on the genealogical sources and compares them with the Arab-Persian historical works and chronicles.
Results and novelty of the research: After the death of Berdibek, the principle of succession in the Golden Horde was disrupted since the Batuid family ceased to exist. The remaining Jochid families had to decide whose line will have had the right to sovereignty. The Time of Troubles of the 1360–70s ended with a Tuqai-Timurid Tokhtamysh’s victory. Replacement of the Batuids by the Tuqai-Timurids was in effect only during the reign of khan Tokhtamysh and therefore it can not be regarded as definitive and generally accepted solution to the problem. In addition to the Tuqai-Timurids, also representatives of the Shibanids will have become khans in the Turko-Tatar yurts in the future. It was precisely the process of disintegration of the Golden Horde and the unsolved problem of succession that led to the fact that hereinafter “any” Jochid could lay claim to the throne in post-Golden Horde yurts
Bek Bulat: From a Military Commander to a Rebel
No full textThe article is devoted to Bek Bulat – one of the characters in the Golden Horde history of the end of the 14th century and one of the first traitors during the confrontation between khan Tokhtamysh and Aksak Timur. During this period, the Golden Horde again faced political instability. Bek Bulat was the first and foremost among the contenders to the central power. His figure is interesting because at the beginning of his career, he was one of Toktamysh’s military commanders and his relative, but later he betrayed his suzerain. His story helps us to understand Edigu and his supporters. For if Bek Bulat would not be destroyed in 1392, possibly it would have been he who would have become the arbiter of fate in the early 15th century.
Tensions between Tokhtamysh’s supporters and opponents were profound. Tokhtamysh proclaimed the revival of the Golden Horde of the times of khans Uzbek and Janibek, but his adversaries opposed Tokhtamysh’s policy aimed at centralizing power. They wished to maintain influence of clans in order to prevent beklyaribek and vizier’s power to become declarative. To accomplish their goals Tokhtamysh’s adversaries tried to use his confrontation with Timur and came into contact with the latter. They betrayed Toktamysh during the decisive battle on Kondurcha in 1391, and later he executed them for this treachery
The “Kypchak” Heritage. On the New Publication of A.N. Garkavets »
No full textIn 2015 in Almaty renowned researcher of the “Kypchak” written heritage A.N. Garkavets republished Charles Frazier’s Tatar translation of the book “Musanıŋ ilk kitabı” (“The First Book of Musa”). John Mitchell was first to publish this book in 1819 in Astrakhan. This reissue represents a continuation of a series of publications of his translations of Christian books in the Tatar language, under the auspices of the Scottish Missionary Society.
Through painstaking work, A.N. Garkavets is for years known as authoritative scholar and active publisher of the “Kypchak” written monuments who still continues to seek out new sources.
Tatar language was formed from ancient times, but the times of the Golden Horde were decisive. As is known, the central steppe territory of the Golden Horde previously belonged to the Kypchaks. So often the language of the Golden Horde Tatars traditionally continued to be called the Kypchak one. However, it was exactly the Tatar language that was understood under the Kypchak one. For example, the Cuman (Kypchak) language is named the Tatar one in the “Codex Cumanicus”. Since the 13th century, such dictionaries as “This is the Tatar language”, “Polovtsian language’s interpretation” had been compiled in Rus. In these dictionaries, it was clearly stated: “This is the Polovtsian language” = “This is the Tatar language”. Thus, not only the Turko-Tatars continued to use the Tatar language for a long time, but also other peoples who lived among the Turkic-Tatar population of the Golden Horde and the Tatar khanates
On the Allotment of Nogai Biys from the Usergen, Kipchak, Burjan and Tamyan Clans with the People, Land, Forests and Waters
No full textThe published charter is written in the Tatar language and was granted by the Russian administration to the Nogai Tatars who entered the service of the Moscow Tsar and received for that lands in the Southern Urals. The charter refers to four Nogai biys from the Usergen, Kipchak, Burjan and Tamyan clans. The charter is preserved in a copy of 1838. The document lists the lands in the Southern Urals that were granted to these four clans. The charter says that “some” of these biys (princes) received lands and people, but “some” of them received the status of Tarkhan. According to the authors, the charter was compiled at the turn of the 16th–17th centuries.
The charter reflects the beginning of the process of infusion of four Nogai clans into the ethnic state of “Bashkort”
ormation and development of the scientific journal “Golden Horde Review”
No full textIn 2023, it will be ten years since the release of the first issue of our journal, “Golden Horde Review”. The decision to publish a special periodical was made by the Academic Council of the Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences on April 16, 2013. During this past period of the journal’s activity, the editors managed to intensify research on the history of the Golden Horde and the Tatar Khanates, popularize Turkic-Tatar history at the international level, and introduce new sources into scientific circulation. From the first issues, the publication acquired a high degree of scientific interest; the magazine has managed to gain popularity among a wide audience of researchers and interested readers.
Over the ten years of its activity, the journal has received a worthy assessment from the Russian and international scientific community, has achieved high quality publications, and has consistently increased its rating in leading scientometric databases. The journal is included in the List of peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications of the Higher Attestation Commission for the publication of the main scientific results of dissertations. In 2017, the Golden Horde Review journal was included in the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) on the Web of Science Core Collection platform and the international SCOPUS database. The publication is also included in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). Indexing in scientometric databases significantly increases the accessibility, popularity, and citations of the journal. Today, the scientific journal, “Golden Horde Review,” is one of the most popular and authoritative scientific publications among specialists in this field, as evidenced by the active participation of historians from many countries around the world in the scientific activities of the journal
