87,184 research outputs found
Hummer: Towards Limited Competitive Preference Dataset
No full textPreference datasets are essential for incorporating human preferences into
pre-trained language models, playing a key role in the success of Reinforcement
Learning from Human Feedback. However, these datasets often demonstrate
conflicting alignment objectives, leading to increased vulnerability to
jailbreak attacks and challenges in adapting downstream tasks to prioritize
specific alignment objectives without negatively impacting others. In this
work, we introduce a novel statistical metric, Alignment Dimension Conflict, to
quantify the degree of conflict within preference datasets. We then present
\texttt{Hummer} and its fine-grained variant, \texttt{Hummer-F}, as innovative
pairwise preference datasets with reduced-conflict alignment objectives.
\texttt{Hummer} is built based on UltraFeedback and is enhanced by AI feedback
from GPT-4, marking as the first preference dataset aimed at reducing the
competition between alignment objectives. Furthermore, we develop reward
models, HummerRM and HummerRM-F, which employ a hybrid sampling approach to
balance diverse alignment objectives effectively. This sampling method
positions HummerRM as an ideal model for domain-specific further fine-tuning
and reducing vulnerabilities to attacks
Data for Mechanism of proton-powered c-ring rotation in a mitochondrial ATP synthase
No full text<p>Additional data for the publication "Mechanism of proton-powered c-ring rotation in a mitochondrial ATP synthase" by F. E. C. Blanc and G. Hummer.</p>
New Strawberry Species Found in Oregon
No full textA recently discovered wild strawberry species provides new genetic material for plant research and, in the future, might also provide a new class of commercial strawberries.
Agricultural Research Service scientist Kim Hummer, with the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository at Corvallis, Oregon, found the new species during several plant collection expeditions in the high peaks of Oregon’s Cascade Mountains. She named it Fragaria cascadensis.
The find was reported in the Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas.
The new strawberry is endemic to the Oregon Cascades, hence its specific name, F. cascadensis. It is perennial, with white flowers and green leaves, and it differs from other strawberry species of the region by having hairs on the upper side of its leaves; a different-shaped middle leaflet; comma-shaped, small brown fruits (called “achenes”) on the strawberry surface; and 10 sets of chromosomes, unlike the 8 sets of chromosomes of the commercial strawberry, according to Hummer.
“The new strawberry species begins growing after snowmelt in late May or early June and flowers in early July. Runner production begins after flowering, and fruit ripens during August for about 2 weeks,” says Hummer. “The fruits of plants at about 5,000 feet elevation ripen 1 to 2 weeks later than those at 3,280 feet.”
The strawberry’s distribution in the Oregon Cascades stretches from the Columbia River in the north to the vicinity of Crater Lake in the south, at elevations of about 3,000 feet up to tree line. It grows in sandy-clay loam soil of volcanic origin located in forest clearings and open alpine meadows. The northern distribution range of F. cascadensis has an average annual precipitation of 12-15 inches, but the southern range receives only about 6 inches of precipitation annually
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Fragaria cascadensis K.E. Hummer: first investigation of volatile organic compounds of fruit
No full textIn 2012, Fragaria cascadensis was described as a decaploid strawberry species
from the Oregon Cascade Mountains. The objective of this study was to examine the
aroma patterns of fruits of this F. cascadensis in contrast to those of F. vesca ssp.
bracteata (A. Heller) Staudt and F. virginiana ssp. platypetala (Rydberg) Staudt. These
profiles were investigated by immersion stir bar sorptive extraction-gas
chromatography-quadrupol mass spectrometry (Imm-SBSE-GC-qMS). The profile of F.
cascadensis fruits is clearly separated from that of either F. vesca ssp. bracteata or F.
virginiana ssp. platypetala considering 53 detected volatile organic compounds (VOC).
Several compounds from different groups were identified: esters, ketones, terpenoids,
lactones, furanones, aldehydes, alcohols, acids, and carotenoid derived compounds.
Compounds, such as 2-undecanone, phenylmethyl acetate, and 13-damascenone, were
found in F. vesca ssp. bracteata, but not in F. virginiana ssp. platypetala or F.
cascadensis. In contrast, the compound verbenone was detected only in F. cascadensis,
though it did not appear in either the diploid F. vesca ssp. bracteata or in the octoploid
F. virginiana ssp. platypetala. Linalool, an important aroma compound, is detectable
with low amounts in fruit of F. vesca ssp. bracteata and F. virginiana ssp. platypetala,
but with six- to ten-fold times those values in F. cascadensis. A distinctive feature of F.
cascadensis is the occurrence of high concentrations of acetophenone
[Newspaper Clipping: Author Claims Evidence of Second JFK Assassin #1]
No full textNewspaper article titled "Author Claims Evidence of Second JFK Assassin." The article states that author Richard J. Whalen concluded "that there is circumstantial evidence to support the theory of a second assassin in the shooting of President John F. Kennedy.
Also By The Same Author: AKTiveAuthor, a Citation Graph Approach to Name Disambiguation
No full textThe desire for definitive data and the semantic web drive for inference over heterogeneous data sources requires co-reference resolution to be performed on those data. In particular, name disambiguation is required to allow accurate publication lists, citation counts and impact measures to be determined. This paper describes a graph-based approach to author disambiguation on large-scale citation networks. Using self-citation, co-authorship and document source analyses, AKTiveAuthor clusters papers, achieving precision of 0.997 and recall of 0.818 over a test group of eight surname clusters
John F. Kennedy telegram to Roosevelt
No full textJersey Homesteads (later the Borough of Roosevelt) was established in the 1930s as an agro-industrial cooperative community. It was established specifically for urban Jewish garment workers, many of whom had emigrated from Europe. President John F. Kennedy sent a telegram to the citizens of Roosevelt, New Jersey, apologizing for not being able to attend the memorial dedication in honor of former President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. (Jersey Homesteads became Roosevelt in 1945 in honor of the president.) President Kennedy expressed his gratitude to the people of Roosevelt for constructing the memorial, and commented that it will serve as a constant reminder of Roosevelt's good works
Logarithmic variance profiles and the corresponding f-1 spectra of temperature fluctuations in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection
No full textWe report experimental results for the temperature variance 2(z) and the corresponding frequency spectra P(f) in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) in a cylindrical sample of aspect ratioT= D/L = 1:00 (D = 1:12 m is the diameter and L = 1:12 m the height). The measurements were conducted in the Rayleigh-number range 1011 < Ra < 1:35 1014 and Pr ' 0:8. For Ra = 1:35x1014, 2(z) could be described well by a logarithmic dependence on the vertical position z in a range of z 1 < z < z 2 with z 1 ' 70 and z 2 = 0:1L. Here L=(2Nu) is the thickness of a thin thermal sublayer adjacent to the horizontal plate where the heat flux (denoted by the Nusselt number Nu) is carried mostly by thermal diffusion. In the log layer, we found that the temperature spectra had a significant frequency range over which P(f) f with close to 1. As Ra decreased, increased so that the log layer became thinner. At Ra = 2:05 1011, z 2 < z 1 and therefore there was no range for a log layer. Correspondingly, the temperature spectrum near the horizontal plate did not have the f1 scaling form either
Maine author Franklin F. Gould recalls his first glimpse of the outside world
No full textMaine author Franklin F. Gould recalls his first glimpse of the outside world as he relates how, as a young farm boy in the late 1800\u27s, he drove his father\u27s horses on an errand to an icebound river
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