232 research outputs found
Multimode interference devices for focusing in microfluidic channels
No full textLow-cost, compact, automated optical microsystems for chemical analysis, such as microflow cytometers for identification of individual biological cells, require monolithically integrated microlenses for focusing in microfluidic channels, to enable high-resolution scattering and fluorescence measurements. The multimode interference device (MMI), which makes use of self-imaging in multimode waveguides, is shown to be a simple and effective alternative to the microlens for microflow cytometry. The MMIs have been designed, realized, and integrated with microfluidic channels in a silica-based glass waveguide material system. Focal spot sizes of 2.4 µm for MMIs have been measured at foci as far as 43.7 µm into the microfluidic channel
Integrated lenses for microfluidic systems
No full textGreater integration of optical devices is required in microfluidic systems for on-chip functionality, with lenses being key components. In this paper several candidate lens types are compared and simulations are presented which show that the paraxial kinoform lens offers optimum performance for efficiency and compactness in weak guiding system
Integrated microlenses and multimode interference devices for microflow cytometers
No full textThe convergence of microfabrication technologies, novel materials systems, and techniques for chemical and biochemical analysis is enabling the realisation of lab-on-a-chip technology. Products incorporating such technologies are expected to find widespread use, for example in personal medicine, food safety, water management and security. This research is driven by the demand for fast, low-cost, small, and automated chemical analysis using minimal sample and reagent volumes, in a multiplicity of applications including interrogation of individual particles such as biological cells or molecules by µflow cytometry.Several promising optical detection methods are still in their infancy in terms of integration on to a single chip and improvements can be made to existing integrated methods. Manipulation of a free optical beam in microfluidic channels is identified as a major need to be able to realise more complex µflow cytometry detection systems. To achieve this, the integrated optics requires substantial advances. The approach in this thesis was to produce a microfluidic device with improved integrated optics, primarily for fluorescence and scattering particle detection, which can provide a platform from which to build more complex fully automated optical detection devices not yet realised. To manipulate the free beam, optical components such as waveguide lenses, both refractive and diffractive, were analytically designed and numerically simulated. An alternative device, the multimode interference device (MMI), which makes use of the self-imaging phenomenon in multimode waveguides, was also studied due to its less stringent fabrication tolerances. Optical components including channel waveguides, to route light on chip, were realised and integrated with microfluidic channels with a fabrication comprising a two-mask process developed in silica-based glass to integrate both optics and microfluidics on to a single chip. Spotsizes as low as 5.6 µm for paraxial kinoform lenses and 2.6 µm for MMIs have been measured at foci as far as 29.2 µm and 56.0 µm in a microfluidic channel. These devices pave the way to the full integration of more robust and complex microfluidic µflow cytometers
Kinoform microlenses for focusing into microfluidic channels
No full textOptical detection in microflow cytometry requires a tightly focused light beam within a microfluidic channel for effective microparticle analysis. Integrated planar lenses have demonstrated this function, but their design is usually derived from the conventional spherical lens. Compact, efficient, integrated planar kinoform microlenses are proposed for use in microflow cytometry. A detailed design procedure is given and several designs are simulated. A paraxial kinoform lens integrated with a microfluidic channel was then fabricated in a silicate glass material system and characterized for focal position and spotsize, in comparison with light emerging directly from a channel waveguide. Focal spotsizes of 5.6 µm for kinoform lenses have been measured at foci as far as 56 µm into the microfluidic channel
Microfluidic multimode interference device
No full textA multimode interference device has been fabricated using a novel ultra-precision micromachining technique. The micromachining technique defines the interfaces of the device by cutting microfluidic channels into a silica-on-silicon substrate. Changing the refractive index of fluid within these microfluidic channels is shown to alter the optical characteristics of the device
Optofluidic integration for microanalysis
No full textThis review describes recent research in the application of optical techniques to microfluidic systems for chemical and biochemical analysis. The "lab-on-a-chip" presents great benefits in terms of reagent and sample consumption, speed, precision, and automation of analysis, and thus cost and ease of use, resulting in rapidly escalating adoption of microfluidic approaches. The use of light for detection of particles and chemical species within these systems is widespread because of the sensitivity and specificity which can be achieved, and optical trapping, manipulation and sorting of particles show significant benefits in terms of discrimination and reconfigurability. Nonetheless, the full integration of optical functions within microfluidic chips is in its infancy, and this review aims to highlight approaches which may contribute to further miniaturisation and integration
WEIGHTED PARTIAL MATCHING UNDER HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION
No full textVarious embodiments are provided for performing weighted partial matching under homomorphic encryption in a computing environment. Selected data may be encoded and encrypted into an encrypted query for comparison using private set intersection (PSI) under homomorphic encryption (HE). An encrypted score may be determined according to data blocks of the selected data and a set of weights for each of the data blocks of the selected data to identify matches between the data and the encrypted query. The encrypted score may be decrypted and decoded to identify matches between the encrypted query with the selected data
The music of Hamish MacCunn (1868-1916): a critical study
No full textApart from a single study of Jeanie Deans, MacCunn's music has, to date, never received a detailed examination. This thesis aims to provide a contextual basis for, and a stylistic analysis of, his major works, and so establish informed criteria by which a truer assessment of MacCunn's significance may be made, challenging the sovereignty of Land of the Mountain and the Flood in the public's reckoning of his compositions and hence revealing it to be not an isolated peak but one summit among many. Hamish MacCunn (1868-1916) grew up in Greenock on the west coast of Scotland before removing to London at the tender age of 15 to further his musical studies at the Royal College of Music. His assimilation of a robust orchestral technique was rapid and before he reached his twentieth birthday he had already tasted the pleasures of public approbation. Thereafter, a sequence of orchestral works, cantatas, songs and two grand operas with a pronounced Scottish character appeared in the late eighties and nineties. It is this period which is the focus of the study, but later works dating from MacCunn's time conducting West End shows are also discussed. Through a generic survey of his output, the thesis locates the composer's works within a historical and biographical framework, isolating characteristic traits both novel and derived from the earlier Nineteenth Century inheritance, and evaluating his position as a composer of his time and afterwards. In particular his strengths and penchants as a composer have been identified with special emphasis on the composer’s bias for dramatic or narrative music, amply demonstrated in his overtures, cantatas and, above all, his two operas Jeanie Deans and Diarmid. To complement the chapters on MacCunn's musical works, an opening biographical chapter, a comprehensive catalogue, a family tree, iconography and bibliography have been provided. Throughout the thesis, reference has been made to primary sources held in Glasgow and other libraries throughout Britain and the United States, in an attempt to arrive at as complete a picture of MacCunn as possible
The Constitutionality of the New Sex Work Law
No full textThis is the version of record of an article authored by Hamish Stewart, and published in the Alberta Law Review.In this article, the author considers the constitutionality of Canada’s new law on prostitution: Bill C-36. When the new sex work law was first introduced into Parliament, a number of advocacy groups and commentators argued that it was unconstitutional because of its failure to respond to the concerns raised in Bedford v. Canada, a case where the Supreme Court of Canada struck down the old sex work law on the ground that its negative impact on sex workers’ security of the person outweighed its nuisance abatement objective. This author agrees that Bill C-36 may be unconstitutional, but for a different reason. The new sex work law adheres to the constitutional norms invoked in Bedford by making use of two novel policy objectives: discouraging sex work and reducing the danger of sex work to sex workers. In practice, however, these objectives are likely to conflict with one another. As a result, Bill C-36 is an incoherent piece of legislation that may be unconstitutional for creating arbitrary and grossly disproportionate effects on the security of the person of sex workers
Total quality management, sustainable competitive advantage, and the resource-based view an exploratory study of TQM and competitive advantage at Fisher & Paykel
No full textThe aim of this research is to examine the relationships between Total Quality Management (TQM) and sustainable competitive advantage at Fisher & Paykel Appliances Ltd's Dunedin plant. The theory of how TQM may generate or support sustainable competitive advantage has previously been relatively uncharted.
Therefore, this study is an exploratory case study using primary data from interviews with the plant Quality Facilitator and HR Manager, and additional data from secondary sources. The study also examines the stronger sustainability of competitive advantage from resource combinations.
The foremost conclusion from this study is that the cornerstone of Fisher & Paykel's competitive advantage lies in their innovative capacity, and that it is their core values
– style, integrity, care, and innovation – underpinning their quality-inspired systems, operations, and culture that differentiate them in terms of innovative and competitive product design and manufacturing. While innovative products are the final results that generate value for the firm, it is the underlying quality systems, culture, and infrastructure that generates and supports innovation.
The study finds that Fisher & Paykel's core competence is its ability to design, manufacture, and get to market, innovative, stylish, and superior quality products more quickly than competitors, and support the products with care and integrity inspired quality service. It is the F&P way – their TQM system and culture – that facilitates this core competence, and consequently, appears to generate sustainable competitive advantage.
The holistic quality system (the F&P Way), strategic quality management planning, process control and management, and care in the team environment are identified as core gestalt combinations that appear to support Fisher & Paykel's sustainable competitive advantage. The results of this study suggest that three dynamic capabilities are the principal sources of sustainable competitive advantage at Fisher & Paykel: customer focus (service & satisfaction), continuous improvement, and innovation.
The value of this study is that establishes some empirical progress in the theoretical explanation of the relationship between TQM and sustainable competitive advantage, and how TQM can generate sustainable competitive advantage.UnpublishedAdam, E. E., Jr. (1994). Alternative quality improvement practices and organisation
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