4,162 research outputs found
ko-ax photo [Selected by Tate Curator of Photography, Simon Baker]
No full textko-ax photo was an open submission competition selected by Simon Baker (Curator of Photography, Tate), Sue Steward (Photography critic, Telegraph, Observer, Guardian, BBC) and John Gill (Curator Brighton Photo Biennial and Founder Photoworks). The 10 artists selected all presented fascinating artworks that conceal narratives and ask questions of the viewer. Questions of beauty, family, decay and fantasy were all explored across over 50 works.</p
The people behind the papers – Jason Ko and Daniel Lobo
No full textPlanarians grow when they are fed and shrink during periods of starvation. However, it is unclear how they maintain appropriate body proportions as their size changes. A new paper in Development investigates the differences between growth and shrinkage dynamics and builds a mathematical model to explore the mechanisms underpinning these two processes. To learn more about the story behind the paper, we caught up with first author, Jason Ko, and corresponding author, Daniel Lobo, Associate Professor at the University of Maryland.https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.20298
Organizational Learning and Marketing Capability Development: A Study of Charity Retailing Operation of British Social Enterprises
No full textSocial enterprise is a hybrid form of profit- and social benefit-seeking organization whereby traditional nonprofit organizations pursue both their social mission and business opportunities. To embrace this new strategic direction shift, the nonprofit organizations need to develop new competences that will enable them to respond to the changes in the business model. The article investigates the learning mechanisms through which social enterprises develop a marketing capability to deploy their resources in the marketplace as the drivers of competitive advantage in their commercial practice. We study eight cases of UK-based charity retailers, in order to address the role of knowledge accumulation, articulation and codification process in the evolution of marketing capability development. We identify, amongst other things that the critical process of organizational learning for social enterprise is to transfer the experience into organization specific knowledge under the social aspects of constraints
Ko au te whenua, te whenua ko au – I am the land, the land is me: An autoethnographic investigation of a secondary school teacher’s experience seeking to enrich learning in outdoor education for Māori students.
No full textThis thesis is my story as an outdoor educator, as a researcher, and a co-participant reflecting on my own actions and experiences as well as those of my students. In this autoethnography I share my revelations and tensions in my role as an outdoor education teacher seeking to enrich the experiences of Māori students. Māori culture and history have largely been ignored in the outdoor education classrooms and environments of Aotearoa New Zealand. After teaching the subject for ten years I didn’t perceive that I was perpetuating the same invisibility in my own outdoor education course. Over this time a number of questions that had fermented at the back of my mind came to the fore; ‘why are so few Māori students opting to take outdoor education as a senior secondary school subject?’ and ‘how can I make the subject of outdoor education more desirable and appealing to Māori?’ A place-responsive approach incorporates and values traditional ways of learning through the notion of place and the stories attached to them. The cultural context of learning about and through place has the potential to provide learning opportunities that are relevant and meaningful to all learners but particularly Māori. Place-responsive pedagogies allow outdoor educators to create an environment where language, knowledge, culture and values are normal, valid and legitimate – contexts where Māori students can be themselves. Through this research I have found that the implementation of a place responsive approach has had significant implications for Year twelve outdoor education at Mount Maunganui College. The improvement in Māori student achievement and numbers selecting the subject have been affirming.
Ko au te whenua, te whenua ko au – I am the land, the land is m
OECD 국가의 정책들과 한국의 영․유아보육료 지원을 중심으로
No full text학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 경제학부, 2012. 2. 김대일.한국은 20세기 말부터 급격히 진행되고 있는 저출산과 고령화로 인구구조와 노동시장의 변화를 겪고 있다. 한국의 출산율은 OECD의 34 회원국가 가운데 가장 낮은 것으로 집계된다. 한국의 현재 고령화는 OECD 회원국 가운데 28위로 낮은 순위를 나타내고 있으나, 우리나라의 고령화 속도는 세계에서 유래를 찾아볼 수 없을 정도로 매우 급속하게 증가되고 있다. 이로 인해 노동 가능한 인력은 줄어들고 미래에 부양해야할 노인의 인구가 늘어남에 따라 생산가능인구의 1인당 부양해야할 노인인구비가 급격히 상승할 것으로 예견이 된다. 이런 문제를 대처하기 위해서 정부는 출산을 장려하고 유휴노동력을 적극 활용하는 방안을 모색하는 정책이 필요하다. 기혼 여성의 일과 가정의 양립을 위한 정책으로 자녀 영유아 보육료가 대표적이며 그 효과를 살펴보았다.
기혼 여성들의 노동공급을 높이기 위한 정책으로 사회(가족)정책과 노동정책이 있다. 사회정책으로는 모성휴가제도 혹은 가족수당, 아동수당 그리고 보육서비스 또는 가족서비스(현물급여)가 있다. 첫 번째로 OECD 19개 국가를 대상으로 위의 정책들의 효과에 대해서 알아보고자 1981년부터 1999년, 약 20년간의 Comparative Welfare States Data Set (CWS), Social Expenditure(SOCX) Comparative Family Benefits Database, Version 3(CFBD) World Development Indicator(WDI)의 자료를 정리하여 모형을 설정하였다. 분석결과, 보육서비스 지출과 같은 사회정책지출의 확대는 여성의 경제활동참가율을 높이는 방향으로 작용하였으나, 가족수당과 같은 현금지급은 억제시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 노동정책으로 소극적인 노동정책은 여성경제활동참가율을 낮추었고 적극적 노동정책은 예상과 반대로 오히려 여성의 경제활동참가를 낮추는 것으로 나타났으나 유의도가 크게 떨어졌다. 경기변동에 민감한 영향을 받는 실업률과 자영업자비율은 여성 경제활동참가율에 음의 영향을 주었다.
두 번째 추정은 한국 기혼여성의 노동공급을 늘이기 위한 정책의 효과로써 영유아 보육료에 대한 정책효과를 시험해보려고 하였다. 2004년부터 법정 저소득층과 차상위 계층에 한정되어 지원을 했던 영유아 보육료 지원이 2007년부터는 도시근로자가구 평균소득 100% 까지 혜택을 받게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 2003년과 2008년의 한국노동패널(KLIPS)자료를 가지고 정책전과 정책 후, 두 해 년을 모두 충족하는 2명 이상의 가족을 가진 45세 이하의 기혼 여성을 표본으로 뽑아서 한국에서 육아 보육료 지급 정책이 어떤 식으로 여성의 노동공급에 실제로 영향을 주었는지 판단하고자 한다. 자연실험이나 사회실험 등 각종 준 실험적 상황(quasi-experimental situation)에서 정책효과를 분석하는데 널리 사용되는 모형인 이중차분법(Differences-in-difference; DID) 모형을 사용하여 정책시행 이전은 통제집단으로 정책시행 이후는 실험집단(실험군)으로 구분할 수 있고, 또한 정책처방을 받는 실험집단과 정책처방이 없는 통제집단(대조군)으로 나누어 여러 가지 표본으로 모형을 구분한 후, 제도 확대의 영향을 받을 것으로 예상되는 집단과 그렇지 않을 것으로 예상되는 집단을 구분하였다.
한국의 보육료 지원이 여성경제활동참가에 미치는 실증분석을 한 분석결과 유의하지는 않지만 대체로 여성경제활동 참여를 늘리는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 높은 보육비용이 여성 노동시장 진출에 저해요인이 되며 보육비용 경감이 여성의 경제활동 참여에 도움을 준 것으로 보인다. 하지만 이는 모든 집단에 해당된 것은 아니다. 저학력이면서 저소득층인 경우는 이에 제외된다. 제도의 영향을 가장 직접적으로 받는 저학력 가구의 영유아 자녀를 둔 저소득층의 기혼여성의 경제참여는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 저학력이며 저소득의 여성들은 2003년 이전에 이미 보육료지원을 받고 있기 때문에 확대 적용되었다 할지라도 그 집단에는 큰 영향을 주지 않기 때문이라고 볼 수 있다. 또 고학력인 여성들에 비해서 소득이 적고, 노동진입을 위한 접근성도 떨어질 가능성도 보이기도 했다. 보육료 지원을 받을지라도 취업으로 인한 기회비용이 더 들것이므로 취업을 차라리 포기하고 직접 양육을 하는 것을 선택할 수 있다고 해석할 수 있다.
보육료지원의 효과를 보기 위해서는 보육서비스의 이용가능성과 서비스의 질을 높이기 위한 정부의 노력이 필요하다. 보육료 지원의 확대는 일시적으로 보육료 비용을 낮추어 정책의 효과를 가시적으로 높일 수는 있으나, 끊임없는 노력 없이는 보육 서비스질의 상향평준화와 기혼여성의 경제활동참여 증가를 기대할 수 없다. 따라서 국공립 보육 시설을 일정 수준 이상으로 확대하여 다양한 수요층을 포괄할 수 있고 보육 서비스의 질적 개선을 위해서 정부적 차원에서 체계적인 대안이 요구된다.
여성의 경제활동 참여를 높이려는 노력의 일환으로 구체적이며 실질적인 보육정책을 세워야 한다. 본 정책은 보육료 지원에 상당한 예산이 투입되었음에도 불구하고 특정 집단에는 여성의 경제활동 참여에 부정적인 영향을 주었음을 검증하였다. 정책의 효과를 더욱 높이기 위해서는 가정 내 소득층별로 차별하여 지원하는 보육료를 취업한 기혼여성과 취업하지 않은 기혼여성으로 차별하여 지원해주는 방향으로 발전해야 한다고 보는 바이다. 더불어 보육료 지원액을 실질적으로 높여서 지원을 강화해야 한다. 영유아를 가진 기혼여성이 차별지원을 받음으로 취업을 하는 행위에 인센티브를 주고 미취업 기혼여성에게 일을 하게 할 동기를 부여할 수 있다. 그리고 정부는 끊임없이 여성의 일과 가정의 양립을 가능하게 하는 사회적 양육 분담 시스템을 도입하여야 할 것이다. 2010년부터 맞벌이 부부를 대상으로 보육료 지원이 되고 있다고 한다. 이 보육료 지원의 효과에 대한 실증분석은 차후 데이터가 쌓인 후 시행되어야 할 과제로 볼 수 있다.Rapid rates of low fertility and population aging in Korea have caused a big change in the structure of population and labor markets. At a ratio of 1.15 children per woman, Korea's total fertility rate in 2009 was the lowest in the OECD. The decline in the fertility rate is mainly explained by married women having fewer children. In addition to the low fertility rates, the female employment rates have dropped to 52.2% in 2009, which is well below the OECD average of 59.6%. Therefore, Korea has to face up to the dual challenge of promoting female labor employment rates, as well as, increasing current fertility rates. In an attempt to boost the country's dropping birth rates and female employment rates, the government has to encourage married women to have more babies through institutionalized childcare policy.
Social(family) policy and labor policy are the policies which enhance female labor market participation. Social policies include: childcare leave, family allowance, childcare benefit, day care and family service. First, I used and organized data from the Comparative Welfare States Data Set (CWS), Social Expenditure(SOCX), Comparative Family Benefits Database Version 3(CFBD) and World Development Indicator(WDI) from 1981 to 1999 for 20 years to examine the effects over 19 OECD countries to a set the model. As a result, expenditure of social policy, such as childcare subsidy, enhances women's economic activities. However, increasing expenses of passive labor policies lower female labor market participation. Unexpectedly, increasing expenses of active labor policy lower female labor market participation, but this result is not statistically significant and this result has the limit as to treat only macro data here.
Another estimation is the research which examines the childcare policy to boost Korean female labor market participation. According to the childcare plan, in participation with the government, states that approximately 7 trillion won was expected to be spent on the public childcare system in 2007. Since financing the public expenditures, such as childcare subsidy, is a controversial issue. Experimental review is necessary. Therefore, this study analyzes the impact of expansion in childcare policy which serves families with infants over married women's labor supply. Empirical results from the differences-in-difference(DID) model, which includes married women with infants at specific income levels as the control group, suggests their labor market participation was increased; except the group of low-income and low-educated households.
This implies that the increased expenditure for childcare subsidy is associated with increased probabilities of working mothers with infants. However. it does not show statistically significant results. The labor participations in the low-income and low-educated married women with infant social bracket continually drops. Thus, female labor force participation statistic actually differed through the sample composition. Finally, I suggest that the policies made by the government should give differentiated amounts to working mothers, which promotes married women to work more. Moreover, the amount of subsidy assistance has to be changed to a practical amount, to give married women actual assistance.Maste
KNOWLEDGE ACCUMULATION IN ASIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH: A CRITICAL REVIEW
No full textGiven the growing controversy over the relevance of Anglo-Saxon style public administration to developing countries and a greater demand for more context-relevant theories of public administration in Asia, we should expect that Asian scholars achieve a certain level of knowledge growth in line with this controversy and demand. On the basis of the review of 8810 articles published in nine major international journals during 1990-2011, the author found that the number of articles on Asian public administration is very small, and there is no strong pattern of growth in this regard. In addition, there are very few studies adopting a comparative approach covering multiple Asian countries. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.N
Reactive oxygen species-responsive dendritic cell-derived exosomes for rheumatoid arthritis
No full textAlthough tolerogenic dendritic cell-derived exosomes (TolDex) have emerged as promising therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), their clinical applications have been hampered by their poor in vivo disposition after systemic administration. Herein, we report the development of stimuli-responsive TolDex that induces lesion-specific immunoregulation in RA. Responsiveness to reactive oxygen species (ROS), a physiological stimulus in the RA microenvironment, was conferred on TolDex by introducing a thioketal (TK) linker-embedded poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on TolDex surface via hydrophobic insertion. The detachment of PEG following overproduction of ROS facilitates the cellular uptake of ROS-responsive TolDex (TKDex) into activated immune cells. Notably, TolDex and TKDex downregulated CD40 in mature dendritic cells (mDCs) and regulated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) at the cellular level. In the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model, PEG prolonged the blood circulation of TKDex following intravenous administration and enhanced their accumulation in the joints. In addition, TKDex decreased IL-6, increased transforming growth factor-β, and induced the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in CIA mice. Overall, ROS-responsive TolDex might have potential as therapeutic agents for RA. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Tolerogenic dendritic cell-derived exosomes (TolDex) are emerging immunoregulators of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, their lack of long-term stability and low targetability are still challenging. To overcome these issues, we developed reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive TolDex (TKDex) by incorporating the ROS-sensitive functional group-embedded poly(ethylene glycol) linker into the exosomal membrane of TolDex. Surface-engineered TKDex were internalized in mature DCs because of high ROS-sensitivity and enhanced accumulation in the inflamed joint in vivo. Further, for the first time, we investigated the potential mechanism of action of TolDex relevant to CD40 downregulation and attenuation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion. Our strategy highlighted the promising nanotherapeutic effects of stimuli-sensitive TolDex, which induces immunoregulation.
Analyzing motivational factors of action sports participants
No full textThesis (M.A.), Education, Washington State Universit
Book-in-Common Conversation - Lisa Ko
No full textLisa Ko, author of The Leavers, will speak about her book and writing career in a virtual presentation on Tuesday, March 23 at 7 pm. Lisa Ko is the recipient of the 2016 PEN/Bellwether Prize and the 2017 Barnes and Noble Discover Great New Writers Award. The Leavers was also named best book of the year by NPR
Differentially altered social dominance- and cooperative-like behaviors in Shank2- and Shank3-mutant mice
No full textBackground: Recent progress in genomics has contributed to the identification of a large number of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk genes, many of which encode synaptic proteins. Our understanding of ASDs has advanced rapidly, partly owing to the development of numerous animal models. Extensive characterizations using a variety of behavioral batteries that analyze social behaviors have shown that a subset of engineered mice that model mutations in genes encoding Shanks, a family of excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding proteins, exhibit autism-like behaviors. Although these behavioral assays have been useful in identifying deficits in simple social behaviors, alterations in complex social behaviors remain largely untested. Methods: Two syndromic ASD mouse models—Shank2 constitutive knockout [KO] mice and Shank3 constitutive KO mice—were examined for alterations in social dominance and social cooperative behaviors using tube tests and automated cooperation tests. Upon naïve and salient behavioral experience, expression levels of c-Fos were analyzed as a proxy for neural activity across diverse brain areas, including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and a number of subcortical structures. Findings: As previously reported, Shank2 KO mice showed deficits in sociability, with intact social recognition memory, whereas Shank3 KO mice displayed no overt phenotypes. Strikingly, the two Shank KO mouse models exhibited diametrically opposed alterations in social dominance and cooperative behaviors. After a specific social behavioral experience, Shank mutant mice exhibited distinct changes in number of c-Fos+ neurons in the number of cortical and subcortical brain regions. Conclusions: Our results underscore the heterogeneity of social behavioral alterations in different ASD mouse models and highlight the utility of testing complex social behaviors in validating neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorder models. In addition, neural activities at distinct brain regions are likely collectively involved in eliciting complex social behaviors, which are differentially altered in ASD mouse models. © 2020, The Author(s).1
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