1,720,971 research outputs found
Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida
No full textHummon, William D., Todaro, Antonio (2009): Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida. Zootaxa 2278: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19113
Analytic taxonomy and notes on marine, brackish-water and estuarine Gastrotricha
No full textHummon, William D., Todaro, M. Antonio (2010): Analytic taxonomy and notes on marine, brackish-water and estuarine Gastrotricha. Zootaxa 2392 (1): 1-32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2392.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2392.1.
FIGURE 2. Macrodasys digronus n in Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida
No full textFIGURE 2. Macrodasys digronus n. sp. A—dorsal and B—ventral views of an adult (Lt=753 µm, LPh=310 µm), from Caorle W, Italy, dorsal with digestive and reproductive tracts; ventral with adhesive tubes and the ventral locomotor ciliary band.Published as part of Hummon, William D. & Todaro, Antonio, 2009, Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida, pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2278 on page 52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19113
FIGURE 1. Macrodasys acrosorus n in Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida
No full textFIGURE 1. Macrodasys acrosorus n. sp. A—dorsal and B—ventral views of an adult (Lt=706 µm, LPh=250 µm), from Spiaggia d'Ischia Porto, Isola d'Ischia, Italy, dorsal with digestive and reproductive tracts; ventral with adhesive tubes and ventral locomotor ciliary bands.Published as part of Hummon, William D. & Todaro, Antonio, 2009, Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida, pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2278 on page 49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19113
FIGURE 4. Diplodasys sanctimariae n in Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida
No full textFIGURE 4. Diplodasys sanctimariae n. sp. A—dorsal and B—ventral views of an adult (Lt=375 µm, LPh=97 µm) from Santa Maria di Leuca, Italy, dorsal with lateral spines and dorsal scales; ventral with digestive and reproductive tracts, locomotor ciliary bands, lateral spines and adhesive tubes. C—spine in longitudinal and cross-sectional views with its separate scalebar; D and D' dorsal scales with apparent fenestrations and their separate scale bar.Published as part of Hummon, William D. & Todaro, Antonio, 2009, Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida, pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2278 on page 57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19113
FIGURE 6. Tetranchyroderma korynetum n in Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida
No full textFIGURE 6. Tetranchyroderma korynetum n. sp. A—dorsal, B—ventral views of an adult (Lt=300 µm, LPh=127 µm), and C—a pentancre with a separate scalebar, from Spiaggia d'Ischia Porto, Isola d'Ischia, Italy, dorsal with glands and the cuticular armature of pentancres shown on the right side; ventral with cuticular armature of pentancres shown on the left side, along with digestive and reproductive tracts, adhesive tubes and the ventral locomotor ciliary band.Published as part of Hummon, William D. & Todaro, Antonio, 2009, Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida, pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2278 on page 62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19113
FIGURE 3. Acanthodasys flabellicaudus n in Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida
No full textFIGURE 3. Acanthodasys flabellicaudus n. sp. A—dorsal and B—ventral views of an adult (Lt=592 µm, LPh=158 µm); C—dorsal and D—ventral views of a subadult (Lt=428 µm, LPh=152 µm), both from Spiaggia degli Inglesi, Isola d'Ischia, Italy, dorsal with glands, adhesive tubes and the cuticular armature of uniancres (shown only on the left side as seen from below, (A) or just glands and tubes (C); ventral with digestive and reproductive tracts, and adhesive tubes (B) or with cuticular armature of uniancres shown on the side, along with digestive tract, adhesive tubes and the ventral locomotor ciliary patches (D). E—a uniancre with its separate scalebar.Published as part of Hummon, William D. & Todaro, Antonio, 2009, Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida, pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2278 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19113
Macrodasys digronus Hummon & Todaro, 2009, new species
No full textMacrodasys digronus new species [Mcd dgrn] Figure 2 A, B Macrodasys sp.II (Evans, Todaro & Hummon 1993: Tab. I) Macrodasys sp. C (Todaro, Hummon, Balsamo, Fregni & Tongiorgi 2001: p. 101); (Hummon 2001 – 2009: W Med Database) Diagnosis: Adult Lt 753 Μm; PhJIn at U 41. Head ovoid, with slight swelling behind the pestle organs at U03; trunk broad, but constricting in the regions of the rear pharynx and the frontal organ, before narrowing to the caudum. Glands inconspicuous. TbA 5 per side, in transverse rows that insert directly on the body; TbL 25 per side, symmetrical, but variably spaced, from U 37 to the rear, with 1 at the rear of the pharynx, 1 at the PhJIn, and 23 in the intestinal region; TbD and TbV absent; TbP 7 per side surrounding the caudum. Locomotor ciliature: complete ventral covering. Mouth sub-terminal, rim bears a corona of fine projections; buccal cavity lightly cuticularized; pharyngeal pores are sub-basal; intestine broadest in front, narrowing to the rear; anus at U 94. Hermaphroditic; testes extend rearward from the PhJIn; an undeveloped egg and a germinal vesicle were seen; caudal organ has a narrow glandular forward portion and a broader rear portion, sinuous at its base, with an internal canal, but no coarse spiral or longitudinal musculature being seen; frontal organ has a double apical section, the one somewhat more ventrolateral to the other, with a bulge in the rear that contains a ventral opening, the interior not containing active sperm, and a basal cell to the rear; caudal organ overlaps part of the basal cell but not the frontal organ itself. Description: Adult Lt 753 Μm; LPh 310 Μm to PhJIn at U 41 (Fig. 2 A, B). Body medium in length as an adult, ventrally flattened, dorsally vaulted; head ovoid, with a slight swelling, behind the pestle organs at U03; trunk broad, but constricting in the regions of the rear pharynx and the frontal organ, before narrowing gradually to the caudum. Widths at pestle organs/pharyngeal swelling/pharyngeal pores/mid-testes/midFO/midCO/anus/ caudum (min.) and locations along the length of the body are as follows: 62 / 86 / 65 / 93 / 75 / 79 / 29 / 20 Μm at U03/ U 10 /U 30 /U 48 /U 64 /U 76 /U 94 /U 96, respectively. Epidermis unarmored, glands not conspicuous. Adhesive tubes: TbA 5 per side (L 12 Μm), in transverse rows, which insert directly on the postoral body surface at U01 and project forward; TbL 25 per side (L 16–22 Μm), symmetrically placed, but with variable spacing, from U 37 rearward, with 0 before the pharyngeal pores, 1 at the rear of the pharynx, 1 at the PhJIn, and 23 in the intestinal region; TbD and TbV are absent; TbP 7 per side surrounding the caudum posterior to the anus, all as long as the largest TbL. Ciliation: A few hooked sensory cilia (L 28–30 Μm) occur on either side of the mouth, with a circlet of cilia surrounding the head in front of the pestle organs; other sensory hairs arise in three columns on either side of the body, lateral and dorsal (L similar), and ventrolateral (L 12–15 Μm) with 25–28 per column. Ventral locomotor ciliature: the entire ventral surface is covered with cilia (L 18–22 m), with bare spots beneath the frontal organ opening and the anus. Digestive tract: Mouth slightly subterminal, 24 um in diameter; mouth rim bears a corona of a dozen fine projections (L 8 Μm); buccal cavity is lightly cuticularized; pharynx has sub-basal pharyngeal pores at U 30; intestine is broadest in front, narrowing slowly to the rear; anus is at U 94. Reproductive tract: Testes extend rearward from the PhJIn, vasa deferentia not seen; eggs develop from rear to front, one undeveloped being seen in this specimen, with an additional germinal vesicle immediately to its rear; caudal organ is two parted, the fore part narrow and glandular, the rear part broader, sinuous at its rear with an internal longitudinal canal, but with no coarse spiral musculature or longitudinal musculature being seen; frontal organ has a double apical section, the one somewhat more ventrolateral to the other, with a medial bulge in the rear that contains the ventral opening, and a basal cell to the rear; sperm were not seen internally; caudal organ overlaps part of the basal cell but not the frontal organ itself. Ecology: Sparse in frequency of occurrence (fewer than 10 % of samples), rare in abundance (less than 1 % of a sample); littoral in very fine, medium to medium-well sorted clean sand at 0–10 cm depth MLWN-MLWS. Geographical distribution: MED: EUROPE: ITALY: Veneto {Caorle W^ 45 °, 35 ’N/ 12 °, 52 ’E [video]}. Remarks: The description of Macrodasys digronus n. sp. is taken from a single specimen, the only one found (WDH video # 261, a holotype, ICZN Articles 73.1.2). Unusual is the frontal organ with its double apical section, one somewhat more ventrolateral to the other, with a medial bulge in the rear that contains the ventral opening, and the caudal organ that overlaps part of the basal cell of the frontal organ, but not the frontal organ itself. Etymology: The species is named for the double (Greek: di -) apical section of the cavernous (Greek: gronos) frontal organ. Taxonomic affinities: No other species in the genus Macrodasys has the combination of characters that occur in M. digronus n. sp.: a frontal organ having a double apical section, one more ventrolateral than the other, with a bulge containing the ventral opening, and a caudal organ that overlaps part of the basal cell of the frontal organ, but not the frontal organ itself, PhJIn at U 41, TbA 5 per side, TbL/TbP 25 / 7 per side, occurring regularly from the rear pharynx back.Published as part of Hummon, William D. & Todaro, Antonio, 2009, Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida, pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2278 on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19113
Macrodasys acrosorus Hummon & Todaro, 2009, new species
No full textMacrodasys acrosorus new species [Mcd acsr] Figure 1 A, B Macrodasys sp. E (Todaro, Hummon, Balsamo, Fregni & Tongiorgi 2001: p. 89); (Hummon 2001 – 2009: W Med Database) Diagnosis: Adult Lt 706 Μm; PhJIn at U 35. Head ovoid, without swelling, pestle organs at U02; trunk broad throughout, narrowing near the caudum. Glands inconspicuous. TbA 5 per side, in transverse rows that insert directly on the body; TbL 17 per side, symmetrical, from U 30 to the rear, with 3 between the pharyngeal pores and the PhJIn, and 14 in the intestinal region; TbD and TbV absent; TbP 5 per side surrounding the caudum. Locomotor ciliature: paired tracts run from just behind the pestle organs, paralleling the body sides, and joining beneath the caudum rearward of the anus. Mouth sub-terminal, rim bears a corona of fine projections; buccal cavity cup-shaped, lightly cuticularized; pharyngeal pores are sub-basal; intestine broadest in front, narrowing quickly, circling around the reproductive structures to the rear; anus at U 90. Hermaphroditic; testes extend rearward from just before the PhJIn; only one small egg was seen; caudal organ is elongate pyriform, homogeneous but hollow toward the front, with a more normal rear, having fine spiral striations throughout, but no coarse spiral or longitudinal musculature being seen; frontal organ has a sharp beak-like apex, a longitudinally bilobed interior chamber that contained active sperm, and a basal cell to the rear; caudal organ overlaps the rearmost part of the frontal organ itself. Description: Adult Lt 706 Μm; LPh 250 Μm to PhJIn at U 35 (Fig. 1 A, B). Body medium in length as an adult, ventrally flattened, dorsally vaulted; head ovoid, without swelling, but bearing pestle organs at U02; trunk broad throughout, narrowing gradually to the caudum. Widths at pestle organs/pharyngeal pores/PhJIn/tip of CO/anus/caudum (min.) and locations along the length of the body are as follows: 59 / 85 / 79 / 91 / 39 / 11 Μm at U02/U 29 /U 35 /U 65 /U 90 /U 99, respectively. Epidermis unarmored, glands not conspicuous. Adhesive tubes: TbA 5 per side (L 12 Μm), in transverse rows, which insert directly on the postoral body surface at U03 and project forward; TbL 17 per side (L 12–15 Μm), symmetrically placed, from U 30 rearward, with 0 before the pharyngeal pores, 3 between the pores and the PhJIn, and 14 in the intestinal region; TbD and TbV are absent; TbP 5 per side surrounding the caudum posterior to the anus, all as long as or larger than the rearmost TbL. Ciliation: Sensory cilia (L 14–28 Μm) occur on either side of the mouth, with a circlet of cilia surrounding the head above the pestle organs; longer sensory hairs (L similar) arise in two columns on either side of the body, lateral and dorsal, with 16–18 per column. Ventral locomotor ciliature: paired tracts of short cilia (L 10–12 Μm) run from just behind the pestle organs, paralleling the body sides, and joining beneath the caudum rearward of the anus. Digestive tract: Mouth slightly subterminal, 24 Μm in diameter; mouth rim bears a corona of a dozen fine projections (L 8 Μm); buccal cavity expands with depth and is lightly cuticularized; pharynx has sub-basal pharyngeal pores at U 29; intestine is broadest in front, narrowing quickly at about U 50 and then circling around the reproductive structures to the rear; anus is at U 90. Reproductive tract: Testes extend rearward from just before the PhJIn, vasa deferentia not seen; eggs appear to develop from rear to front, only a small one being seen in this specimen, with no additional germinal vesicles; caudal organ is elongate pyriform, homogeneous with a hollow opening in the front but with a more normal rear end, having fine spiral striations throughout, but no coarse spiral musculature or longitudinal musculature being seen; frontal organ has a sharp beak-like apex, a longitudinally bilobed interior chamber that contained active sperm, a ventral opening in the rear of the anterior chamber, and a basal cell to the rear; caudal organ overlaps the basal cell and the rearmost part of the frontal organ itself. Ecology: Sparse in frequency of occurrence (fewer than 10 % of samples), rare in abundance (less than 1 % of a sample); sublittoral in fine, medium to medium-well sorted clean sand at 1.5–3.0 m water depth. Geographical distribution: MED: EUROPE: ITALY: Campania Archipelago {Isola d’Ischia: Bagnetielli, Spiaggia d'Ischia Porto^ 40 °, 45 ’N/ 13 °, 56 ’E [video]}. Remarks: The description of Macrodasys acrosorus n. sp. is taken from a single specimen, the only one found (WDH video # 262, a holotype, ICZN Articles 73.1. 2). Unusual is the ventral ciliation of paired lateral tracks, the homogeneous caudal organ, having fine spiral striations, and the longitudinally bilobed frontal organ with a beak-like apex. Etymology: The species is named for the sharply pointed beak-like tip (Greek: akros) of the hollow (Greek: soros) frontal organ. Taxonomic affinities: To the 28 species currently in the genus Macrodasys are being added two new species M. acrosorus n. sp. and one to be described below, bringing the number to 30. No other species of medium length in this genus has the following combination of characters: ventral ciliation with paired lateral tracks, a homogeneous caudal organ, having only fine spiral striations, and a longitudinally bilobed frontal organ with a beak-like apex, PhJIn at U 35, TbA 5 per side, TbL/TbP 17 / 5 per side, occurring regularly from the pharyngeal pores rearward.Published as part of Hummon, William D. & Todaro, Antonio, 2009, Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida, pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2278 on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19113
Acanthodasys flabellicaudus Hummon & Todaro, 2009, new species
No full textAcanthodasys flabellicaudus new species [Acd fvcd] Figure 3 A–E Acanthodasys sp. B (Todaro, Hummon, Balsamo, Fregni & Tongiorgi 2001: p. 122); (Hummon 2001 – 2009: W Med Database) Diagnosis: Adult Lt 592 Μm; PhJIn at U 27. Head end nearly squared off; trunk broadens somewhat in the pharyngeal region, becomes obesely broad in the mid-intestinal region, then narrows in two stages to the rounded caudum. Glands 30–32 per side, most dense behind the anus. Epidermis is covered with small T-shaped uniancres, similar both dorsally and ventrally, having no intervening cuticular elements; only the ciliated patches of locomotor cilia are free of uniancres. TbA 5 per side, inserting directly on the body, projecting forward to diagonally outward; TbVL 12 per side, 9 at U 18 -U 57, with 3 at the rear of the pharynx, and 6 in the fore intestinal region, the remaining 3 at U 73, U 90 and U 94, the final 2 being in the postanal region; TbDL 3 per side, asymmetrically placed at U 29 -U 59; TbL per se /TbV absent; TbP 6, longer medially than laterally, occur on the rounded rear of the caudum. Locomotor ciliature: a field of ciliary patches, interspersed with the ventral uniancres. Mouth terminal, as broad as the fore end of the body, rim bears a corona of cilia; non-cuticularized buccal cavity narrows quickly; narrow pharynx has inconspicuous basal pharyngeal pores; intestine broadest in the middle, narrowing gradually fore to aft; anus at U 89. Hermaphroditic; testes are bilateral in this subfamily, beginning just behind the PhJIn, with vasa deferentia continuing rearward before joining medially at U 73 and leading rearward to an irregularly shaped longitudinal caudal organ with a medial canal and some glandular material; a developing egg and 2 germinal vesicles occur in the mid-intestinal region; a spherical frontal organ is hyaline and bears motile sperm; another spherical structure bearing small round objects occurs between the germinal vesicles and the frontal organ; a dorsal rosette occurs in the fore-intestinal region at U 38. Description: Adult Lt 592 Μm; LPh 158 Μm to PhJIn at U 27 (Fig. 3 A, B). Body long as an adult, ventrally flattened, dorsally vaulted; head end nearly squared off; trunk broadens somewhat in the pharyngeal region, becomes obesely broad in the mid-intestinal region, then narrows in two stages to the rounded caudum. Widths at and just behind mouth/PhJIn/mid-intestine/anus/caudum and locations along the length of the body are as follows: 44,40 / 62 / 92 / 40 / 15 Μm at U01,U02/U 27 /U 60 /U 89 /U 97, respectively. Glands 30–32 per side (2–4 Μm diam.) are scattered in lateral and dorsal columns, most densely clustered behind the anus. Cuticular Armature: Epidermis is covered with small T-shaped uniancres (Fig. 3 E), of similar size ventrally and dorsally (L 8 Μm), having no intervening cuticular elements. Only the ciliated patches of locomotor cilia are free of uniancres. Adhesive tubes: TbA 5 per side (L 5–7 Μm), in a broad, shallow arc, inserting directly on the postoral body surface at U02-U03 and project forward to diagonally outward; TbVL 12 per side (L 12–14 Μm), with 9 at U 18 -U 57, most symmetrically placed, 0 of these in the fore pharyngeal and 3 in the rear pharyngeal regions, and 6 in the fore intestinal region, the remaining 3 occurring symmetrically at U 73, U 90 and U 94, the final 2 being in the postanal region; TbDL 3 per side, asymmetrically placed at U 29 -U 59; TbL per se /TbV are absent; TbP 6 (L 14–17 Μm), longer medially than laterally, occur on the rounded rear of the caudum. Ciliation: Mouth rim bears a corona of cilia (L 8–12 Μm); sensory hairs arise in lateral columns on either side of the body (L 6–10 Μm), numbering c. 45 each. Ventral locomotor ciliature forms a field of ciliary patches (cilia L 10 Μm), interspersed with the ventral uniancres (Fig. 3 D). Digestive tract: Mouth terminal, as broad as the fore end of the body, width 39 Μm; non-cuticularized buccal cavity narrows quickly; narrow pharynx has inconspicuous basal pharyngeal pores; intestine is broadest in the middle, narrowing gradually to the rear; anus is at U 89. Reproductive tract: Testes are bilateral in this subfamily, beginning just behind the PhJIn, with vasa deferentia continuing rearward before joining medially at U 73 and leading rearward in the hind-intestinal region to a longitudinally oriented caudal organ of irregular shape that has a medial canal, followed to the rear by some glandular material; a developing egg (39 x 52 Μm) and 2 germinal vesicles occur in the mid-intestinal region; a spherical frontal organ occurs that is hyaline and bears a cell-like structure and some motile sperm; another spherical structure with a dozen small round objects occurs between the germinal vesicles and the frontal organ; a dorsal rosette occurs in the fore-intestinal region at U 38. Ecology: Sparse in frequency of occurrence (less than 10 % of samples), scarce in abundance (3–5 % of a sample); sublittoral in fine, medium-well sorted, clean sand, 5.0 m water depth, 0–10 cm depth. Geographical distribution: MED: EUROPE: ITALY: Campania Archipelago {Isola d’Ischia: Spiaggia degli Inglesi^ 40 °, 45 ’N/ 13 °, 56 ’E [2 -videos]} Remarks: The description of Acanthodasys flabellicaudus n. sp. is taken from two specimens, both from the same location. One (WDH video # 9, Fig. 3 A,B, a holotype, ICZN Article 73.1.1) is a mature adult. The other (WDH video # 10, Fig. 3 C,D, a paratype, ICZN Article 72.4.5) is a subadult: Lt 428 Μm; LPh 152 Μm, with TbA 4 or 5 per side, TbVL 7 per side, TbD 3 per side, and TbP 6 per side. Etymology: The species is named after the small fan-shaped (Latin flabellum) array of rear (Latin cauda) adhesive tubes. Taxonomic affinities: There are currently eight described species of Acanthodasys, including: Acanthodasys flabellicaudus n. sp., the latter being the only species having a rounded rather than a furcated caudum, together with TbA 5 per side, TbDL 3 per side, and T-shaped uniancres of similar size dorsally and ventrally, with no additional elements in between.Published as part of Hummon, William D. & Todaro, Antonio, 2009, Italian marine Gastrotricha: VI. Seven new species of Macrodasyida, pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2278 on pages 53-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19113
- …
