6,234 research outputs found
A geomorphological framework for providing ecosystem services in lowland rivers
No full textThe publication of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA, 2005) has generated widespread scientific debate regarding the importance of linkages between ecosystems and human well-being. An ecosystem services approach has presented many challenges during its early stages of development; fundamentally the ability to classify and value an ecosystem and its services. By its complex nature, ecosystem service research requires an interdisciplinary approach.The thesis focuses on the role of geomorphology as a means to providing a framework for delivering ecosystem services in lowland rivers. The framework introduces a reach-scale analysis of how geomorphological functions (GF) help provide a platform for bio-physical interactions that deliver multiple ecosystem services in lowland rivers. The analysis will assess the influence of geomorphological functions (GF) in providing ecosystem services.Understanding the links between „ecosystem services? and the functioning of ecosystems to human welfare is critical for a wide range of decision-making contexts (Fisher et al., 2008). River restoration provides a useful and practical technique for placing monetary costs to the functions that characterise geomorphologically diverse rivers, whilst allowing for a spatial understanding on how physical characteristics impact the delivery of multiple ecosystem services. Case studies help reveal other direct and indirect benefits associated with riverine environments
sj-docx-1-jiv-10.1177_08862605221115117 – Supplemental material for Evaluating the Mentors in Violence Prevention Program: A Process Examination of How Implementation Can Affect Gender-Based Violence Outcomes
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jiv-10.1177_08862605221115117 for Evaluating the Mentors in Violence Prevention Program: A Process Examination of How Implementation Can Affect Gender-Based Violence Outcomes by Stefania Pagani, Simon C. Hunter and Mark A. Elliott in Journal of Interpersonal Violence</p
Yeast metabolism in fresh and frozen dough : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Food Technology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Full text linkAuthor also known as SM LovedayFresh bakery products have a very short shelf life, which limits the extent to which manufacturing can be centralised. Frozen doughs are relatively stable and can be manufactured in large volumes, distributed and baked on-demand at the point of sale or consumption. With appropriate formulation and processing a shelf life of several months can be achieved.Shelf life is limited by a decline in proofing rate after thawing, which is attributed to a) the dough losing its ability to retain gas and b) insufficient gas production, i.e. yeast activity. The loss of shelf life is accelerated by delays between mixing and freezing, which allow yeast cells the chance to ferment carbohydrates.This work examined the reasons for insufficient gas production after thawing frozen dough and the effect of pre-freezing fermentation on shelf life. Literature data on yeast metabolite dynamics in fermenting dough were incomplete. In particular there were few data on the accumulation of ethanol, a major fermentation end product which can be injurious to yeast.Doughs were prepared in a domestic breadmaker using compressed yeast from a local manufacturer and analysed for glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and ethanol. Gas production after thawing declined within 48 hours of frozen storage. This was accelerated by 30 or 90 minutes of fermentation at 30;C prior to freezing.Sucrose was rapidly hydrolysed and yeast consumed glucose in preference to fructose. Maltose was not consumed while other sugars remained. Ethanol, accumulated from consumption of glucose and fructose, was produced in approximately equal amounts to CO2, indicating that yeast cells metabolised reductively.Glucose uptake in fermenting dough followed simple hyperbolic kinetics and fructose uptake was competitively inhibited by glucose. Mathematical modelling indicated that diffusion of sugars and ethanol in dough occurred quickly enough to eliminate solute gradients brought about by yeast metabolism
Psychological adjustment of bullied children: attributions vs. actions
No full textDifferent authors use the terms 'peer-victimisation' and 'bullying' interchangeably, and while evidence suggests that they are qualitatively different experiences (see Hunter et al., 2007) such differences are generally small in magnitude
Perceptions and correlates of peer-victimization and bullying
No full textThe experiences of peer-victimization and bullying are often treated empirically as though they are conceptually indistinct. Both involve repeated aggression,but definitions of bullying additionally emphasize the importance of aggressor intent and imbalance of power between the aggressor and the victim (Olweus, 1978; Whitney & Smith, 1993). The present study aimed to examine the extent to which peer-victimization and bullying are empirically similar. The sample comprised 1,429 pupils (50.2% male) aged between 8 and 13 years attending mainstream Scottish schools. Self-report questionnaire assessing peer-victimization and bullying, copingstrategy use (WCCL: Hunter, 2000), situational appraisal and depressive symptomatology (Birleson, 1981). Almost one-third (30.7%) of pupils reported experiencing peer-victimization, and of these 38.1% (11.7% of whole sample) were categorized as victims of bullying. Victims of bullying perceived higher levels of threat and lower levels of perceived control. They also reported using more Wishful Thinking and Social Support coping strategies, but did not differ on Problem Focused coping. Bullied pupils also reported higher levels of depressive symptomatology. Peer-victimization and bullying appear to be qualitatively different experiences for children and adolescents, with bullying being the more serious phenomenon
Whoa, mule, whoa,
No full textvoiceCollected by Max Hunter (H-12)
For Mary C. Parler
Transcribed by Frances Majors
Sung by Arlie Lynch
Route 5, Rogers, Arkansas
August 13, 1958
Reel 255-56, Item 23
The Kicking Mule
There was a man lived in this town,
His name was Simon Slick;
He had a wandering cross-eyed mule,
And how that mule would kick!
He'd flop his ears, he'd switch his tail,
He'd meet you with a smile;
And when he'd stretch those hind legs out,
He'd send you a half-a-mile.
Chorus:
Whoa, mule, whoa,
Whoa, mule, whoa,
Everytime that nigger looked around,
It was whoa, mule, whoa;
Whoa, mule, whoa,
Whoa, mule, whoa,
Every time that nigger looked around
It was whoa, mule, whoa.
He bit a thomas cat in two,
He paralized a hog;
He knocked a feather from the old gray goose,
And he killed that Chinaman's dog.
He knocked a feather from that goose,
He broke an elephant's back;
He stopped a Texas railway train
And kicked it off the track.
(Chorus)
He saw a steamboat coming,
He kicked it out of sight;
He kicked a skating ring in two
At nine o'clock at night,
Left them standing on their heads
A-gasping for their breath;
He stuck his hind leg down his throat
And kicked himself to death.Funding for digitization provided by the Arkansas Humanities Council and the Happy Hollow Foundation
Recall of random and distorted positions: Implications for the theory of expertise.
No full textThis paper explores the question, important to the theory of expert performance, of the nature and number of chunks that chess experts hold in memory. It examines how memory contents determine players' abilities to reconstruct (a) positions from games, (b) positions distorted in various ways and (c) and random positions. Comparison of a computer simulation with a human experiment supports the usual estimate that chess Masters store some 50,000 chunks in memory. The observed impairment of recall when positions are modified by mirror image reflection, implies that each chunk represents a specific pattern of pieces in a specific location. A good account of the results of the experiments is given by the template theory proposed by Gobet and Simon (in press) as an extension of Chase and Simon's (1973a) initial chunking proposal, and in agreement with other recent proposals for modification of the chunking theory (Richman, Staszewski & Simon, 1995) as applied to various recall tasks
Dental Microwear From Natufian Hunter-Gatherers and Early Neolithic Farmers: Comparisons Within and Between Samples
Full text linkMicrowear patterns from Natufian hunter-gatherers (12,500–10,250 bp) and early Neolithic (10,250–7,500 bp) farmers from northern Israel are correlated with location on facet nine and related to an archaeologically suggested change in food preparation. Casts of permanent second mandibular molars are examined with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 500×. Digitized micrographs are taken from the upper and lower part of facet nine. Microwear patterns are recorded with an image-analysis computer program and compared within and between samples, using univariate and multivariate analyses. Comparisons within samples reveal a greater frequency of pits on the lower part of the facet among the farmers, compared to the upper part. Microwear does not vary over the facet among the hunter-gatherers. Comparisons between samples reveal larger dental pits (length and width) and wider scratches among the farmers at the bottom of the facet, compared to the hunter-gatherers. Microwear does not vary between samples at the top of the facet. The microwear patterns suggest that the Natufian to early Neolithic development led to a harder diet, and this is related to an archaeologically suggested change in food processing. The harder diet of the early farmers may have required higher bite forces that were exerted at the bottom of facet nine, in the basin of the tooth
Cognitive appraisals, emotional reactions, and their associations with three forms of peer-victimization
No full textVictimized students’ cognitive appraisals (perceived threat, control) are related to emotional reactions. Furthermore, psychosocial wellbeing is differentially associated with form of victimization (direct vs. indirect), suggesting that emotional reactions to direct and indirect victimization may also differ. The present study therefore evaluated appraisals and emotional reactions within the context of verbal, physical, and indirect victimization experiences, testing a mediational model which considers appraisals to mediate the effect of victimization upon emotional reaction. Participants were 146 students (44% male) aged 10-13 years attending mainstream schools in Scotland (UK). Self-report measures assessed peer-victimization (physical, verbal, indirect), appraisal (control, threat) and emotional reaction (anger, sadness). All forms of victimization were positively associated with both emotions. Threat appraisals were positively associated with all forms of victimization and control appraisals were negatively associated with physical victimization. The relationships between appraisals and emotions varied according to victimization type. The effects of victimization upon emotions were not mediated via appraisals. These results extend our understanding of the relationships between victimization and affect
Cognitive mediators of the effect of peer victimization on loneliness
No full textThe impact of stress on psychological adjustment may be mediated by cognitive interpretations (i.e., appraisals) of events for individuals. Defining characteristics of loneliness suggest that appraisals of blame, threat, and perceived control may be particularly important in this domain. AIMS: To evaluate the extent to which cognitive appraisals (perceived control, threat, and blame) can mediate the effect of peer victimization on loneliness. SAMPLE: One hundred and ten children (54 boys, 56 girls) aged 8-12 years attending mainstream schools in Scotland. METHOD: Self-report measures of peer victimization, appraisal, and loneliness. RESULTS: Perceived control partially mediated the effects of peer victimization on loneliness, but neither blame nor threat were mediators. All three measures of control were significantly associated with loneliness at the bivariate level, but only perceived control was significant when the appraisals were entered as predictors in a hierarchical multiple linear regression. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the importance of research designs assessing multiple categories of appraisal. Furthermore, they suggest that intervention efforts aiming to combat feelings of loneliness within a peer victimization context should address children's appraisals of perceived control
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