24,852 research outputs found
Hussein-Bey, dernier des beys à turban.
No full textHussein II (1784-1835), bey de Tunis de la dynastie des Husseinites de 1824 à sa mort
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Language Change and SA-OT: The case of sentential negation
No full textSimulated Annealing for Optimality Theory (SA-OT) updates Optimality Theory by adding a model of performance to a theory of linguistic competence. Our aim is to show that SA-OT can contribute to language change simulations. Performance "errors" are considered to be one of the causes of variation and change. We have chosen to model the evolution of sentential negation (SN). The descriptive background adopts Jespersen's Cycle, according to which the evolution of sentential negation follows three main stages (1. pre-verbal, 2. discontinuous, and 3. post-verbal). Therefore, we advance a novel model for SN, based on SA-OT. It reproduces the three pure and the two observed mixed stages, whereas it correctly predicts the lack of an intermediate stage between 3 and 1. The success of the approach corroborates the computational, performance-based approach to the data. Finally, we employ the iterated learning paradigm to reproduce historical changes in a "simulated corpus study". This enterprise turns out to be more difficult than one would naively believe.Appeared open access as: Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands Journal (CLIN), vol. 1 (2011), pp. 21-40, and is available at http://www.clinjournal.org/sites/default/files/Lopopolo.pdfA. Lopopolo and Biró, T., “Language Change and SA-OT. The case of sentential negation”, Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands Journal, vol. 1, pp. 21-40, 2011.Peer Reviewe
La stratégie médiatique de Daesh
No full textpar Hasna HUSSEIN, sociologue. Extrait (2/2) d'une intervention sur La propagande numérique de Daesh: fondement idéologique, mécanismes et objectifs à la Sorbonne dans le cadre d'une conférence sur le thème "Daesh, idéologie et causes locales" organisée par l'Association Maydan, 5 février 2016. La stratégie médiatique daeshienne , à l'instar d'autres régimes totalitaires, constitue "un moyen de justifier sa raison d'être, d'exercer un contrôle politique et d'assurer sa survie", tel que l'ont..
Adapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
La stratégie médiatique de Daesh
No full textpar Hasna HUSSEIN, sociologue. Extrait (2/2) d'une intervention sur La propagande numérique de Daesh: fondement idéologique, mécanismes et objectifs à la Sorbonne dans le cadre d'une conférence sur le thème "Daesh, idéologie et causes locales" organisée par l'Association Maydan, 5 février 2016. La stratégie médiatique daeshienne , à l'instar d'autres régimes totalitaires, constitue "un moyen de justifier sa raison d'être, d'exercer un contrôle politique et d'assurer sa survie", tel que l'ont..
Quand les ménagères de DAESH se rebellent
No full textpar Hasna HUSSEIN, sociologue. L’engagement des femmes dans les rangs de Daesh constitue un véritable phénomène social. Les françaises représentent par exemple 35 % de la totalité des départs des nationaux en Syrie. En outre, le projet politique du califat autoproclamé par cette organisation terroriste repose en partie sur le rôle joué par les femmes dans sa promotion ainsi que le recrutement de nouvelles sympathisantes. Mais le rôle principal des femmes au sein de Daesh reste principalement ..
Le recrutement numérique des adolescent.e.s par Daesh : Les chants « anasheed » djihadistes
No full textPar Hasna HUSSEIN Article paru dans la revue MEDIADOC, N° 18, Juin 2017, [publication de l’Association des Professeurs Documentalistes de l’Éducation Nationale, A.P.D.E.N]. Une version réduite de l'Article est disponible ici Les groupes djihadistes violents s’adaptent de plus en plus aux évolutions du web, qu’ils utilisent comme « une véritable plateforme opérationnelle »[1]. Daesh, par exemple, utilise Internet, et particulièrement les réseaux sociaux, pour diffuser sa propagande officielle..
Le djihad fantasmé de Daesh
No full text(Article publié sur le site Iqbal le 4 février 2016) Hasna HUSSEIN, sociologue, avec Par Dr. Moreno al Ajamî, Médecin, Docteur en Littérature et langue arabes, Islamologue, Théologien, Spécialiste de l’exégèse du Coran. La notion de djihad se situe au cœur de la propagande numérique de Daesh et de sa doctrine. Le djihad est aussi un outil pour inciter à la migration (hijra), deuxième pilier du projet global de Daesh : « Dâr al-islam n’est qu’un outil d’incitation à la Hidjrah et au Djihâd […..
Quand les ménagères de DAESH se rebellent
No full textpar Hasna HUSSEIN, sociologue. L’engagement des femmes dans les rangs de Daesh constitue un véritable phénomène social. Les françaises représentent par exemple 35 % de la totalité des départs des nationaux en Syrie. En outre, le projet politique du califat autoproclamé par cette organisation terroriste repose en partie sur le rôle joué par les femmes dans sa promotion ainsi que le recrutement de nouvelles sympathisantes. Mais le rôle principal des femmes au sein de Daesh reste principalement ..
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