340 research outputs found
Face off : automatic versus controlled processing: does a shift in processing affect facial recognition?
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-96).Working from the transfer-inappropriate processing shift (Schooler, 2002), this project aimed to investigate whether a shift from automatic to controlled processing would impair face recognition rates, much like the manipulated Navon letters do (Perfect, Weston, Dennis, & Snell, 2008), thus providing an alternative explanation for the mechanism underlying the verbal overshadowing effect (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990)
Human Capital Spillovers in the Workplace: Labor Diversity and Productivity
No full textThe paper studies the relationship between human capital spillovers and productivity using a unique longitudinal matched employer–employee dataset of Israeli manufacturing plants that contains individual records on all plant employees. I focus on the within-plant diversity of employees’ higher-education diplomas (university degrees). The variance decomposition shows that most knowledge diversity takes place within the industries. Using a semi-parametric approach, the study finds that hiring workers who are diversified in their specific knowledge is beneficial for plants’ productivity—the knowledge-diversity elasticity is about 0.2–0.25 and is robust—and that the benefit of knowledge diversity increase with the size of the plant. This suggests that for each allocation of labor in the production process it is beneficial for plants to diversify their skilled labor. The findings also suggest that the conventional way of estimating plant-level production function using Ordinary Least Squares or Fixed-Effects method is biased upward due to simultaneity of the inputs and the unobserved productivity shock.human capital, spillovers, within, firm, plant, guy, navon, pakes, levinsohn, petrin, poi, olley
Qualitative differences in the immediate recognition memory for wine and visual matrices
No full textObjectives: The present study examined short-term recognition for gustatory stimuli (wines) and investigated the proposition that serial position effects are qualitatively equivalent across stimulus types (Ward et al., 2005).
Design: Two experiments examined serial position effects for a single yes/no recognition task with gustatory (Experiment 1) and visual stimuli (Experiment 2).
Methods: Two experiments were conducted (n=24 in each) each comprising 18 trials. Participants were presented with sequences of three wines (Experiment 1) or three matrices (Experiment 2). Each item was presented for five seconds with a five-second ISI (incorporating a palette cleanse). Following the three items, participants received a single recognition probe.
Results: Recognition for wine revealed strong primacy with an indication of recency. In contrast, recognition for non-verbal stimuli (abstract matrices) revealed strong recency and no primacy.
Conclusions: The primacy advantage reported for wines is consistent with the first item bias reported for wine preference judgments (Mantonakis et al., 2009). Furthermore, the qualitatively different serial position functions for gustatory stimuli (compared to non-verbal visual stimuli) is consistent with a model in which short-term memory for gustatory stimuli operate differently to that of other stimulus types
Global/Local Processing Style, Individual Differences, and Event-based Prospective Memory Performance
No full textThe aim was to investigate the role of global and local processing style in perception, field (in)dependence and personality traits in event-based memory performance One hundred forty participants took part in this experiment. Data were submitted to logistic regression and hierarchical regression, separately for the two conditions Global and Local (Navon stimuli). results indicated that, according to condition, global or local perceptive style. field (in)dependence and specific personality traits affect differently PM performance
Gestalt, Navon and Kanizsa illusion processing in CVI, ADHD, and dyslexia Children with Normal verbal IQ
No full textIntroductionGlobal Visual Selective Attention (VSA) is the ability to integrate multiple visual elements of a scene to achieve visual overview. This is essential for navigating crowded environments and recognizing objects or faces. Clinical pediatric research on global VSA deficits primarily focuses on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, in children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI) and other neurodevelopmental disorders (ADHD, dyslexia) similar deficits are reported. The aim of this study was to investigate global VSA performance in children with CVI, ADHD, dyslexia and neurotypical children by combing gaze-based measures with conventional neuropsychological tasks.MethodsWe included children aged 6–12 years with CVI (n = 20), ADHD (n = 30), dyslexia (n = 34) and neurotypical development (n = 37), all with normal verbal IQ. Eye tracking measurements were stepwise introduced within three global VSA tasks: Gestalt Closure (no eye tracking), Navon stimuli (eye tracking-based qualitative analysis) and Kanizsa Illusory Contours (KIC; eye tracking-based quantitative analysis). Verbal responses were compared with non-verbal gaze behavior.ResultsChildren with CVI had significantly lower success rates on Gestalt Closure recognition, prolonged verbal response times on Navon stimuli, and decreased verbal and gaze performance on the KIC task compared to all other groups, irrespective of visual acuity. Children with ADHD and dyslexia performed similar to neurotypical children on all tasks.DiscussionThe results suggest а distinct global VSA deficit in children with CVI, which aligns with clinical observations of symptoms in daily life. Incorporating gaze-based analyses provided new information about search strategies beyond verbal answers and made the KIC task more inclusive for children with language and motor disabilities. Assessing global VSA within clinical CVI assessments could improve the differential diagnostic evaluations among children with CVI, ADHD and dyslexia, leading to more personalized treatment approaches
Practical and Theoretical Aspects of Adjoint Parameter Estimation and Identifiability in Meteorology and Oceanography
No full textThe present paper has two aims. One is to survey briefly the state of the art of parameter estimation in meteorology and oceanography in view of applications of 4-D variational data assimilation techniques to inverse parameter estimation problems, which bear promise of serious positive impact on improving model prediction. The other aim is to present crucial aspects of identifiability and stability essential for validating results of optimal parameter estimation and which have not been addressed so far in either the meteorological or the oceanographic literature. As noted by Yeh(1986) in the context of ground water flow parameter estimation the inverse or parameter estimation problem is often ill-posed and beset by instability and nonuniqueness, particularly if one seeks parameters distributed in space-time domain. This approach will allow one to assess and rigorously validate results of parameter estimation, i. e., do they indeed represent a real identification of physical model param..
Art therapy for Parkinson's disease
No full textObjective: To explore the potential rehabilitative effect of art therapy and its underlying mechanisms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Observational study of eighteen patients with PD, followed in a prospective, open-label, exploratory trial. Before and after twenty sessions of art therapy, PD patients were assessed with the UPDRS, Pegboard Test, Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale and PROMIS-Self-Efficacy, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), Benton Visual Recognition Test (BVRT), Navon Test, Visual Search, and Stop Signal Task. Eye movements were recorded during the BVRT. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) was also performed to assess functional connectivity (FC) changes within the dorsal attention (DAN), executive control (ECN), fronto-occipital (FOC), salience (SAL), primary and secondary visual (V1, V2) brain networks. We also tested fourteen age-matched healthy controls at baseline. Results: At baseline, PD patients showed abnormal visual-cognitive functions and eye movements. Analyses of rs-fMRI showed increased functional connectivity within DAN and ECN in patients compared to controls. Following art therapy, performance improved on Navon test, eye tracking, and UPDRS scores. Rs-fMRI analysis revealed significantly increased FC levels in brain regions within V1 and V2 networks. Interpretation: Art therapy improves overall visual-cognitive skills and visual exploration strategies as well as general motor function in patients with PD. The changes in brain connectivity highlight a functional reorganization of visual networks
Practical and Theoretical Aspects of Adjoint Parameter Estimation and Identifiability in . . .
No full textThe present paper has two aims. One is to survey briefly the state of the art of parameter estimation in meteorology and oceanography in view of applications of 4-D variational data assimilation techniques to inverse parameter estimation problems, which bear promise of serious positive impact on improving model prediction. The other aim is to present crucial aspects of identifiability and stability essential for validating results of optimal parameter estimation and which have not been addressed so far in either the meteorological or the oceanographic literature. As noted by Yeh(1986) in the context of ground water flow parameter estimation the inverse or parameter estimation problem is often ill-posed and beset by instability and nonuniqueness, particularly if one seeks parameters distributed in space-time domain. This approach will allow one to assess and rigorously validate results of parameter estimation, i. e., do they indeed represent a real identification of physical model param..
A Fourth-Order Compact Implicit Scheme for Solving the Non-Linear Shallow-Water Equations in Conservation-Law Form
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