4,270 research outputs found
The concept of organism: historical philosophical, scientific perspectives
No full textContents
0. Philippe Huneman and Charles T. Wolfe: Introduction
1. Tobias Cheung, “What is an ‘organism’? On the occurrence of a new term and its conceptual transformations 1680-1850”
2. Charles T. Wolfe, “Do organisms have an ontological status?”
3. John Symons, “The individuality of artifacts and organisms”
4. Thomas Pradeu, “What is an organism? An immunological answer”
5. Matteo Mossio & Alvaro Moreno, “Organisational closure in biological organisms”
6. Laura Nuño de la Rosa, “Becoming organisms. The organisation of development and the development of organisation”
7. Denis Walsh, “Two Neo-Darwinisms”
8. Philippe Huneman, “Assessing the prospects for a return of organisms in evolutionary biology”
9. Johannes Martens, “Organisms in evolution”
10. Susan Oyama, “Biologists behaving badly: Vitalism and the language of language
Philippe Huneman, Bichat, la vie et la mort (Paris : PUF, 1998)
No full textPhilippe Huneman, Bichat, la vie et la mort (Paris : PUF, 1998). In: Revue d'histoire des sciences, tome 53, n°3-4, 2000. pp. 629-631
Philippe Huneman, Bichat, la vie et la mort (Paris : PUF, 1998)
No full textPhilippe Huneman, Bichat, la vie et la mort (Paris : PUF, 1998). In: Revue d'histoire des sciences, tome 53, n°3-4, 2000. pp. 629-631
Compte-rendu : Death: Perspectives from the philosophy of biology, Philippe Huneman, éditions Palgrave Macmillan, 2023
No full textCompte-rendu de Death: Perspectives from the philosophy of biology, de Philippe Huneman, publié chez Palgrave Macmillan en 2023
Compte rendu de Time of nature and the nature of time. Philosophical perspectives of time in natural sciences, Chr. Bouton & Ph. Huneman (eds.), 2017
No full textCompte rendu de Time of nature and the nature of time. Philosophical perspectives of time in natural sciences, Christophe Bouton et Philippe Huneman (éditeurs), Springer, 2017.Review of Time of nature and the nature of time. Philosophical perspectives of time in natural sciences, Christophe Bouton and Philippe Huneman (editors), Springer, 2017
Bichat, la vie et la mort / par Philippe Huneman
No full textCollection : Philosophies ; 111Contient une table des matièresAvec mode text
A primer on innovation and growth
No full textPhilippe Aghion emphasises that for Europe to stimulate innovation and growth, it is not enough to increase spending on research and development and the protection of intellectual property.
Pourquoi les poissons mordent-ils toujours à l'hameçon ? Une enquête sur les mesures de l’évolution
No full textCe travail de mémoire, qui ponctue mon cycle d’étude au master Lophisc, fut rédigé sous la direction de Philippe Huneman. Il y sera donc majoritairement question de biologie évolutive. J’ai décidé de travailler sur une question d’apparence assez simple à résoudre afin d’exhiber la complexité des différentes approches explicatives de processus évolutifs. La voici : « Pourquoi les poissons mordent-t-ils toujours à l’hameçon ? »Pour y répondre je propose de discuter dans un premier temps les mécanismes de coévolution et les limites de leurs capacités à produire de l’adaptation. Dans un second temps, je propose de réflechir aux réponses possibles à ma question dans la perspective d’une conception rythmée de l’évolution. Cette seconde partie repose majoritairement sur « Tempos and Modes » du paléontologue G. Simpson. Enfin, je conclus ce travail par une réflexion sur les tempos d’évolution de la technique humaine et leur impact sur l’écologie marine
Inclusive Fitness teleology and Darwinian explanatory pluralism : a theoretical sketch and an application to current controversies
No full textInternational audienceFormal Darwinism (Grafen 2002, 2007) is a theoretical framework aimed at articulating optimisation models in behavioural ecology and allele dynamics modeling in population genetics. It yields a teleology centered on inclusive fitness maximisation ("IF teleology"), which captures the many aspects of teleology in Darwinian thinking (Huneman 2019b) and supports an explanatory pluralism in evolutionary biology. Based on this framework the present chapter intends to show how the major distinctions regarding kinds of explanation identified in evolutionary biology can be connected and systematized through such explanatory pluralism. Then I will show that it can be redescribed in the terms of Aristotle's four causes, and finally, that it makes sense of the use of two distinct notions of causation. The rest of the paper analyses two examples where this FD-based pluralism and the correlated use of IF teleology allow one to cast a light on current controversies regarding evolutionary theory : the disputed need to overcome the Modern Synthesis of evolution because of non genetic inheritance, biased variation or niche construction; and the opposition of kin selection and multilevel selection regarding the evolution of altruism
Chance underlying evolution. Stochastic explanation in molecular and cellular biology
No full textSince Darwin first articulated the theory of evolution by natural selection ([1859] 1964), chance in biology has been considered as intimately connected with the source of heritable variation. In line with Darwin’s thinking, the Modern Synthesis, developed in the 1940s and 1950s, invoked chance to characterize genetic variation via random mutations, as well as the evolutionary processes of genetic drift. In the same vein, philosophical debates on chance in biology have been mainly focused on evolutionary theory, and more generally, on the framework of evolutionary biology. But what about chance underlying evolution? Taking the analysis of explanations found in molecular and cellular biology as a starting point, my contribution to the philosophical debate on chance in biology is to give an epistemological “dignity” to chance. The intention of the account of “stochastic explanation” (SE) developed in my dissertation is for it to function as a philosophical tool which allows the central role of chance in cellular and molecular explanation to be recognized and accounted for
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