566 research outputs found
The Coryphaeuses of Dancing
No full textZ Katarzyną Sikorą i Michałem Buszewiczem rozmawia Witold MrozekWitold Mrozek in conversation with Michał Buszewicz, Katarzyna Sikor
Wpływ międzyorganizacyjnego osadzenia w relacjach na rozwój małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw
No full text[...] Celem rozdziału jest ocena wpływu osadzenia w relacjach międzyorganizacyjnych na wyniki mikro, małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw. Tym samym zostanie udzielona odpowiedź na pytanie, czy zwiększenie poziomu osadzenia w kluczowych relacjach międzyorganizacyjnych może stanowić korzystne rozwiązanie dla mikro, małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw na drodze ich rozwoju i poprawy wyników. Weryfikacja empiryczna postawionego celu zostanie dokonana na podstawie badań własnych przeprowadzonych na próbie 364 przedsiębiorstw. [...]Artykuł został sfinansowany ze środków Narodowego Centrum Nauki przyznanych na podstawie decyzji numer DEC-2012/05/D/HS4/01138. Projekt „Globalny i lokalny wymiar sieci biznesowych”, 2013-2016 (kierownik dr Milena Ratajczak-Mrozek)
Ripensare il valimiento. Don Luis de Haro nella più recente storiografia
No full textThe article focuses on the figure of Don Luis de Haro, minister-favorite of the King of Spain, Philip IV of Habsburg. Through the analysis of two recent books dedicated to this figure, the author aims to highlight the specific aspects of Haro's government compared to those of the most famous validos of Iberian history, namely the Duke of Lerma and the Count-Duke of Olivares. The central question is therefore whether Don Luis de Haro can be considered a valido to all effects, as were Lerma and Olivares, or rather if he was a favorite and adviser to the King with less extensive and more specific skills and tasks. This could be the result of the Philip IV's will, but also due to the changed political and cultural context in which the Habsburg monarchy found itself operating after the end of the Thirty Years’ War
Una rete di corruzione tra Spagna e Italia. I processi agli ufficiali di Pedro Franqueza (1609-1611)
Get PDFThe trials of Alonso Ramírez de Prado and Pedro Franqueza were the first real attack against the power of the Duke of Lerma and represented a crucial moment in the twenty years of government by the favourite of Philip III. Linked to the main defendants, other people had to testify before the judges about their actions and relationship with key members of the ruling faction at court. In addition to family members and clients of the two secretaries, six officials of the Secretary of State, who had closely worked with Franqueza in the previous years, were also involved in the inquiries. Through the analysis of both the charges made against them and the replies submitted by the defense lawyers,
a network of corruption emerges, linking the court to several main cities in the Mediterranean, in particular Majorca, Palermo and Naples. These trials are therefore further evidence of Lerma’s sheer power and of his ability to exert influence over the ruling classes of the various dominions of the Spanish Habsburgs
Universal Address Sequence Generator for Memory Built-in Self-test
No full textThis paper presents the universal address sequence generator (UASG) formemory built-in-self-test. The studies are based on the proposed universalmethod for generating address sequences with the desired properties formultirun march memory tests. As a mathematical model, a modification of therecursive relation for quasi-random sequence generation is used. For thismodel, a structural diagram of the hardware implementation is given, of whichthe basis is a storage device for storing so-called direction numbers of thegeneration matrix. The form of the generation matrix determines the basicproperties of the generated address sequences. The proposed UASG generates awide spectrum of different address sequences, including the standard ones, suchas linear, address complement, gray code, worst-case gate delay, , nextaddress, and pseudorandom. Examples of the use of the proposed methods areconsidered. The result of the practical implementation of the UASG ispresented, and the main characteristics are evaluated
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Czas w badaniach nad internacjonalizacją przedsiębiorstw
Get PDFBased on literature in the field, the article examines the impact of the time factor on the international experience and level of internationalization of companies. The author seeks to identify the role of time in research on the internationalization of companies. The article is based on a critical analysis of research studies on the internationalization of companies, with a special focus on process models, a network approach to internationalization, and reports on accelerated internationalization. In particular, the author deals with research reports on the time and speed of internationalization. The article presents a number of proposals concerning the role of time in research on the internationalization of companies. These are linked with increased experience in business operations on foreign markets, the speed of internationalization, and the relationship between the time and level of internationalization. The author finds that, in order to better understand the process of internationalization, it is necessary to include the time factor in the theory of internationalization. Ratajczak-Mrozek argues that the relationship between time and an increase in a company’s experience abroad is complex and non-linear. The same is true of the relationship between the time and level of internationalization, the author says. She adds that the level of internationalization should be determined on the basis of comprehensive measurements taking into account resources involved at various levels of a company’s operations. Measurements of the speed of internationalization should take into account the speed of the whole process, and not be limited to the speed of a company’s entry into foreign markets the author argues. This is particularly important for the study of “born global” companies, Ratajczak-Mrozek notes
Effetti in vitro dell’apigenina sulla proliferazione di linee cellulari di rabdomiosarcoma e osteosarcoma
No full textI sarcomi comprendono un eterogeneo gruppo di tumori mesenchimali. Si presentano generalmente come una massa asintomatica che può insorgere in qualsiasi parte del corpo, in particolare le estremità, il tronco e il retroperitoneo. Possono essere raggruppati in due gruppi principali: sarcoma dei tessuti molli e sarcoma primario dell’osso. Il più comune sarcoma dei tessuti molli dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza è rappresentato dal Rabdomiosarcoma, che è un tumore mesenchimale appartenente alla categoria dei “tumori a piccole cellule rotonde dell’infanzia”. Mentre il più comune tumore solido primario dell’osso nel periodo dell’adolescenza è rappresentato dall’Osteosarcoma, composto da cellule mesenchimali maligne, fusiformi che producono matrice osteoide o osso immaturo.
Non sono ancora chiari i meccanismi e le molecole coinvolti nello sviluppo dei Rabdomiosarcomi e Osteosarcomi. E’ stata riscontrata una certa tendenza alla familiarità in associazione a malattie di origine genetica come la neurofibromatosi di tipo 1, la sindrome di Gardner, la sindrome di Li-Fraumeni. Diversi studi hanno dimostrato che anche alterazioni genetiche, date da amplificazione di oncogeni maggiormente implicati nello sviluppo dei sarcomi come c-myc, membri della famiglia di ras e i recettori ErbB, sono implicate nello sviluppo di sarcomi. In linea generale è possibile affermare che le possibilità di sopravvivenza a 5 anni si riducono nettamente e progressivamente con l’avanzare dello stadio della malattia. Infatti con una diagnosi tempestiva la sopravvivenza supera il 90 % dei casi, mentre non supera il 15 % nelle forme che hanno già dato metastasi.
Il trattamento dei Rabdomiosarcomi e degli Osteosarcomi comprende una combinazione di diversi approcci terapeutici rappresentati dalla chirurgia e radioterapia, da sole o in combinazione tra loro, e dalla chemioterapia, utilizzata sempre in combinazione con le precedenti, con terapie adiuvanti e neoadiuvanti che utilizzano diverse combinazione di agenti chemioterapici. L’analisi dell’effetto di nuovi composti con attività antitumorale sulle cellule di Osteosarcoma e Rabdomiosarcoma, potrebbe portare all’identificazione di nuovi agenti da utilizzare in combinazione con le terapie tradizionali. A tal proposito, diversi studi epidemiologici hanno dimostrato che una elevata assunzione di flavonoidi, presenti nelle piante, riduce il rischio di insorgenza di malattie cronico-degenerative, tra cui quelle tumorali. Tra i flavonoidi studiati, l’apigenina, appartenente alla famiglia dei flavoni, ha destato negli ultimi anni un particolare interesse per i suoi effetti biologici sulle cellule tumorali rispetto alla loro controparte normale e per la sua bassa tossicità. In questo lavoro è stato valutato l’effetto dell’apigenina sulla proliferazione di cellule tumorali di Rabdomiosarcoma (RD18 e RH4) e di Osteosarcoma (SAOS). Le cellule sono state infatti trattate con l’apigenina e sono state valutate per la sopravvivenza cellulare, la variazione della popolazione nelle diverse fasi del ciclo cellulare, la modificazione dell’espressione dei recettori ErbB, in particolare EGFR, e dei geni implicati nelle vie di trasduzione del segnale attivate dai recettori stessi, come le MAP chinasi ERK1 ed ERK2 e AKT, implicati nello sviluppo dei sarcomi. L’effetto antitumorale in vitro dimostrato dall’apigenina, indica la necessità di effettuare studi pre-clinici su modelli animali e suggerisce la possibilità di utilizzare l’apigenina come un potenziale agente chemiopreventivo e antitumorale.Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal neoplasms. They appear commonly as an asymptomatic mass originating anywhere in the body, expecially in the extremity, in the trunk and in the retroperitoneum. Sarcomas can be grouped into two general categories: soft tissue sarcoma and primary bone sarcoma. The most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence is the Rhabdomyosarcoma, which is a mesenchymal tumor belonging to “small round cell tumors of childhood” category. The most common primary bone sarcoma in adolescence is represented by the Osteosarcoma, composed of spindle cells producing osteoid matrix or immature bone. Mechanisms and molecules involved in Rhabdomyosarcoma and Osteosarcoma development are not yet elucidated. It has been found a familiar tendency in association with some genetic sindrome such as Neurofibromatosis type 1, Gardner syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Several studies have demonstred that also genetic alterations such as oncogenes amplification (e.g. c-myc, members of the ras family and ErbB receptors) are associated with an increase risk of sarcomas development. In general we can say that a 5- years survival chance decrease sharply and progressively with stage disease. In fact, with a well-timed diagnosis the survival rate rises to 90% of cases, indeed it does not exceed 15% of cases in the presence of metastasis. Rhabdomyosarcoma and Osteosarcoma treatment comprise a combination of several terapeutic approachs including surgery and the radiotherapy, alone or in combination, and the chemotherapy, which utilizes several combinations of chemotherapeutics agents. Analysis of the effects of new compounds with antitumor activity in Osteosarcoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma tumors cells, could lead to identify new agents to be utilized in combination with traditional therapies. Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated the importance of flavonoids, which are present in plants. In fact, enhancing flavonoid intake decrease the risk of insurgence of chronics-degeneratives disease. Among flavonids we have studied apigenin, because of its low toxicity and its demonstrated biological effects on tumoral cells. In this work we have evaluated the apigenin effect on Rhabdomyosarcoma tumorals cells (RD18, RH4) and Osteosarcoma tumorals cells (SAOS) proliferation. Cells have been treated with apigenin and we have studied cellular survival, the cellular population change in different phases of cellular cycle and the modulation of ErbB receptors, in particular EGFR. We have also evaluated the different expression of genes involved in signal transduction pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ERK1 and ERK2 and AKT, implicated in sarcomas development. The antitumor effect demonstrated by apigenin “in vitro” indicates the necessity of preclinical studies on animal models and suggests that apigenin may represent a chemopreventive and antitumor agent
The Aspect of Time in Research on the Internationalization of Companies
No full textBased on literature in the field, the article examines the impact of the time factor on the international experience and level of internationalization of companies. The author seeks to identify the role of time in research on the internationalization of companies. The article is based on a critical analysis of research studies on the internationalization of companies, with a special focus on process models, a network approach to internationalization, and reports on accelerated internationalization. In particular, the author deals with research reports on the time and speed of internationalization. The article presents a number of proposals concerning the role of time in research on the internationalization of companies. These are linked with increased experience in business operations on foreign markets, the speed of internationalization, and the relationship between the time and level of internationalization. The author finds that, in order to better understand the process of internationalization, it is necessary to include the time factor in the theory of internationalization. Ratajczak-Mrozek argues that the relationship between time and an increase in a company’s experience abroad is complex and non-linear. The same is true of the relationship between the time and level of internationalization, the author says. She adds that the level of internationalization should be determined on the basis of comprehensive measurements taking into account resources involved at various levels of a company’s operations. Measurements of the speed of internationalization should take into account the speed of the whole process, and not be limited to the speed of a company’s entry into foreign markets the author argues. This is particularly important for the study of “born global” companies, Ratajczak-Mrozek notes.Celem artykułu jest weryfikacja na podstawie literatury przedmiotu zależności pomiędzy czasem a doświadczeniem zagranicznym i poziomem umiędzynarodowienia przedsiębiorstwa oraz wskazanie znaczenia konceptualizacji pojęcia czasu i związanego z nim tempa w badaniach nad internacjonalizacją przedsiębiorstw. Rozważania przeprowadzono wykorzystując krytyczną analizę literatury z zakresu internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw koncentrując się na modelach procesowych, podejściu sieciowym do umiędzynarodowienia oraz literaturze z zakresu przyspieszonej internacjonalizacji. W szczególności uwzględniono badania dotyczące czasu i tempa internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw. W artykule przedstawiono wiele wniosków dotyczących czasu w badaniach nad internacjonalizacją przedsiębiorstw związanych kolejno z przyrostem doświadczenia w działalności na rynkach zagranicznych, tempem internacjonalizacji oraz związkiem między czasem a poziomem internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw. Wskazano, że, aby uzyskać większe zrozumienie procesu internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw, niezbędne jest włączenie czasu explicite do teorii umiędzynarodowienia. Wykazano, że zarówno zależność pomiędzy czasem a przyrostem doświadczenia zagranicznego przedsiębiorstw, jak i czasem a poziomem ich umiędzynarodowienia jest kompleksowa i nielinearna. Ponadto w zakresie samego pomiaru istotne jest, aby poziom internacjonalizacji wyznaczać na podstawie miar kompleksowych uwzględniających zasoby zaangażowane na różnych płaszczyznach funkcjonowania firmy. Z kolei badania nad tempem internacjonalizacji powinny uwzględniać zarówno pomiar tempa podjęcia działalności zagranicznej, jak i tempa całego późniejszego procesu umiędzynarodowienia, co ma szczególne znaczenie dla badań nad przedsiębiorstwami born global
Proces umiędzynarodowienia a współpraca przedsiębiorstw high-tech z podmiotami zagranicznymi
Get PDFThe article looks at how Polish high-tech companies cooperate with foreign businesses depending on the advancement of the internationalization process. The author also attempts to suggest the desired course of development at the level of both individual high-tech companies and the economy as a whole. The article pinpoints areas in which support is needed for high-tech companies, with a view to increasing the competitiveness of the country. The article presents the results of a survey carried out in the first half of 2011 among 59 Polish high-tech companies active on foreign markets. The findings are compared with those of other available studies of cooperation, internationalization, and high-tech companies. Any differences in the perception of cooperation with foreign firms (in particular the motives for establishing such ties and the perceived barriers) depend on how long the surveyed high-tech companies have been active abroad. The analysis identifies the specific features of high-tech companies starting their operations abroad in the initial phase of internationalization. These firms usually find it more difficult to develop cooperation with foreign companies, even though they desperately need such ties the author says. Ratajczak-Mrozek goes on to suggest that it is necessary to broaden thinking about cooperation beyond the idea of a cluster-based policy and create a pro-cooperative culture, while underlining the benefits of cooperation demonstrated in the analysis. These benefits include increased market coverage, access to knowledge and know-how, and innovation
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